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课时提能练(三十三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·湖北华师一附中 4月调研，C)If plastic had been invented when the
Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America－and their Mayflower
had been stocked with bottled water and plasticwrapped snacks，their plastic waste
would likely still be around four centuries later.Atlantic waves and sunlight would
have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around
the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and finally
perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production
only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff
to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of
that waste，a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin－the figure
that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the
earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor of the
University of Georgia，caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate：between
5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal
regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的)
animals every year. Nearly 700 species，including endangered ones, are known
to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things
made of plastic.Many more are probably harmed invisibly.Marine species of all
sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than
onefifth of an inch across.
“This isn't a problem that we don't know what the solution is，” says Ted
Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working
with developing nations on garbage.“We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone
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can do it.We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It's a matter
of building the necessary institutions and systems ideally before the ocean turns
into a thin soup of plastic.”
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然。文章主要介绍了如今
塑料垃圾已经严重地污染了我们的环境，尤其是海洋环境，人类应该采取措施改
变这一现状。
1．Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1?
A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B．To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.
D．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中“And those bits might still be floating around
the world's oceans today，waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters，and finally
perhaps by one of us.”可知，作者在第一段中提到 Pilgrims是为了表明塑料垃
圾对海洋有持久的影响。故选 D项。]
2．What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?
A．Lacking protection.
B．Being stuck by plastics.
C．Being caught by humans.
D．Treating plastics as food.
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中“Marine species of all sizes， from
zooplankton to whales，now eat microplastics，the bits smaller than onefifth of
an inch across.”可知，海洋动物面临的主要问题是把塑料当作食物。故选 D项。]
3．What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A．Some people don't know the solution to plastic waste.
B．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
C．It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It's a matter of building the necessary
institutions and systems ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”
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可知，Ted Siegler想告诉我们是采取措施处理塑料垃圾的时候了。故选 C项。]
4．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook.
B．A travel brochure.
C．An environmental report.
D．A lifestyle magazine.
C [推理判断题。文章主要是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保护的，由此可推
知这篇文章可能来自一份环境报告。故选 C项。]
B
(2020·河北 5月模拟，C)On a recent day, Katie Baldwin took a break from
work to talk about moving from a wealthy neighborhood near New York City to
an organic farm on Long Island. “Farming for where I grew up was a very unusual
career choice，” said the 32yearold American，“but everybody belongs to the
land in their own way.None of us should feel separate from it.”
Katie was raised in an upper middle class town outside New York，where most
people never thought about working on a farm.Today, Katie grows potatoes, wheat
and other crops at Quail Hill, a property in Amagansett, New York.
In the United States, organic farming is a growing industry.Women operate
some of the bestknown organic farms on Long Island. Women make up a little
more than 37 percent of all organic farmers nationwide. That information comes
from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Experts predict
women's share in farming is likely to continue to grow.
“The new young farmers choose organic farming with their desire to have
an influence on society，” Katie and several farmers said. She said, “They are
choosing it to protect natural resources for future generations, to fight climate change,
to feed their community on good and healthy food.”
“New York has about 1，000 certified organic farms，making it the third
largest in the country, and California and Wisconsin are the first and second，”
the USDA says.These farms make up nearly four percent of the state's farmland，
compared with a national average of around 0.6 percent.
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Although organic farming is growing quickly, it comes with high labor costs
and sometimes smaller harvests than commercial farming. So it can be a difficult
business for new farmers. “When I look now at the starting of the farm, it seems
really audacious，” Katie Baldwin said. “But in that environments in 2008,
everybody had lost their jobs and there weren't jobs. So，it didn't feel strange
to start something，” she said.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，主题语境是人与社会。文章介绍了在纽约，
为了促进社会发展，越来越多的年轻人开始从事有机农业生产。
5．What does Katie think of working at the organic farm?
A．It's unacceptable. B．It's worthwhile.
C．It's unforgettable. D．It's challenging.
