莎士比亚论文
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莎士比亚论文

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时间:2022-03-17

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天津商业大学学期论文莎士比亚戏剧的艺术特色和思想特征分析AnalyzetheartisticfeaturesandideologicalcharacteristicsofShakespeare’splays二级学院:外国语学院教学系:英语系专业班级:英语双学位11-2学生姓名:指导教师:2014年1月6日 ContentsAbstract(inEnglish)IAbstract(inChinese)II1.Artisticfeatures11.1StylisticFeatures11.2Rhetoric11.2.1Pun11.2.2Oxymoron1.3Vocabulary1.3.1Borrow1.3.2Transformation23332.Ideologicalcharacteristics43.Conclusion4Workscited6 AbstractWilliamShakespeareisoneoftheworld'smostfamousplaywrightandpoet,oneofthefoundersofworldliteraturerealism.Withhisvividcharacterization,well-organizedstructure,excitingplot,andthebeautifulandworldfamouspicturesquelanguage.Shakespeare'sdramaticartfeatures,ishighlybalanceduniquecombinationoffantasyandreality,theperfectunityofthoughtandpassion,SenseandSensibility. AlthoughtheideaofShakespearecan’texceedthescopeofbourgeoishumanism,hisworksreflectthespiritofthetimes,exposinganumberofthingsthatareessentialaspectsofliteraturereacheditspeakatthetime,occupiedaveryimportantpositioninthehistoryofEuropeanandworldculture.Shakespeareinthereflectionofreallife,butalsobytheadvancedageoftheidealinspiredbyShakespeare,realismandromanticismoftenportrayedtotallyWritingintegration,broadlyreflectedthestyleofBritishsociety,providesuswithaamplitudewascompletepictureofBritishsocialrealism,expressingprofoundideologicalcontentandspiritualdepth.Keywords:Shakespeare’splays;artisticfeatures;ideologicalcharacteristicsI 摘要威廉·莎士比亚是世界上最有名的戏剧作家和诗人之一,世界文学中现实主义的奠基者之一。在世界的很多地方,人们尊奉他为迄今为止最伟大的剧作家。他以其鲜明生动的人物塑造、精心组织的结构、扣人心弦的情节、和优美如画的语言而闻名天下。莎士比亚的戏剧艺术特点,是幻想与真实的巧妙结合,思想与激情的完美统一,理智与情感的高度平衡。尽管莎士比亚的思想不可能超出资产阶级人道主义的范畴,他的作品在反映时代精神,揭露若干事物本质方面则达到了当时文学的高峰,在欧洲和世界文化史上占着极为重要的地位。莎士比亚在反映生活的真实时,又受到时代的先进理想的鼓舞,莎剧中,现实主义描绘往往与浪漫主义的抒写浑然融合,广泛地反映了当时英国的社会风貌,为我们提供了一幅当时英国社会的完整的现实主义图画,他的语言异常凝丽,充满激情,内涵也无比的丰富,善于把握人物心理特征,刻画鲜明的个性,表达深刻的思想内容和精神深度。这里,我们主要就莎士比亚戏剧的艺术特色和思想特征进行分析。(空一行)关键词:莎士比亚戏剧;艺术特色;思想特征I 1Artisticfeatures1.1StylisticfeaturesShakespearewasamasteroftheEnglishlanguage,hisuseofEnglishissoeasy.Shakespeare'splaysportraytheimageofhundredsofindividualobjects,theself-kings,queens,princes,downtothethieves,clowns,gravedigger. Eachcharacterhasitsowncharacteristiclanguage,essentiallyallofthewordsaresuitablefortheidentityofthecharacters,andeveryonetalkingisnotthesameondifferentoccasions.Shakespearesometimesuseanelegantformallanguagebecausethespeakerfromtheupperclassandisinformaloccasions,sometimesthereareevenlowerbanterfromthecommunitytouseslang,sometimesevenattheexpenseoftaboo,whichistoadaptthegeneralaudienceentertainmenttastes. SoitisunderstandablewhyHamletgravediggerlanguageanddistinctlanguage. Inthescript,wecanfindmanysimilarexamples,suchasPortiaandShylock,HenryIVandFallstafo,thisspecialfertilizer"Knight"acertainsenseofhumorandmischieftohisreadersandviewerstoleaveimpressed.1.2.RhetoricSomecriticshaveconcludedonthebasisoftheirstatistics:AlmostalloftherhetoricofShakespeareinhisworksskillfullyused,theserhetoricaldevicesgreatlyincreasethebeautyofhisworktodescribevividandpowerful,thought-provoking herewewilldiscusssomecommentatorswritemuch,butthewriterhasusedmorefrequentrhetorical.1.2.1PunAccordingtoroughstatistics,inShakespeare'ssonnetsandplays,5 about3,000casesoftheuseofthepunpractices. Shakespearepunsoftspotinalmosteverytheaterintheuseofboth.WANGYuin"EnglishRhetoricandWriting"todefineitas:AccordingtothesoundsofwordswhichsoundthesameordifferentandcleveruseofwordsmeaningaWordofWisdom. Shakespeareoftenbasedondifferentmeaningsofwordstocreatehumorcomiceffect. Suchas:King:butnow,mycousinHamlet,andmysun.Hamlet:(aside)alittlemorethankinandlessthankind.King:Howisitthatthecloudsstillhangonyou?Hamlet:Notso,mylord. I'mtoomuchI'mthesun.