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主题语境(二) 优秀品行，正确的人生态
度，公民义务与社会责任(2)
阅读理解
A (2020·浙江 1 月卷·C)
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for
success is persistence( 毅 力 ) ， a characteristic that researchers say is heavily
influenced by fathers.Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that
fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura PadillaWalker and Randal Day arrived at these findings
after following 325 American families over several years. And over time ， the
persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers ，”
PadillaWalker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as
persistence－which can be taught－are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative ”
parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian：rigid，demanding or
controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following
characteristics：children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the
reasons behind rules are stressed ； children are given an appropriate level of
autonomy(自主权)．
In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited aboveaverage levels of
authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time ， children raised by an
authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads
to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14yearolds living in twoparent homes.
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Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the
benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了父亲在子女教育方面的作
用和重要性。
1．What is special about the BYU professors' study?
A．It centered on fathers' role in parenting.
B．It was based on a number of large families.
C．It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D．It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
A [推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Researchers from Brigham Young
University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent
children learn persistence.”可推断，该研究关注父亲在教育子女坚持方面的独特
作用和地位。故答案为 A 项。]
2．What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A．Ignore their demands.
B．Make decisions for them.
C．Control their behaviors.
D．Explain the rules to them.
D [推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“Authoritative parenting...Rather，an
authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children
feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are
stressed”可推断，真正的权威式父亲不是“独裁式”的，而是给孩子讲规则、
讲道理的。此处特别要注意文章中的“the reasons behind rules are stressed”与 D
项属于同义替换。所以答案为 D 项。]
3．Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A．Single parents.
B．Children aged from 11 to 14.
C．Authoritarian fathers.
D．Mothers in twoparent homes.
A [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“that single parents still may play a
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role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research”可
知，未来的研究将会更多关注到单亲父母在教导坚持的益处方面的作用。因此选
A 项。]
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B．Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C．Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D．Family Relationship Influences School Performance
C [标题判断题。根据文章第一段的“Researchers from Brigham Young
University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent
children learn persistence.”可知，本文主要围绕父亲的家教作用来展开，提出父
亲对孩子坚持的品质的培养有特别的影响。故 C 项能够很好地概括全文。]
B (2018·全国卷Ⅲ·D)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often
assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings ？ The good
news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate
lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts ， our daughter Georgia did
decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for
her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often
used when we promised to put the money into her school fund( 基 金 ) (our
kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．
For weeks，I've been thinking of bigger，deeper questions：How do we make it
a habit for them？And how do we train ourselves to help them live with，need，and
use less？Yesterday，I sat with my son，Shepherd，determined to test my own theory
on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his
interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes，ten
minutes，max. I chose a red rubber ball － simple，universally available. We passed
it，he tried to put it in his mouth，he tried bouncing it，rolling it，sitting on it，throwing
it.It was totally，completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and
it was time to move on to lunch.
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We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full
attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for
both of us.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过引导孩子主动捐献或变卖
玩具以及与儿子玩球的事例说明了简单物品能够使我们获得快乐。
5．What do the words “more is more” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more，the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money，more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
A [词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，成年人明白到处堆满物品是什么感
觉，但当提及孩子和他们的物品时，为什么我们总是认为越多越好呢？故选 A
项。B 项“Enough is enough”意为：够了，行了，适可而止。C 项“More money，
more worries”意为：钱多烦恼多。D 项“Earn more and spend more”意为：挣得
多花得多。]
6．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A．Saving up for her holiday.
B．Raising money for a poor girl.
C．Adding the money to her fund.
D．Giving the money to a sick mother.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She chose to sell a few larger objects that
were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)”
可知，当我们承诺卖玩具所得的钱将存入她的上学基金时，女儿就挑选了一些平
时不经常玩的较大玩具卖了。]
7．Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A．To try out an idea.
B．To show a parent's love.
C．To train his attention.