B [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Katie认为，在自己长大的地方经营有
机农业是一种不同寻常的职业选择。由此可推知，Katie认为在有机农场工作是
值得的，故选 B项。]
6．Why do the young people want to work as farmers?
A．To find a suitable job.
B．To earn healthy food.
C．To stop climate change.
D．To help the society develop.
D [细节理解题。根据第四段可知，那些年轻人选择从事有机农业生产，
是为了给社会带来一些影响，即为了促进社会发展。故选择 D项。]
7．Which can replace the underlined word “audacious” in the last paragraph?
A．hopeful B．dangerous
C．daring D．reasonable
C [词义猜测题。根据画线单词前面的描述可知，有机农业对于新型农民
来说是一件艰难的事情，所以能够开始就是敢于冒险。故选 C。]
8．What can be inferred from the text?
A．American women are good at organic farming.
B．Organic farming will become a good employment.
C．Many American communities lack abundant food.
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D．Starting organic farming needs careful consideration.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，有机农业存在着投入高、低
回报的风险。因此，年轻人在开始选择这个行业时应深思熟虑。故选 D项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(浙江绍兴柯桥区 2021届高三模拟)Everyone in business has been told that
success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds 1 and
achievable. But, 2 ， words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies
have attracted customers they often 3 the second half of the story. In the
excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and
delivering the product, managers tend to become 4 . They forget what they
regard as the boring side of business－ 5 that the customer remains a customer.
6 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business
huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company
loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing
7 ， this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have
any 8 how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities
and calculate the 9 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a
company loses can make a big 10 in its performance. Research in the US
found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers
led to 11 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
In the US, Domino's Pizza estimates that a(n) 12 customer is worth more
than $5，000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or
service on their first visit and 13 never returns, is losing the company
thousands of dollars in 14 profits (more if you consider how many people they
are likely to tell about their bad experience)．
The logic behind cultivating customer 15 is impossible to deny. “In
practice most companies' marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with
little attention paid to 16 them”， says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University'
School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a 17 relationship
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between retaining customers and making profits. 18 customers tend to buy
more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.
Furthermore, they tend to be less price 19 ， and may provide free
wordofmouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 20 for
competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了很多公司把很多精力放在了
吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老客户，并说明留住老客户的重要性。
1．A．simple B．difficult C．tough D．complicated
A [根据”achievable“可知，虽听起来简单易行。但在现实中，智慧的话
语很快就会被遗忘。故选 A。]
2．A．in particular B．in reality
C．at least D．first of all
B [根据前文”Everyone in business has been told that success is all about
attracting and retaining (留住) customers“以及空前的”but“判断，事实并不那
么简单。故选 B。]
3．A．emphasize B．doubt
C．overlook D．believe
C [根据下文”They forget“可知，成功吸引顾客之后，常常会忽略故事
的另一部分。故选 C。]
4．A．carried away B．carried back
C．carried on D．carried through
A [根据下文”They forget what they regard as the boring side of business
－ ________ that the customer remains a customer.“他们忘记了他们认为是无
聊的一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。由此可知，此处表示经理会忘乎所以。
故选 A。]
5．A．denying B．ensuring
C．arguing D．proving
B [他们忘记了他们认为是无聊的一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。
故选 B。]
6．A．Moving B．Hoping
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C．Starting D．Failing
D [如果不能集中精力留住和吸引客户，每年都会给企业带来巨额损失。
故选 D。]
7．A．markets B．tastes
C．prices D．expenses
A [此文讲的是公司做生意，应是市场。故选 A。]
8．A．thought B．idea
C．opinion D．view
B [have an/any idea为固定搭配，意为”知道“。这里指很少有公司知道
