Unit 2
Working the land
Period 3
Using Language
Ⅰ
.
根据英文释义搭配单词
1
．
mineral
A
．
any of various especially solid substances that are formed naturally in the earth
，
such as stone
，
coal and salt
，
especially
2
．
root B
．
read quickly in order to find the chief points
3
．
skim C
．
make a remark
；
give an opinion
4
．
underline D
．
the fact or condition from which sth.begins
，
or by which sth.is caused
5
．
comment E
．
draw a line under a word
，
etc.
答案：
1.A
2.D
3.B
4.E
5.C
Ⅱ
.
根据所给词性及汉语提示写出下列单词
1
．
_______(
v
t
.)
使迷惑；使为难
→
confusing(
adj
.)
令人迷惑的
→
confused(
adj
.)
感到迷惑的
→
confusion(
n
.)
迷惑
2
．
________ (
adj
.)
化学的；关于化学的
→
chemistry(
n
.)
化学
3
．
__________(
n
.)
生产；制造
→
produce(
v
.)
生产
4
．
discover(
v
t
.)
发现
→
__________(
n
.)
发现；发觉
5
．
________(
v
t
.)
减少；减缩
→
reduction(
n
.)
减少
confuse
chemical
production
discovery
reduce
Ⅲ
.
根据所给汉语补全下列短语
1
．
________ addition
而且，此处
2
．
turn ________
转向
3
．
focus ________
集中
(
注意力；精力
)
于
4
．
________...free from...
使
……
免受
(
影响、伤害等
)
使
……
不含
(
有害物
)
5
．
prevent...________...
阻止
……
做
……
in
to
on
keep
from
Ⅳ
.
根据语境和汉语提示写出下列短语
1
．
If there is a big flood
，
it will ________________(
对
……
造成损害
)the house lying low.
2
．
The student is trying to ________ the ink ________(
洗掉
)his hands.
3
．
With his effort to help those in need
，
his fame is going to ________(
逐渐增强
)
．
4
．
What you have done will ________ (
导致
)the failure of the project.
cause damage to
wash
off
build up
lead to
Ⅰ
.Read the passage quickly and match each part with its main idea.
Part 1(Para.1)
A
．
Farmers and customers turn to organic farming and how farmers keep their soil rich.
Part 2(Para.2) B
．
Scientists have found that chemical fertilizers cause damage to the land and people
’
s health.
Part 3(Paras.3&4) C
．
Some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers.
答案：
Part 1
－
B
Part 2
－
C
Part 3
－
A
Ⅱ
.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1
．
What does
“
organic farming
”
introduced in the passage refer to?
A
．
All farming concerning crop
planting.
B
．
Crops growing with natural fertilizers instead of chemical ones.
C
．
Crops growing with chemical fertilizers.
D
．
Crops growing in poor soil.
2
．
Organic farmers prefer using ________.
A
．
chemical fertilizers
B
．
natural and chemical fertilizers
C
．
natural fertilizers
D
．
some kind of chemical fertilizers
3
．
Which of the following is TRUE?
A
．
All farming is organic farming.
B
．
Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to make full use of the field.
C
．
Farmers often grow the same crops year after year. In this way
，
they can have a good harvest.
D
．
Using natural waste from animals can help reduce disease in crops and help them grow strong and healthy.
4.The purpose of this passage is to________.
A
．
tell us the story of organic farmers
B
．
introduce the organic farming
C. argue that organic farming should be encouraged
D
．
object to the traditional farming
答案：
1
～
4.B C D B
Ⅲ
.Complete the following sentences and think about the reasons.
1
．
First
，
they damage the land ________ killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well ________ the harmful ones.
2
．
These chemicals in the food supply build ________ in people
’
s bodies ________ time.
by
as
up
over
3
．
________ these discoveries
，
some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn ________ organic farming.
4
．
They focus ________ keeping their soil rich and free ________ disease.
5
．
Some organic farmers prefer planting grass ________ crops to prevent wind or water ________ carrying away the soil.
With
to
on
of
between
from
Ⅳ
.Fill in the blanks according to the passage or the given words.
