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课时提能练(三十四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·湖南六校 4 月联考，C)The hemlock (铁杉) trees along the Wappinger
Creek，New York, look healthy. However, scientist Gary Lovett says the white
balls which provide protection for the bugs are created by a tiny insect. It's hard
to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree.However, trees can end up with millions
and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.
The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA.The
troublemaking bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped
into the United States. They can hurt other living things in their new home.
Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers.
They support and separate goods, and keep them from sliding around. Invasive
pests often tunnel into the pallets. How can we stop pests from riding on pallets?
Lovett says new rules are needed. The companies that make pallets don't want
more rules. Congress has added an amendment(修正案) in the 2018 Farm Bill
to try to solve this problem.However, Lovett is not hopeful that it will make much
of a difference. Pallets are checked by inspectors. Many are sprayed with bug
killing pesticide. “I believe in the system，” said Brent McClendon, president
of The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association. He also said shipping
containers are checked very carefully.
Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the U．S. Each is full
of wooden pallets. Lovett says, “Inspectors can't possibly check everything. All
it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets.” He believes
pallets should be made of plastic or ecocomposite wood.Ecocomposite wood is
a mix of wood fiber and plastic.Insects cannot hide into it. One problem is that
these choices cost more.They may be worth the extra money, though. Invasive
pests cost the U．S. $5 billion a year. Trees don't just die in forests. They also
die in cities and our yards. Then, they need to be replaced.That costs money,
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too.
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文，介绍了美国铁杉树虫害是运输过程中使用的
木板所携带的外来蛾虫所致。政府也曾为此颁布法案但收效甚微，有关人士也就
此问题提出了相应的解决方案。
1．All the following statements are TRUE except that ________．
A．pesticide has been applied to bugkilling
B．invasive pests are native to Wappinger Creek
C．invasive pests hide in pallets used in shipping
D．the companies making pallets don't want more rules
B [细节理解题。本题题干意为：下面哪项陈述是错误的？根据第二段第
二句中的“invasive pests”可知此害虫为外来物种，故答案为 B 项。根据第三段
中的“Many are sprayed with bugkilling pesticide.” 可排除 A 项；根据第三
段中的“Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping
containers.”可排除 C 项；根据第三段中的“The companies that make pallets
don't want more rules.”可排除 D 项。]
2．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Bugs can be easily spotted by eyes.
B．Bugs ruin the shipped goods slowly.
C．Bugs won't bother the tree if just in small numbers.
D．Bugs cover trees with white soft balls for protection.
C [推理判断题。本题题干意为：从文中我们可以推断出什么？根据第一
段最后两句“However，trees can end up with millions and millions of the
pests.When there are that many，it ends up killing the tree.”可知答案为 C 项
(如果那些虫子数量不多不会影响树木)。]
3．Why does Gary Lovett want to get rid of wooden pallets?
A．Because insects mostly die in them.
B．Because plastic pallets are ecofriendly.
C．Because they are not worth extra money.
D．Because they are the major pest carriers.
D [细节理解题。本题题干意为：为什么 Gary Lovett 想要摒弃木板？根据
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最后一段可知：木板是铁杉斑螟蛾虫的主要载体，故答案为 D 项。]
B
(2020·山东日照联考，C)Rescue workers and thousands of volunteers are not
the only ones who have won hearts and minds for their heroic efforts in the search
for survivors after Tuesday's powerful earthquake in Mexico. Fifteen dogs from
the navy's canine(军犬) unit have assisted this week in the rescue efforts at the
sites of collapsed buildings across Mexico City, where more than 50 people have
been pulled alive from the ruins.
Of the canine heroes none is more famous or loved than Frida, a sixyear
old white Labrador who in her distinguished service has won praise for her ability
to detect people who have been trapped by various natural disasters. Over her
admirable career she has found 52 people including 12 survivors in Mexico and
other Latin American countries.
This week，Frida and Evil and Echo－two Belgian Shepherds that have also
been specially trained for rescue efforts－were sent to the site of the collapsed
Enrique Rebsamen School in southern Mexico City.
