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课时提能练(二十七)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·福建泉州质检，C)When my grandmother died at the age of 96, there
were two things she left behind in abundance－nearly 100 photo albums documenting
decades of travel and home life, and a dozen quilts, one of which my mother gave
me.
Quilting is the process of sewing together fabric(布料) to make one large piece
of fabric. In my family, quilting and sewing is a tradition that has been passed
down through the generations. My mother says her greatgrandmother would
occasionally travel around New York State to sew clothing for other families.
In the United States, quilting was a craft (手艺) that started as a necessity
and eventually became much more. In 1862，the US government offered millions
of acres of land to Americans who wanted to move west. This allowed families
to settle on land that they could eventually own. They often built their own homes
and lived off the vegetables in their gardens and the livestock they had. Sewing
was very important to women because they were responsible for clothing their
families and keeping them warm.
Quilting also became a chance for women to socialize with each other. They
would gather for socalled “quilting bees”，where they would meet up and work
on one quilting project together.This provided a muchneeded relief from the lonely
life of living on a large piece of land.
Throughout history, the different patterns on American quilts have conveyed
all kinds of information. From them, we can tell where a person lived and what
region of the world they originated from, or sometimes a story is told in pictures
on a quilt.
Even today, women still gather to quilt together in a show of friendship and
a love of the craft, just like the old days.My sister has tried quilting a few times,
and hopefully, her two daughters may one day continue this family tradition.
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【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。绗缝，我们俗称“缝被子”。绗缝这种手艺
一开始只是生活所需，后来却变得愈发重要。它不仅能为人们日常所用，也是旧
时美国妇女聚会社交的一大活动。如今，绗缝手艺离现代生活似乎已渐行渐远，
殊不知，密密麻麻的针脚缝合的不仅仅是被子，也是历史走过的印记。
1．What do we know about quilting?
A．It is a lost traditional craft.
B．It is a major means of making a living in the USA.
C．It is a craft that has become a cultural symbol.
D．It is a way to carry on the American history.
C [细节理解题。本题题干意为：对于绗缝我们知道什么？根据倒数第二
段(纵观历史，不同样式的美国被子传递着不同的信息。从被子那里，我们可以
辨别人的住处，他们来自世界的哪个地区，有时被子上的图案还隐藏着一个故事)
可知，绗缝手艺已成了一种文化象征，故答案为 C 项。A：它是已经失去的传统
手艺；B：它是在美国谋生的主要方式；D：它是延续美国历史的一种方式。]
2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?
A．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
B．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．Add some background information.
D．Praise the US government's policy.
C [推理判断题。本题题干意为：作者在第三段想做什么？第三段介绍了
在美国出现绗缝这门手艺的社会背景，故答案为 C 项(增加一些背景信息)。A：
引入一个新的讨论话题；B：总结前面的段落；D：表扬美国政府的政策。]
3．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Working on the land.
B．Participating in “quilting bees”．
C．Designing a quilting project.
D．Clothing the family.
B [词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第四段中的画线词“This”指的是什么？
根据逻辑可推知 This 指的是上句中的“quilting bees”，故答案为 B 项。A：在
土地上劳作；C：设计一个绗缝项目；D：为家人做衣服。]
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4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To instruct how to sew together fabric.
B．To show the author's skills of quilting.
C．To tell about the struggle of women.
D．To appeal for preservation of quilting.
D [写作意图题。本题题干意为：作者写此文的目的是什么？根据全文尤
其是最后一段最后一句可推知，作者写此文是为了呼吁保护绗缝这一传统文化，
故答案为 D 项。A：指导如何将布料缝在一起；B：展示作者的绗缝技术；C：
讲述妇女的奋斗历程。]
B
Chinese Festival
As an ancient country，China has various festivals in all.
The Spring Festival
In the evening before the Spring Festival, the family get together to have a
big meal. Dumplings are the most traditional food. Besides delicious food and new
clothes, children also get lucky money from their parents. People also put Chinese
New Year scrolls(春联) on the wall for good fortune.
The Lantern (灯笼) Festival
During this festival, there is special food, called “tang yuan”， which is
said to symbolize both the first full moon and family completeness.Part of the lantern
festival tradition involves a game to guess riddles attached to the lantern.
Stiltwalking( 踩 高 跷 ) ， drumming, dragon and lion dancing are the main
entertainment forms of the Lantern Festival.