D．To help him start a hobby.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yesterday，I sat with my son，Shepherd，
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determined to test my own theory on this.”可知作者与儿子进行球类游戏的目的是
验证自己的想法，故选 A。]
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Take It or Leave It
B．A Lesson from Kids
C．Live More with Less
D．The Pleasure of Giving
C [标题判断题。全文围绕“Live More with Less”提出论点，逐层展开论
述，最后得出论点的正确性。A 项“Take It or Leave It”(要么接受，要么放弃)，
文章并未讨论两种非此即彼的选择，故 A 项错误。B 项“A Lesson from Kids”(从
孩子那里获得的教训)属于过度概括。D 项“The Pleasure of Giving”(给予的乐
趣)，属于曲解文意，语篇的重点并非是给予。]
完形填空
A (2020·江苏卷)
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success 1
fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 2 in our lives.
When twelveyearold John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy
day in 1931，he had no 3 of knowing that his life was to change 4 ．The
class experiment that day was to 5 how heating a container of water would
bring air bubbling(冒泡) to the surface. 6 ，the container the teacher gave Wilson
to heat 7 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson
heated it，the container 8 ，leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later，his parents 9
to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 10 their lives.But Wilson did
not regard the accident as 11 ．He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued
his education at Worcester College for the Blind.There，he not only did well as a
student but also became a(n) 12 public speaker.
Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered from 13 for lack
of proper treatment.For him，it was one thing to 14 his own fate of being blind
and quite another to allow something to continue 15 it could be fixed so
easily.This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see
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because of the 16 Wilson made to preventing the 17 ．
Wilson received several international 18 for his great contributions. He lost
his sight but found a 19 . He proved that it's not what happens to us that 20
our lives－it's what we make of what happens.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，化学课上老师给错实验试剂引发爆炸，
导致 Wilson 失明。但他并没有气馁和颓废，很快学会了盲文，并且到非洲有很
多盲人的地区工作。
1．A.depends B．holds C．keeps D．reflects
A [根据语境可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生的事
情的看法。depend on 为固定搭配，意为“取决于；依靠”，故选 A。]
2．A.dilemmas B．accidents
C．events D．steps
C [根据空后的“in our lives”并结合常识可知，该处指“在生活中所发生
的事情”。故选 C。]
3．A.way B．hope
C．plan D．measure
A [根据语境可知，他不知道他的人生将会彻底改变。故选 A。]
4．A.continually B．gradually
C．gracefully D．completely
D [根据下文内容可知，一场事故导致 Wilson 双目失明，所以这场事故彻
底改变了他的人生。故选 D。]
5．A.direct B．show
C．advocate D．declare
B [根据上文的“The class experiment”可知，此处表示“那天的课堂实验
是为了展示……”。故选 B。]
6．A.Anyway B．Moreover
C．Somehow D．Thus
C [根据下文的“held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water”可知，
不知怎么地，老师给 Wilson 的容器里误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选 C。]
7．A.mistakenly B．casually
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C．amazingly D．clumsily
A [参见上题解析。]
8．A.erupted B．exploded
C．emptied D．exposed
B [根据空后的“leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes”可知，容器爆炸了，
这导致 Wilson 双目失明。故选 B。]
9．A.deserved B．attempted
C．cared D．agreed
B [根据空后的“to find a way”可知，两个月后当 Wilson 出院回家后，他
的父母试图找到一种方法来应对这场发生在他们生活中的灾难。attempt to do sth.