Equipped with goggles that protect her eyes from dust and smoke, boots to
prevent damage to her paws while she climbs over rough ruins, Frida took to her
work looking over every part of the ruins.
“If Frida detects the presence of a survivor, she is trained to bark to alert
rescue workers, but if she detects a corpse, she stops suddenly before proceeding，”
her handler explained.
Eleven children were rescued from the ruins at the school，but this time human
rescue workers rather than the dogs were the ones who located them.
However, that hasn't stopped Frida from becoming a social media star and
reaching a new level of fame this week.Videos and other social media posts that
highlight the work of Frida and her impressive records of detecting people trapped
by natural disasters spread quickly online.
While she has yet to detect anyone trapped in the ruins this week, she and
other rescue dogs are continuing to work tirelessly, searching through spaces that
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humans cannot reach.With the possibility that there are still people trapped alive,
time will tell whether she adds to her rescue records.
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文，主题语境为人与自然。文章主要讲述了在星
期二墨西哥发生强烈地震后，来自海军犬队的十五条狗参与了救援工作，其中
Frida 获得了大量关注。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Severe Earthquakes in Mexico
B．Undertaking Rescue Work
C．People Waiting for Rescue
D．Special Rescuers in Mexico
D [标题判断题。通读文章可知，在星期二墨西哥发生强烈地震后，并不
是只有救援人员和成千上万的志愿者参与了救援行动，来自海军犬队的十五条狗
也参与了救援工作。故选 D 项。]
5．What makes Frida a social media star?
A．Her rescue records and tireless work.
B．Her cooperation with the rescue team.
C．Her cool appearance with some special devices.
D．Her ability to search spaces beyond humans' reach.
A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Videos and other social media posts
that highlight the work of Frida and her impressive records of detecting people
trapped by natural disasters spread quickly online.”可知，使 Frida 成为社交媒
体明星的是它的营救记录和孜孜不倦的工作。故选 A 项。]
6．What does the underlined word “corpse” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．An article of clothing.
B．An unconscious animal.
C．A dead person.
D．A special signal.
C [词义猜测题。根据“the presence of a survivor”和转折连词“but”可
推断画线单词 corpse 与 survivor 意义相反，其意思为“尸体”，故选 C 项。]
7．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________．
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A．Frida will achieve nothing
B．Frida will probably work miracles
C．more dogs will be sent to the area
D．the rest of the rescue will be done by dogs
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While she has yet to detect anyone
trapped in the ruins this week，she and other rescue dogs are continuing to work
tirelessly，searching through spaces that humans cannot reach.”可知，Frida 可
能会创造奇迹，故选 B 项。]
C
(2020·辽宁丹东一模，C)This year's flu season is pretty scary. To try to
minimize the effects, public health officials are still urging anyone who hasn't yet
gotten their flu shot to get one as soon as possible.However, even if every single
person got a shot in the arm, the vaccine(疫苗)－with its excellent 36 percent
effectiveness－would not prevent everyone from getting infected with the annoying
virus. Knowledge is power, so here's what goes on in your body when you come
down with the flu.
The influenza virus primarily attacks your nose, throat，and the tubes that lead
to your lungs. But the flu is so much more than that. Your muscles ache, your
head hurts，and your appetite goes down，among other things. To our surprise，
almost all of these symptoms have less to do with the virus itself than with your
immune(免疫的) response to them.Unfortunately, the very defense you have in
place to get rid of the flu is the reason you feel so painful when you recover.
The virus usually enters through your mouth, typically by way of your hands.
But it takes a few days for symptoms to set in.While this process might cause
some harm to your nose and throat，it's nothing major，and there's nothing like
the symptoms that typically accompany a bad or even mild case of the flu.
The real fun starts when your immune system begins to fight. Your immune
system comes in two parts：the innate immune system and the adaptive. The innate
immune system is essentially an allpurpose tool. As soon as your body senses
the presence of any injury or invader(入侵者)，the innate immune system launches
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into action by producing tiny proteins called cytokines and chemokines.The
cytokines reproduce almost immediately and start to attack the virus. This increase
in immune cells creates a serious inflammation (炎症) throughout the body.But
the worst is still to come.Meanwhile，the chemokines work with the adaptive immune
system to help create T cells. These cells are a special type of white blood cell
that works in a much more specific way：they find the influenza virus, identify
what's special about it, and create something unique on their surface that finds
and destroys similar invaders.