The Duanwu Festival
Also called the Dragon Boat Festival，it is to commemorate (纪念) the patriotic
(爱国的) poet Qu Yuan, a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace
and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result
of being vilified(污蔑，诽谤)．
The Double Seventh Festival
On the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, there is a traditional festival full of
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romance. It celebrates the annual meeting of Niu Lang (Cowherd) and Zhi
nü(Weaver Maid). In recent years, in particular, urban youths have celebrated it
as Valentine's Day (情人节) in China.
The MidAutumn Festival
It is a conventional festival for both the Han and minority nationalities in China.
The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back to the ancient Xia and
Shang Dynasties. The MidAutumn Festival is also a holiday for members of a
family to get together.
The Double Ninth Festival
On the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar, people
celebrate the Double Ninth Festival. Later，the tradition develops into the custom
of climbing the mountains and eating doubleninth cakes，which means that our
life will become better and better.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最典型的几个传统节日：
春节、元宵节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节和重阳节。
5．Which is not involved in the entertainments of the Lantern Festival?
A．Stiltwalking.
B．Dragon dancing.
C．Guessing riddles.
D．Delicious food and lucky money.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知 A、B、C 项都被包括在内。D
项中的 food 虽然也涉及，但是 lucky money 却是春节才有的。故选 D。]
6．Which of the following tells about a Chinese ancestor who is the symbol
of devotees to his homeland?
A．The Spring Festival.
B．The Duanwu Festival.
C．The Double Seventh Festival.
D．The Double Ninth Festival.
B [推理判断题。通读第四段对屈原的介绍可知，屈原与本题中的“the
symbol of devotees to his homeland”指代一致。故选 B。]
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7．What aspect is the MidAutumn Festival unique in?
A．Families' getting together.
B．A festival of Han nationality.
C．Worshipping the moon.
D．Symbolizing the full moon.
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“The custom of worshipping the
moon...”可知，中秋节崇拜月亮的习俗渊源久远。比较其他节日，都没有这个习
俗，故选 C。A 项在春节中也有体现；B 项定义错误，因为倒数第二段第一句提
到少数民族也过中秋节；D 项在介绍元宵节的段落中被提到：汤圆据说是新年第
一个元月的象征。]
C
(2019·广东梅州质检，B)Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department
of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients(接受者)
of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at
the time. They published this Nobelwinning research in 1985 when Strickland was
a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York State.Together they paved
the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel
Prize in physics. She and her fellow winners were honoured for what the Nobel
Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland
devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of
eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.
－“How surprising do you think it is that you're the third woman to win
this prize？”
－“Well, that is surprising, isn't it? I think that's the story of Maria that
people want to talk about－that why should it take 60 years? There are so many
women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get
recognised？”
Physics still has been one of the largest gender gaps in science. One recent
study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until
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there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win a physics Nobel was Germanborn Maria
GoeppertMayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was
Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year's
winners hope that breaking this halfcentury hiatus will mean the focus in future
will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。Donna Strickland 成为历史上第三位诺贝尔
物理学奖获得者。与男性相比，能获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性科学家少之又少，
作者希望在未来打破这种传统，给更多的女性科学家获奖机会。
8．Which of the following best explains “groundbreaking” underlined in
Paragraph 2?
A．Massive. B．Pessimistic.
C．Innovative. D．Outstanding.
C [词义猜测题。本题题干意为：下列中的哪一项最好地诠释第二段中画
线词“groundbreaking”？根据画线词后面的句子“Professor Strickland devised a
way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools.Millions of eye operations
are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.”可推知画线词的
意思是“开创性的”，故答案为 C 项(创新的)。massive 大量的；pessimistic 悲
观的；outstanding 杰出的。]
9．What do we know about Professor Strickland's achievement?
A．She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.
B．She advocated equality between men and women.
C．She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.
D．She invented a way of using lasers as accurate cutting tools.
D [细节理解题。本题题干意为：我们对 Strickland 教授的成就了解什么？
根据第二段中“Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise
drilling or cutting tools.”(Strickland 教授发明了把激光作为非常精确的钻孔或
切削工具的方法。)可知答案为 D 项。]
10．When was the second Nobel Prize in physics awarded to women?
A．In 1963. B．In 1985.
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C．In 1903. D．In 1958.
A [细节理解题。本题题干意为：第二个诺贝尔物理学奖颁发给女性是什
么时候？根据最后一段可知，居里夫人是第一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性，时
间是 1903 年。再根据最后一段第一句可知，Maria GoeppertMayer 是继居里夫
人之后的第二位诺贝尔物理学奖女性获得者。根据第四段中“I think that's the
story of Maria that people want to talk about－that why should it take 60 years？”
可知，Maria 获奖的时间是在居里夫人获奖后 60 年，即 1963 年，故答案为 A 项。]
11．What can be inferred from the statements in Paragraph 4?