为固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，故选 B。]
10．A.submitted to B．catered for
C．impressed on D．happened to
D [参见上题解析。]
11．A.fantastic B．extraordinary
C．impressive D．catastrophic
D [根据上文的“But”和下文对 Wilson 学习盲文并开始积极生活的叙述可
知，Wilson 并不认为这是灾难。故选 D。上文的“catastrophe”亦是提示。]
12．A.accomplished B．crucial
C．specific D．innocent
A [根据上文的“not only did well as a student but also”可知，在那里，他
不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且成了一名出色的公共演说家。故选 A。]
13．A.deafness B．depression
C．blindness D．speechlessness
C [根据下文可知，后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治
疗而失明。故选 C。]
14．A.decide B．abandon
C．control D．accept
D [根据语境可知，对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而当某件事
可以非常容易解决时，却允许它继续下去，则完全是另一回事。故选 D。]
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15．A.until B．when
C．unless D．before
B [参见上题解析。]
16．A.opposition B．adjustments
C．commitment D．limitations
C [根据语境可知，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人可以看见光明是因为 Wilson
做出的奉献。故选 C。]
17．A.preventable B．potential
C．spreadable D．influential
A [根据空前的“preventing”和上文的叙述可知，Wilson 努力地阻止那些
可以被预防的事件发生。故选 A。]
18．A.scholarships B．rewards
C．awards D．bonuses
C [根据空后的“for his great contributions”可知，Wilson 因其巨大的贡献
获得了几个国际奖项。故选 C。]
19．A.fortune B．recipe
C．dream D．vision
D [根据语境可知，他虽然失明了，但找到了“视力”，即可以通过演讲帮
助失明的人实现人生价值。此处 vision 的字面意思为“视力”，与 sight 相对，引
申为“视野，构思，远见卓识”等。故选 D。]
20．A.distinguishes B．determines
C．claims D．limits
B [根据下文的“it's what we make of what happens”可知，他证明了不是
发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情决定了
我们的生活。故选 B。]
B (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Two weeks earlier，my son，Ben，had got in touch.He'd moved to England with
his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 21 seen him.So
imagine my 22 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
I was 23 ！ I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to
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24 ．The bay was 25 in sunshine，and there was a group of kayakers around
150m off the shore.Getting a little 26 ，I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in
27 ．“Something's not 28 ！”I took off my Tshirt and 29 into the
water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He
was 30 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors，I helped 31 the
young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face ，
something 32 to me. Those brown eyes were very 33 ．“What's his
name？”I asked the instructor. “Ben，”he replied，and immediately I 34 ．That
stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance. 35 ，after a brief stay in hospital，
Ben was well enough to be allowed to 36 and later the family met up for
dinner.We chatted about everything and then Ben 37 to me.“I just want to say
thank you，”he said.“You 38 my life！”
I still can't believe what a 39 it was.I'm just so glad I was there 40
to help my son.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲碰巧营救了自己的儿子
的故事。
21．A.also B．often C．even D．last
D [自从作者“上次(last)”见到他的儿子已经过去 13 年了。]
22．A.delight B．relief
C．anger D．worry
A [父子多年没联系，也没见面。得知儿子要来看望他，作者自然是“高兴
(delight)”极了。]
23．A.scared B．shocked
C．thrilled D．ashamed
C [根据语境可知，多年没有见面的儿子要来看望自己，作者自然是感到
“激动的(thrilled)”。]
24．A.talk B．stay
C．meet D．settle
C [作者迫不及待地想见到自己的儿子，所以他早早地到达与儿子“会面
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(meet)”的地方。]
25．A.bathed B．clean
C．deep D．formed
A [海湾“沐浴(bathed)”在阳光下。]
26．A.faster B．closer
C．heavier D．wiser
B [根据常识，“更靠近(closer)”点才能发现皮划艇出了问题。]
27．A.trouble B．advance
C．question D．battle
A [从下文作者救人的描述可知，走近一点，作者发现一只皮划艇遇到了
“麻烦(trouble)”。]
28．A.real B．right
C．fair D．fit
B [根据下文的描述可知选 B。本句跟前一句说的是一回事。something's not
right 意为“某事不对劲”。]
29．A.stared B．sank
C．dived D．fell
C [从下文内容可知，作者要去水中救人，自然要“跳入(dived)”水中。]
30．A.arguing B．fighting
C．shouting D．shaking
D [他在水中猛烈地摇摆(shaking)，以求别人把他拉上去。]
31．A.lead B．persuade
C．carry D．keep
C [这时，作者帮忙把那个年轻人从水里“抬(carry)”了出来。]
32．A.happened B．occurred
C．applied D．appealed
B [他昏迷了，当作者看着他的脸时，突然想到了一些事情。something occurs
to sb.是固定搭配，意为“某人想起某事”。]
33．A.sharp B．pleasant