他们失去了多少客户。故选 B。]
9．A．culture B．social
C．financial D．economical
C [根据上文可知，很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户。所以会对财务
产生影响。financial implication财务影响。故选 C。]
10．A．promise B．plan
C．mistake D．difference
D [make a difference 有影响，有关系。这里指对业绩有很大的影响。故
选 D。]
11．A．cost B．opportunity
C．profit D．budget
C [句意：美国调查表明每减少流失 5%的顾客，就会导致利润增加 25%～
85%。下文也提到 profit，故应选 C。]
12．A．usual B．ordinary
C．common D．regular
D [根据下文”A customer who receives a poor quality product or service
on their first visit and ________ never returns, is losing the company thousands
of dollars in ________ profits“可知，此处讲的是老顾客的重要性。regular
customers为固定用法，意为”老顾客；常客“。故选 D。]
13．A．as a result B．on the whole
C．in conclusion D．on the contrary
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A [空后是前文的结果，故应选 A。]
14．A．huge B．potential
C．extra D．reasonable
B [由上文可知，一个老顾客在十年内价值超过 5 000美元。所以没有回
头客，会损失潜在的利润。故选 B。]
15．A．beliefs B．loyalty
C．habits D．interest
B [根据上文可知，留不住老客户让公司损失数千美元的潜在利润，所以
要培养客户忠诚度。故选 B。]
16．A．altering B．understanding
C．keeping D．attracting
C [根据”focused on getting customers, with little attention paid“可知，
此处应留住顾客。故选 C。]
17．A．close B．distant
C．deep D．shallow
A [根据下文”________ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and
usually cost less to service than new customers.“可知，留住老客户，与客户维
护好关系非常重要。故选 A。]
18．A．Assumed B．Respected
C．Established D．Unexpected
C [根据”than new customers“这里指已建立的顾客，也就是老顾客。故
选 C。]
19．A．agreeable B．flexible
C．friendly D．sensitive
D [根据常识和购物经验可知，老顾客往往对价格不太敏感。price sensitive
价格敏感性。故选 D。]
20．A．unfair B．difficult
C．essential D．convenient
B [根据”Retaining customers“可知，留住客户也使得竞争对手很难进入
一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。故选 B。]
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·山东济南一模)The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse
in January, 2020.The disaster faced by 1.________ country is far from over. Many
of the fires 2.________(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke
turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds(火云). The clouds could help a fire draw
in more air and shift surface winds，3.________(result) in fire tornadoes (龙
卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4.________(find) only in
Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how
much harm the fires have done 5.________ wildlife. The wildfires are expected
6.________(continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.
This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. The fires happen
7.________(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and
natural changes are making the situation 8.________(bad). At least 12 million acres
have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone.Smoke from the
fires has made 9.________ to South America. There is so much smoke that it
may stay in the air for months，10.________ could have a small effect on the
planet's climate.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然。澳大利亚的森林大火
在 2020年 1月变得更加严重，同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火焰龙卷风。文章
说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。
1．the [考查冠词。country意为”国家“时为可数名词，此处特指上文的
Australia应用定冠词 the。]
2． sent [考查动词时态。根据后文”and some smoke turned into
pyrocumulonimbus clouds(火云)“可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填 sent。]
3．resulting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，result 与其逻辑主语
构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作结果状语。]
4．are found [考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述客观事实，应
使用一般现在时。设空处前面的关系代词 that引导定语从句，先行词为 animals，
又因 that在从句中作主语，与动词 find构成被动关系，故填 are found。]
5．to [考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害将
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需要时间。do harm to...对……造成伤害，为固定搭配，故应用介词 to。]
6．to continue [考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.意为”预计做某
事“，故填 to continue。]
7．regularly [考查副词。修饰动词 happen，应用副词 regularly。regularly
表示”经常“。]
8．worse [考查形容词的比较等级。句意：然而，气候和自然的变化使情
况变得更糟。表示”更糟“应用形容词 bad的比较级形式，故填 worse。]
9．it [考查代词。make it to为固定搭配，表示”到达“。]
10．which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意：烟雾如此之多，可能会在空气
中停留数月之久，这可能会对地球的气候产生小的影响。此处指代前面整句话的
内容，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 which。]
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