Chemical fertilizers are popular __
1
__ farmers because they stop crop disease and increase __
2
__(produce)
．
Recently, however
，
scientists __
3
__(find)that long
term use of them can cause damage __
4
__the land and even to people
’
s health.
Now
，
some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn __
5
__organic farming.Organic farming is to grow crops with natural but not chemical fertilizers.
Organic farmers focus __
6
__ keeping their soil rich and free __
7
__ disease.In order to keep the soil fertile
，
they often change the kind of crop in each field __
8
__ few years
，
or plant crops to use different levels of soil
，
or plant grass between crops to prevent wind or water __
9
__(carry)away the soil.These methods have the same goal
：
to grow good food and avoid __
10
__(damage)the environment or people
’
s health.
答案：
1.with
2.production
3.have been finding
4.to
5.to
6.on
7.from/of
8.every
9.(from)carrying
10.damaging
词汇
1
These chemicals in the food supply
build up
in people
’
s bodies over time.
随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。
◎
build up
逐渐增强；建立，开发
写出
build up
在下列各句中的不同含义
①
All the pressure
built up
and he has been off work for weeks.( )
②
Let
’
s take the responsibility to
build up
a low
carbon city by riding bicycles.( )
③
In view of the present situation
，
we have to
build up
other industries.( )
逐渐加大
/
增强
建立
开发
build(oneself) up to sth.
为
……
做准备
build oneself up
增强体质
build up a fame
建立名声
build up one
’
s health/body
增进健康
④
You must
build yourself up
after your illness.
患病之后，你必须增强体质。
⑤
I
’
m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually ___________.
看到你的词汇量在逐渐增加，我很高兴。
[
名师点津
]
build up
(
＝
form steadily
)
意为
“
逐步建立；逐步形成
”
，如
build up one
’
s strength
(
增强体力
)
。
build
还指
“
建筑；建造
”
，如
build a house
(
建房子
)
。
building up
◎
lead to
导致；造成
(
后果
)
；通向
①
Too much work and too little rest often
lead to
illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息经常会引发疾病。
词汇
2
Many of these chemicals can
lead to
cancer or other illnesses.
很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。
lead a
．
..life
过
……
的生活
lead...to
/into...
把
……
领到
/
领进
……
lead sb.to do...
使某人做
……
lead the way
引路；带路
②
Although he is very famous
，
he _________________.
尽管他很有名，但是他过着简朴的生活。
③
She _________________ that she had a lot of influence.
她使我相信她很有权势。
[
名师点津
]
lead to
中的
to
是介词，后面应该接名词或动名词作宾语。与
result in
，
bring about
同义，意为
“
导致
”
。
leads a simple life
led me to believe
He
led the way
，
and
led us to
a village of Tibet.There we found the local people
led a happy life.
他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。
◎
focus on
集中
(
注意力、精力等
)
于
①
I am too tired to
focus on
anything.
我太累了，不能集中精力了。
词汇
3
They
focus on
keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。
(1)focus one
’
s attention
/thoughts/
minds/eyes on...
集中注意力
/
精力
/
思想
/
目光于
……
(2)bring/throw sth.into focus
使某物明朗化；使某物突出
the focus of attention
关注的焦点
②
Please ____________________ the following problem.
请把注意力集中在下面的问题上。
③
All our eyes
were focused on
the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
[
名师点津
]
表示
“
集中注意力于
……”
的短语还有：
①
pay attention to sth.
②
put one
’
s heart into sth.
③
fix one
’
s attention on sth.
focus your attention on
◎
reduce
vt.
减少；减缩
①
It
reduces
the risks of heart disease.
这降低了患心脏病的风险。
词汇
4
A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。
(1)reduce...by...
把
……
减少了
……
reduce...to...
把
……
降到
……
reduce...from...to...
把
……
从
……
减少到
……
reduce the speed
降低速度
(2)be reduced to
陷入某种境地
(3)reduction
n
．减少；缩小
②
With great effort
，
she has
reduced
her weight ________ five kilograms in the past 7 days.
经过很大的努力，她在过去的七天里体重轻了
5
千克。
③
She ________________ begging for a living.