C．attractive D．familiar
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D [从下文可知，作者救出来的是自己的儿子，父亲对自己的儿子的一些情
况应该是“熟悉的(familiar)”。]
34．A.agreed B．hesitated
C．doubted D．knew
D [当教练说出这个年轻人的名字时，作者马上就“知道(knew)”了一切，
原来那个被救的年轻人就是他的儿子。]
35．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
A [ 康 复 得 很 快 ， 当 然 是 一 件 幸 运 的 事 ， 故 此 处 表 示 “ 幸 运 地
(Fortunately)”。]
36．A.return B．relax
C．speak D．leave
D [经过短暂的住院治疗后，Ben 已经可以“离开(leave)”医院了。]
37．A.joked B．turned
C．listened D．pointed
B [Ben 转过(turned)头来对作者说感谢的话。]
38．A.created B．honored
C．saved D．guided
C [从上文的描述可知，作者“救(saved)”了 Ben 的命。]
39．A.coincidence B．change
C．pity D．pain
A [ 作 者 下 水 救 人 ， 救 出 来 的 竟 然 是 自 己 的 儿 子 ， 真 是 “ 巧 合
(coincidence)”。]
40．A.on board B．in time
C．for sure D．on purpose
B [作者真的很高兴能“及时(in time)”帮助自己的儿子。]
1．characteristic n. 特征；特色
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adj. 典型的；特有的
2．relatively adv. 相对地；相当地
3．parenting n. 育儿
4．rigid adj.严格的；僵硬的；死板的
5．rather adv. (提出不同或相反的观点)相反，反而，而是
6．responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务
7．appropriate adj. 适当的；合适的
8．object n. 物体；物品；东西
9．donate v. 捐赠；捐献
10．choose v. 选择；挑选
11．max n. 最大限度；最大量
12．fundamentally adv. 根本地；从根本上
13．fate n．命运
14．accomplished adj. 技艺高超的；才华高的
15．ambulance n. 救护车
16．bathe v．沐浴；洗澡
17．coincidence n. 巧合
1．prove v. 证明；证实
2．theory n．理论；原理
3．passion n. 激情；热情；酷爱
4．surface n．表面；表层
5．event n. 事件
6．explode v. 爆炸
7．email v. 给……发电子邮件
8．brief adj.简短的；简洁的
9．chat v. 聊天；闲谈
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1．adjust v．调整→adjustment n．调整
2．assume vt.假定；设想→assumption n．设想；假定；担任→assuming conj.
假设
3．simple adj. 简单的；单纯的→simply adv. 简单地；仅仅→simplify v. 简
化；使单纯→simplicity n. 简单(性)；容易(性)；淳朴
4．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj. 宇宙的；普遍的→universally adv.
全体地；一致地
5．experiment v．试验；进行试验 n. 实验→experimental adj. 试验的；实验
性的
6．blind adj. 瞎的；失明的→blindly adv.盲目地；轻率地→blindness n. 失明
7．prevent v. 预防；防止；阻止→prevention n. 预防；妨碍→preventable adj.
可预防的
8．conscious adj. 神志清醒的；有知觉的；有意识的→unconscious adj. 失去
知觉的；昏迷的 →consciousness n. 清醒状态；知觉；觉察
9．familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 →familiarity n. 熟悉；精通
→familiarly adv. 不拘礼节地；亲密地
1．center on 集中于
2．tend to do 往往会做某事
3．be flooded with... 堆满……
4．be supposed to do 理应做某事
5. on board 在船(飞机、火车)上
6．in time 及时
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1 ． His familiarity(familiar) with English makes him have an advantage over
others.
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2．I know you have a passion for traditional Chinese culture, so you had better
not miss the precious chance.
3．He has been living here for a total of 30 years, so he's familiar with every
corner of the area.
4．Mary, rather than you, is (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.
5 ． It is universally (universe)acknowledged that a single woman with brains
deserves to have equal opportunities to men.
6．A large number of people fell unconscious (conscious)because they breathed
in thick smoke.
7．It is high time for us to take measures to prevent the water from being polluted
(pollute)．
8．His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.
9．However, the railway quickly proved to be(be) a great success and within six
months, more than 25，000 people were using it every day.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence－
which can be taught－are key to a child's life success. 关键的；最重要的
2 ． Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative ”
parenting style. 实行；遵循
3．In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited aboveaverage levels of
authoritative parenting. 表现；显示；显出
4．Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching
the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research. 途径；手段；方
法
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1．And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment
Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
[译文] 在非洲和亚洲，数以千万计的人之所以能看见光明正是因为威尔逊
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所做出的努力，阻止了可以被预防的事件的发生。
2．He lost his sight but found a vision.