(----Hamlet,ActI,SceneII)IfyoureadorwatchverycarefullyShakespeare'splays,suchexamplesabound.1.2.2OxymoronOxymoronisacontradictionintermstothesurfacetogethertoproduceafableepigrameffect. That"somewordsofShakespeareoftenconflictingputtogethertoexpressverycomplexfeelingscharacterssuchas:Oh,serpentheart,hidwithafloweringface!DideverdragonkeepsofairaCave?Beautifultyrant!Fiendangelical!Pigeon-feather'sraven!Wolfishraveninglamb!Despisedsubstanceofsaintlyshow!Justoppositewhatthoughjustlyseemsadammedsaint,anhonorablevillain!5 (RomeoandJuliet,ActIII,SceneII)HereisaccidentallykilledwhenRomeo'scousinJuliusbrawl,Juliussaidpassage. Theauthorsaresomanyconflictingwordstogether,vividexpressionofJuliuswasherloverlove-hatefeelings.1.3Vocabulary16th-centuryEnglishwasinbigchanges.Itquotedsomefreshdynamicvocabularyfrommanylanguages. ThesyntaxoftheEnglishlanguageisalsoaffectedbytheseforeignlanguagetosomeextent,forexample,fewerinflectedendings;Englishtoanalyticaldirection. Inthecourseofthisdevelopmenttowel,Shakespeareplayedhisrole,byborrowing,synthesis,transformation,andfictionandothertechniqueshavegreatlyenrichedtheEnglishvocabulary.1.3.1BorrowShakespeareborrowedmanywordsfromLatin,Greek,French,German,ItalianandSpanish. Thefollowinginterviewciteafewexamples:I'mMisantropos,andhatemankind.(TimbonofActIV,SceneIII)"Misantropos"inthissentencefromtheGreekword,referringtothepeoplewhohateeveryone.1.3.2TransformationShakespeareoftentransformspeech,asin"Hamlet",thereissuchasentence:Themusicmadsme,letitsoundnomore. Inthissentencetoweloriginallyadjective"mad"transformedintoaverb.5 2.IdeologicalcharacteristicsShakespeare'sdramaticartfeatures,ishighlybalanceduniquecombinationoffantasyandreality,theperfectunityofthoughtandpassion,SenseandSensibility. AlthoughtheideaofShakespearecannotexceedthescopeofbourgeoishumanism,hisworksreflectthespiritofthetimes,exposinganumberofthingsthatareessentialaspectsofliteraturereacheditspeakatthetime,occupiedaveryimportantpositioninthehistoryofEuropeanandworldculture. ShakespearecanFeelingconfusedanddeeplymelancholymood,andexpressedverymoving. Butpoetryinself-pity,sorrowmemoriesofthepastaftertheywentontothepoet,byreasonthinkofanobjectexpressedoptimismhopesofaconfidenceandjoy.Shakespeareinthereflectionofreallife,butalsobytheadvancedageoftheidealInspiredbyShakespeare,realismandromanticismoftenportrayedtotallywritingintegration,broadlyreflectedthestyleofBritishsociety,providesuswithaamplitudewascompletepictureofBritishsocialrealism,andhislanguagecoagulationabnormalities,passionate,extremelyrichconnotation,goodgraspofthepsychologicalcharacteristicsofthecharacters,portrayadistinctpersonality,expressingprofoundideologicalcontentandspiritualdepth3.ConclusionNoonewoulddenythatShakespearewasamasteroftheEnglishlanguage,hisownactionshavegreatlyenrichedtheEnglishvocabulary. At5 thetimeofsocialupheavalandEnglishlanguageatthetime,Shakespeareasagreatwriter,respondedpositivelytothecallofthetimesandsociety,andtotheirownefforts,inthisperiodofchange,hasmadeitsowncontribution.Hisinfluenceisfar-reaching,beyondtimeandspace,Hedoesnotbelongtoanera,butbelongsforever.5 Workscited[1]《莎士比亚研究》,1981,创刊号序言M,浙江:浙江文艺出版社。[2]程孟辉,1994,《西方悲剧学说史》M中国人民大学出版社,第329页5

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