她被迫沦落至乞讨为生。
by
was reduced to
[
名师点津
]
reduce
”
减少
”
的近义词是
decrease
，反义词是
increase
，
rise(
增加
)
。这三个词与
reduce
用法一样，后可接
“
to...
”
表示增减的结果，接
by...
表示增减的幅度。
④
Their salary has been
increased by
20 percent since last year.
自去年以来，他们的工资已经增长了
20%
。
◎
keep...free from/of
使
……
免受
(
影响、伤害等
)
；使
……
不含
(
有害物
)
①
You
’
d better
keep
this area
free of
air pollution.
你们最好让这个地区免受空气污染。
词汇
5
This also keeps the air
，
soil
，
water and crops
free from
chemicals.
这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
be free from/of
无
……
的
be free to do sth.
自由地做
……
free sb.
/sth. of/
from sth.
使某人
/
某物摆脱
/
除去
……
②
No human being can ______________ mistakes.
是人总是免不了犯错误。
③
These exercises help ______
the body
__________
tension.
这些锻炼可使紧张的身体放松。
be free from/of
free
from/of
◎
comment
n
.
评论；议论
vt.
&
vi.
表达意见；作出评论
①
Don
’
t offer
comments
if you cannot understand the real meaning.
如果你不能真正理解它的意义，请不要乱提意见。
词汇
6
Swap summaries with your partner and give each other
comments.
和你的搭档交换摘要并互作评论。
(1)make comments on
/upon/
about sth.
评论某事
without comment
不必多说
no comment
无可奉告
(2)comment on...
对
……
发表评论
comment that...
评论说
……
②
She
made
helpful
comments on/upon
my work.
她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。
③
－
Can you say something about the present situation?
你能对当前的形势说说自己的看法吗？
－
Sorry
，
___________
！
对不起，无可奉告！
no comment
④
People were always __________________ my sister
’
s looks.
人们总是对我妹妹的容貌评头论足。
⑤
He
commented that
he thought it was time for us to go home.
他发表意见说到我们回家的时间了。
commenting on/upon
句型
1
Recently
，
however
，
scientists
have been finding
that long
term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and
，
even more dangerous
，
to people
’
s health.
然而，最近科学家们发现长期使用这些肥料会使土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
[
句式剖析
]
(1)
这是个主从复合句，
that
引导的宾语从句作谓语动词
find
的宾语。
(2)have been finding
是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。
①
He
has been painting
the rooms of his new apartment all day.
他一整天都在为他新公寓的房间刷漆。
②
Because of illness
，
he _______________in bed all day.
由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。
③
They _________________ the bridge for two months.
两个月来他们一直在建桥。
has been lying
have been building
[
名师点津
]
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：
用法
例句
区别一
现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性
I have been thinking
it over.
我一直在考虑这件事。
现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果
I
have thought
it over.
我已经考虑过这件事了。
用法
例句
区别二
现在完成进行时表示动作的反复
Have
you
been meeting
him recently
？你最近经常见他吗？
现在完成时不表示动作的反复
Have
you
met
him recently
？你最近见过他吗？
区别三
现在完成进行时常带有感情色彩
I
have been waiting
for you for three hours.
我已等了你三个小时。
(
暗含不满的语气
)
现在完成时不带有感情色彩
I
have waited
for you for three hours.
我已等了你三个小时。
(
说明一个事实
)
句型
2
Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil
，
making it ready
for crops such as wheat or corn
that
need rich and fertile soil.
像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。
[
句式剖析
]
(1)
此句为主从复合句。句中含有
that
引导的定语从句，修饰先行词
crops
，并且
that
在从句中充当主语。
(2)
句中
“
making it ready...
”
为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语，描述谓语动作发生后所带来的一种自然而然的结果。
①
The snow lasted a week
，
resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。
②
His parents died early
，
___________________.
他的父母早亡，他成了孤儿。
[
名师点津
]
(1)
现在分词作结果状语时，表示一个自然而然的结果；
(2)
不定式在句中作结果状语时常与
only
连用，表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果。
leaving him an orphan
③
Their car was caught in a traffic jam
，
thus causing
the delay.
他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
④
He lifted a stone ____________ it on his own feet.
他搬起石头，却砸了自己的脚。
only to drop
Unit
2
Exercise
3
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