[译文] 他虽然失明了但却找到了光明(即通过演讲帮助失明的人实现人生
价值)。
Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1 ．She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we
promised to put the money into her school fund.
[分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。when 引导了一个时间状语从句；主句本身
也是一个主从复合句，其中，that 是关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词 objects，
同时，that 在从句中作主语。
[译文] 当我们答应把钱投到她的学校基金里时，她选择了卖掉几个不常用
的大物件。
2．When Wilson heated it，the container exploded，leaving Wilson blinded in both
eyes.
[分析] 本句是主从复合句。when 引导时间状语从句，主句为 the container
exploded。leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes 是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[译文] 当威尔逊给容器加热时，容器爆炸了，使威尔逊的双眼失明了。
3．He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines our lives－it's
what we make of what happens.
[分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。在 that 引导的宾语从句中使用了强调句型
it's ＋被强调部分(not what happens to us)＋ that ＋determines our lives。破折号
后也是一个强调句，省略了 that 之后的部分。
[译文] 他证明了决定我们生活的不是发生在我们身上的事，而是我们如何
看待所发生的事。
4．He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me.
[分析] 这是一个 and 连接的并列复合句。and 前面的句子是简单句，and
之后的是复合句，as 引导的是时间状语从句，主句是 something occurred to me。
[译文] 他昏了过去，我看着他的脸，突然想到了什么。
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1．stress n．压力；重压；强调 vt.着重；强调；重读
(1)lay/put/place stress on sth.把重点放在某事上；强调某事
under stress 在压力之下
under the stress of 为……所迫
(2)stress the importance of...强调……的重要性
(3)stressed adj.焦虑不安的， 感到有压力的
stressful adj.产生压力的； 压力重的；紧张的
relieve stress 缓解压力
suffer from stress 承受压力
emotional/mental stress 感情/思想负担
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①If you feel stressed(stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step
back and identify those of greater and less importance.
②It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and
stressful (stress)society.
③Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。
①Teachers often stress the importance of diligence in the approach to
success.(stress v．)
②Teachers often lay stress on diligence in the approach to success.(stress n．)
2．attention n．注意；关注； 注意力
(1)pay attention to 注意；留意
draw one's attention to 引起某人的注意
fix/focus one's attention on/upon 某人的注意力集中在……
attract/catch one's attention 引起某人的注意
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bring sth.to one's attention 使某人注意某事
turn/direct one's attention to 将某人的注意力转向……
devote one's attention to 专心于……
(2)attentive adj. 注意的；专心的
attentively adv. 聚精会神地；周到地
in need of medical attention 需要医学治疗
to stand at/to attention 立正站着；立正
an attentive audience 一位聚精会神的听众
friendly and attentive staff 友好而周到的工作人员
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①If you attend a dinner party in China, you should pay special attention to your
table manners.
②Recently, the media have been focusing their attention on/upon the rising
housing price.
③Great attention must be paid to developing(develop) welfare, especially in the
poor areas.
[能力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：Because he fixed his attention on his mobile phone, he didn't notice
his headteacher's appearance.
高级表达：With his attention fixed on his mobile phone，he didn't notice his
headteacher's appearance.(with 复合结构)
3．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，吞并；理解，掌握
(1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj.精神集中的
be absorbed in 专心致志于；全神贯注于
(3)absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
be deeply absorbed in work 专注于工作
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absorb new knowledge/information 掌握新知识/新信息
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①When something did interest me, I could become absorbed(absorb)．
②The novel was so absorbing(absorb) that she read on without a break even
forgetting food and sleep.
③When deeply absorbed (absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget
all about eating or sleeping.
[能力提升]－－完成句子/句式升级
①普通表达：Tom was absorbed in(专心致志) watching the basketball match
and he didn't notice his classmate coming up to him.