A．Women's achievements in physics are as great as men's.
B．Women's achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.
C．Maria's discoveries resulted from her longtime research.
D．Gender discrimination still exists in the field of science research.
D [推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第四段的陈述中可推断出什么？第四
段中 Strickland 表达了对科研领域仍然存在性别歧视这一现象的不满，故答案为
D 项。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·北京朝阳区联考)
Procrastination(拖延症) Tech Support
Choosing between immediate satisfaction and future benefit can easily lead to
shortsighted decisions: Watching TV instead of going to the gym, for example,
or going through social media rather than working on a challenging project. 1
To guide individuals toward greatest choices, Falk Lieder, a cognitive(认
知) scientist, and his colleagues designed a digital tool called a “cognitive
prosthesis”. It uses artificial intelligence to match a decision's immediate reward
with its longterm worth after making a todo list. The researchers developed a
set of models and algorithms(算法) that consider various elements such as a list
of tasks, an individual's unwillingness to each and the amount of time available.
2 It helps to encourage that person to complete them all.
The idea was to turn the challenging projects that people pursue in the real
world into a game like environment. “The point system gives people achievable
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goals that signal that they're making progress.” Lieder says.
3 The results, published online in August in Nature Human Behavior,
revealed that the AI support system helped people make better, faster decisions
and procrastinate less－and it made them more likely to complete all the assigned
tasks. In one experiment, in which the researchers presented 120 participants with
a list of several writing assignments. 4 However, the rate was only 56 percent
for those not using it.
Lieder says one of the current tool's limitations is that it can handle only short
todo lists. 5 At the same time, they are working with a company called
Complice to integrate the tool into an existing todo list app. The researchers also
plan to run field experiments to see how well their cognitive prosthesis succeed
in the real world.
A．People often struggle to do what's best for them in the long run.
B．The team tested this tool in a series of experiments with human subjects.
C．The system then assigns reward points to each task in a way that is
customized.
D．And now, he and his team are trying to develop it up for a larger number
of tasks.
E．They found that 85 percent of individuals who used the tool completed
all their tasks.
F．A study was conducted to find a way to help people increase their
decisionmaking ability.
G．This tool is a convincing demonstration that procrastination is something
that this strategy can help with quite a lot.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章中介绍了一种人工智能支持系统能
帮助人们做出更好、更快的决策，减少拖延，使得他们更有可能完成任务。
1．A [根据上文“Watching TV instead of going to the gym, for example,
or going through social media rather than working on a challenging project.(看
电视而不是去健身房，或者通过社交媒体而不是从事一个有挑战性的项目)”可
知，A 选项能承接上文内容，从长远来看，人们更愿意选择对自己最好的事情去
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做，故选 A。]
2 ． C [ 根 据 上 文 的 “The researchers developed a set of models and
algorithms(算法) that consider various elements such as a list of tasks, an
individual's unwillingness to each and the amount of time available.(研究人员
开发了一套模型和算法，这些模型和算法考虑了各种因素，比如任务列表、个人
不愿做的事情以及可用的时间)”可知，C 选项(然后系统以自定义的方式为每个
任务分配奖励点)承接上文内容，then 说明了时间顺序，选项中的 task 和前文的
tasks 相呼应，reward points(奖励点)有助于鼓励人们完成任务。故选 C。]
3．B [根据下文的“The results, published online in August in Nature Human
Behavior, revealed that the AI support system helped people make better, faster
decisions and procrastinate less－and it made them more likely to complete all the
assigned tasks.(今年 8 月发表在《自然人类行为》杂志网络版上的研究结果显
示，人工智能支持系统帮助人们做出更好、更快的决策，减少了拖延，而且还让
他们更有可能完成所有分配的任务)”句中的 the results 的结果是特指的，可推
知 B 选项(这个团队在一系列的人体实验中测试了这个工具并得出结果)中可承
接下文内容，故选 B。]
4．E [根据上下文可知，E 选项中的 they 指代前文的 researchers，且选项
中 tasks 和前文 assignments 相呼应，选项中 who used the tool 和下文的“those not
using it”相呼应，且语义(他们发现 85%使用该工具的人完成了所有的任务)承接
上下文，故选 E。]
5．D [根据上下文可知，D 选项中的 he 指代前文的 Lieder，且选项中 a larger
number of tasks 和 short todo lists 相呼应，且语义(现在，他和他的团队正在努
力开发更多的任务)承接上下文，故选 D。]
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