②高级表达：Absorbed in watching the basketball match，Tom didn't notice his
classmate coming up to him.(分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] be absorbed in sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分
词形式 absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：be lost in...陷入……，专心致志于……；
be caught in...被困在……；be buried in...埋头于……；be devoted to...致力于……，
专心于……；be occupied in/with...忙于……；be involved in...专注于……。
4．deal n．协议；交易；买卖 v．应对；(以某种方式)对付；打交道；论及
(1)It's a deal. 成交/一言为定。
make a deal 达成协议；做成交易
a great deal 大量；非常(修饰不可数名词)
(2)deal with 处理；对付；相处；与……打交道；涉及
do with 处理；对付；安排
benefit a great deal from reading 从读书中受益良多
have various ways to deal with such a situation
有各种各样处理这种情况的方式
[一词多义]－－写出下列句中 deal with 的含义
①He has some unfinshed business to deal with.处理
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②In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant
to deal with.与……做生意
③I must have always known reading was very important because the first
memories I have as a child deal with books.涉及
④His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.与……打
交道
[能力提升]－－一句多译
学校必须教学龄儿童如何应对危险的情况。
①School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.(deal
with)
②School children must be taught what to do with dangerous situations.(do with)
[名师点津] deal with 表示“处理”时，常与连接副词 how 连用。do with
表示“处理”时，常与连接代词 what 连用。
5．contribution n. 贡献；捐献；投稿
(1)make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
(2)contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
contribute to 有助于；促成；为……做贡献
contribute...to/towards...向……捐献……；向……投稿
(3)contributor n．(杂志或书的)投稿人；(会议的)发言人；
捐赠者，促成物
consist in your successful work and your contribution towards others' happiness
存在于你成功的工作和对他人幸福的贡献上
have made a great contribution to education
为教育事业做出了巨大贡献
contribute ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund
向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑
contribute a number of articles to the magazine
给这家杂志投了很多稿
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[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share
their experience and renew their energy.
②It is more meaningful to contribute(contribute) books and sports goods to
children in need.
③Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
[能力提升]－－完成句子/句式升级
①普通表达：He made such a great contribution to (做出如此大的贡献) the
university that the new library was named after him.
②高级表达：Such a great contribution did he make to the university that the new
library was named after him.(倒装句)
6．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
(1)(much) to one's delight 令某人(极其)高兴的是
with/in delight 高兴地
(2)delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的
be delighted at/with/by 对……高兴
be delighted to do...很高兴做……
(3)delightful adj. 使人快乐的；令人愉快的；宜人的
scream in/with delight 高兴得尖叫
take delight in helping others 以助人为乐
delight audiences with his humour 用幽默让观众开心
a delighted look 高兴的神情
a feeling of pure delight 十分高兴的心情
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①I cannot tell you how delighted(delight) I was with the beautiful birthday
present you gave me.
②When I heard of the delightful (delight) news that my brother had passed the
driving test，I felt very pleased.
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③I am delighted to inform (inform)you that this year's music festival will be
held shortly.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。
①To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening
ceremony.(delight n．)
②What delighted me was that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to
attend the opening ceremony.(delight v．)
Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
不知不觉，一个小时过去了，该去吃午饭了。
[句型公式] before 引导的时间状语从句，句中 before I knew it 意为“不知
不觉”。
(1)before 作连词引导时间状语从句时，在句中的译法很灵活，通常有以下含
义：在……之前；……之后才……；不多久就……。
(2)It was/will be＋时间段＋before... 多长时间后就/才……。
It will not be/was not ＋时间段＋before... 不久就……。
[金句推送] It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what
my parents had done for me.
我花了很长时间才完全理解父母为我所做的一切。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.
②I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time before
Brian gets back.
③It has been two weeks since you returned home and I've been missing you
very much.
[能力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：How time flies! I will graduate from high school in three months.
高级表达：How time flies! It will be three months before I graduate from high
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school．(before)
[名师点津] “It be＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句，表示“自从……(到
现在)有多长时间了”。
夯基固本·知识落实
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1 ． Most common health upsets that spoil a holiday are easily
preventable(prevent)．
2．It is said that those who are stressed (stress) or working overtime are likely to
put on weight.
3．They remained fundamentally(fundamental) opposed to the plan.
4．Be sure to pay attention to protecting(protect) the environment and think of
others while travelling.
5 ． Greatly delighted (delight) at the result, the football fans couldn't help
walking to the street to celebrate it.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．The Chinese nation is a hardworking and intelligent people, who has made
great contributions to the world civilization.
2．If they can't get it to us in time，we'll just have to do without.
3．With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the light music.
4．He was told that it would be at least three months before he could recover and
return to work.
5．Absorbed in her work, she didn't realize it was time for her to pick up her
daughter.
强技提能·知识应用
Ⅰ.阅读七选五
(2020·山东日照 5 月模拟)
Teach Children the Value of Money
As we're moving towards a more cashless society and real pocket money is
becoming increasingly unpopular ， children increasingly no longer understand the
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value of physical money and simple tasks such as working out how many coins are
needed to buy a toy or sweets will become out of use.Education around money
management and establishing healthy money habits at a young age have become even
more vital.
1 Start with planning an activity together and then define a budget.Then，
research what things you will buy，and work out which items may be better to buy.As
you carry out each part of the activity，make sure you save all the receipts，and then
evaluate if you managed to stay within，or broke your budget. 2
Giving your children or encouraging them to suggest a regular chore can be
rewarded with some pocket money. 3 For example，14yearolds are often making
their own beds，so introducing a reward for such a “chore”is not a good idea；
however，emptying the dishwasher might be just right for a nineyearold.These types
of chores will help them to get an understanding of earning money and the
relationship between time，effort and money.Educate children through encouragement
by paving the way for them to act on their own curiosity and interest. 4
Coming up with and doing activities or daytoday tasks together with your
children，is not only much more enjoyable for your children，but it also helps them to
become more confident and decisive about making their own decisions about savings，
interest rates or allowances. 5 That is bound to pave the way to breaking the trend
of financial illiteracy.
A．That is one of the most important factors for learning.
B．Involve them in everyday money management activities.
C．This can be done with real money or a digital piggy bank.
D．Give your child regular pocket money，big enough to cover basic wants.
E．They will become more financially independent and wiser to online spending.
F．Such a chore beyond what is considered to be done at a certain age is the best.
G．This practice of setting a budget is very useful and fun for both parents and
children.
1．B [根据本空后的“Start with...Then...”结构，以及“As you...”可知，
当你在完成这个活动的每一部分时，要确保留下所有的收据。由此看出 B 项“要
让孩子参与每天的金钱管理活动”符合语境。]
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2．G [第二段提到参与每天的金钱管理，首先要一起计划一个活动，然后
定预算。接着寻找要买的东西，弄清楚买哪些东西更好，然后要评估你们是成功
地保持在预算之内，还是超出了预算。G 项“这种设定预算的做法对于父母和孩
子来讲都是非常有用和有趣的”可作为本段的总结句。]
3．F [空前提到了让孩子参与家务可以奖励他们一些零花钱，根据关键词
可知，可能在 D 和 F 中选择，再结合空后所举例子“14 岁的孩子经常自己铺床，
所以对这种'家务'实行奖励就不是一个好主意，但是，对于一个 9 岁的孩子来讲，
清空洗碗机可能是一个不错的家务”可知，F 项“超出某个年龄阶段应该被做的
那种家务是最好的”符合语境。]
4．A [空前提到这些类型的家务将会帮助孩子更好地明白时间、努力和金
钱之间的关系。同时，要通过鼓励来教育孩子，为他们按照自己的好奇心和兴趣
来处事铺平道路。由此可知，A 项“那是对于学习最重要的因素之一”符合语境。]
5．E [根据最后一段提到“和孩子一起提出并做一些活动或者日常任务，
这不仅对于你的孩子是愉快的，而且也可以帮助他们在自己做关于储蓄、利率或
者零用钱的决定时变得更加自信和果断”可知，E 项“他们会在财务方面更加独
立，对待网上消费更加明智”也是在讲其好处，符合语境。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
You are never too young to make a difference. Since Joshua Williams was 5
years old, he has been winning 1.________(achieve) in ending hunger.
One day, fiveyearold Joshua 2.________(watch) TV in the sitting room with
his grandma as usual，when 3.________TV show reported about children who were
suffering hunger around the world. Joshua was very sad to learn that. 4.________he
was just five years old, he decided to do something about it.He turned to his grandma
and said, “Grandma, I want to help those children. Can you donate some money？”
His grandma smiled 5.________him and gave him 20 dollars. His grandma didn't
take it 6.________(serious), but Joshua really did something with it. 7.________(start)
with the $20 donation from his grandma, he created a charity 8.________(name)
Joshua's Heart. It has provided thousands of pounds of food for 9.________(hunger)
people in North Miami until now.Joshua's longterm goal is to remove world hunger.
“I cannot imagine having no food to eat when I need it.Can you? If we all work at
this，world hunger can finally 10.________(remove)，” Joshua said.
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Let's join Joshua and help to end world hunger together.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，Joshua Williams 5 岁时就开始帮助挨饿
的人们，他已经给很多挨饿的人提供过食物。
1．achievements [考查名词。此处用名词作 win 的宾语，且应该已经取得
了很多的成就，故用 achievements。]
2．was watching [考查动词的时态。这里表示事情发生时 Joshua 正在看电
视，故用过去进行时。]
3．a [考查冠词。这里泛指某个电视节目，故用不定冠词 a。]
4．Though/Although [考查连词。根据语境可知，此处需填 though或although
引导让步状语从句。]
5．at [考查介词。smile at sb.意为“对着某人微笑”。]
6．seriously [考查副词。take sth. seriously 意为“严肃对待……”，此处用
副词修饰动词。]
7．Starting [考查非谓语动词。start 不是作句子的谓语，句子主语 he 与 start
为主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。]
8．named [考查非谓语动词。charity 与 name 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，
故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。]
9．hungry [考查形容词。这里是指“饥饿的”人们，故填 hungry 作定语。]
10．be removed [考查动词的语态。hunger 是 remove 这个动作的承受者，
故需用被动语态。]
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2020·“四省八校”第二次教学质量检测)Last summer vacation I travelled to
America and I met a lot of foreigner.I found a tour guide which spoke both English
and Chinese because of I was not confident about my English.Interesting，some native
English speakers joined me in the trip.When we are in the Grand Canyon，we lost
contact with our guide but everyone was worried.All of sudden，my phone rang and it
was from the guide，said that he would wait for us at the gate of the canyon.He asked I
to inform the other members.I summoned my courage to tell them in English，and
then I was praising by them.I felt more confident afterwards.
【答案】
26/27
Last summer vacation I travelled to America and I met a lot of foreigner
foreigners.I found
a tour guide which
who/that spoke both English and Chinese because ﹨of I was not
confident about my English. Interesting
Interestingly
，some native English speakers joined me in
the trip.When we are
were in the Grand Canyon，we lost contact with our guide but
so/and
everyone was worried.All of
∧
a sudden，my phone rang and it was from the guide，
said
saying that he would wait for us at the gate of the canyon.He asked I
me to inform the
other members.I summoned my courage to tell them in English ， and then I was
praising
praised by them.I felt more confident afterwards.
话题写作
Step 1.写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①今写信给你，向你推荐我最最好的朋友李莉来担任你们杂志的学生记者。
I am writing this letter to you. I want to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a
student reporter for your magazine.
②作为一个 16 岁的阳光女孩，李莉在学校很勤奋刻苦。
As a 16yearold sunny girl, Li Li is very diligent at school.
③她有许多爱好，这使我们同学们都很钦佩她。
She has many hobbies and this has earned great admiration from us classmates.
④文学是她的最爱，她的作文经常被认为是典范。
Literature is her favorite, and her compositions are often regarded as model
ones．
⑤作为我校学生会的一员，她真的很喜欢交朋友。
As a member of Students' Union in our school, she really loves making friends．
⑥就我而言，她可以结交更多的朋友，并通过担任学生记者来提高自己。
On my part, she can make more friends and improve herself by being a student
reporter.
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Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
①用不定式作目的状语改写句①
I am writing this letter to you to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a student
reporter for your magazine.
②用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句改写句③
She has many hobbies, which has earned great admiration from us students.
③用现在分词(短语)作状语改写句⑤
Being a member of Students' Union in our school, she really loves making
friends.
Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
I am writing this letter to you to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a student
reporter for your magazine. As a 16yearold sunshine girl, Li Li is very diligent at
school.Besides, she has many hobbies, which has earned great admiration from us
classmates. Literature is her favorite, and her compositions are often regarded as
model ones.Being a member of Students' Union in our school, she really loves
making friends. On my part, she can make more friends and improve herself by being
a student reporter.
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