【语篇解读】 今年流感盛行，疫苗也不能保证百分之百抵御流感病毒。了
解流感的症状、传播途径、发病原理等尤为重要。
8．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A．Not all the vaccine is effective.
B．No one can avoid catching this year's flu.
C．This year's flu is not serious.
D．Public health officials have to use a gun when necessary.
A [推理判断题。根据第一段的“the vaccine(疫苗)－with its excellent 36
percent effectiveness－would not prevent everyone from getting infected with the
annoying virus”可知，疫苗的有效率为 36%，所以并非所有的疫苗都有效，故 A
项正确。]
9．Why do many parts of your body suffer while you're recovering from the
flu?
A．Because recovery from illness is painful.
B．Because your immune system is working against your defense system.
C．Because your body is fighting hard against the flu.
D．Because the influenza virus attacks your nose, throat and other parts.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，几乎所有的流感症状与病毒
本身关系不大，它们主要是免疫系统对病毒的反应造成的，对病毒的清除是你感
觉疼痛的原因，因此身体不舒服是因为身体在清除病毒，故 C 项正确。]
10．The underlined word “fun” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by ________．
A．joy B．battle
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C．action D．program
B [词义猜测题。根据 fight 可判断 battle 符合要求。免疫系统开始工作意
味着真正的战斗的开始。]
11．What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A．The fight between the innate immune system and the adaptive.
B．The categories of the immune system.
C．The way the immune system works.
D．The process of the development of the immune system.
C [主旨大意题。本段主要介绍了免疫系统是如何工作的，C 项符合段落
大意。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·浙江温州4 月二模)Many health care workers know that washing hands
is important to prevent the spread of an infectious disease. 1 During a study
conducted by Nicas and Best at the university of California，Berkley，they counted
the number of times when people touched their face with their hands. 2 Whether
we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face
with our hands frequently enough.
Imagine that you are able to record a full day of your actions. Better yet,
reflect on what you did when you woke up yesterday morning. Let me give you
an idea of my previous morning. I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 a．m.
3 Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning
news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower. It wasn't even 5 minutes
from the time I awoke and I already touched different objects. The point of this
is to be aware that even in our homes we are exposed to germs in places we don't
realize.
Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs. 4
Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue. Unfortunately, there
are a lot of areas on our face that do not have the protection of skin such as our
eyes and mouths. There's a reason to every wise proverb and our parents annoying
us to wash our hands before dinner is not for nothing.
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5 If you have children, it is even more important to set the example
because children are known to learn from adults.Let's start a good habit of washing
hands. As for your friends，don't be shy about checking to make sure their hands
are clean.Asking someone if they have washed their hands is caring.Checking to
see if someone has washed their hands will benefit not only that person, but you
and your family.
A．Our skin is the first line of defense.
B．Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.
C．It is easy for us to admit that we wash our hands regularly.
D．They are more selfaware that handwashing should be practiced as needed.
E．Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and
family.
F．They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on
average.
G．Do the rest of your family members, especially children，wash their hands
regularly?
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了洗手有助于预防传染病的传播。
尽管人体对有害细菌具有一定的防御能力，但是我们也要养成洗手的好习惯。
1．D [根据空前“Many health care workers know that washing hands is
important to prevent the spread of an infectious disease.(许多医疗保健工作人员
都知道，为预防传染病的传播，洗手很重要)”可知，D 项 They are more selfaware
that handwashing should be practiced as needed.(他们比别人更加意识到应该根
据需要经常洗手)能够承接上文。故选 D 项。]
2．F [根据空前“During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at the university
of California，Berkley，they counted the number of times when people touched
their face with their hands.(在 Nicas 和 Best 在伯克利大学进行的一项研究中，
他们计算了人们用手触摸脸部的次数)”和空后“Whether we are aware of our
actions or not，most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently
enough.(无论我们是否意识到自己的行为，我们大多数人都会认为我们经常用手
摸脸)”可知，F 项 They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per
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hour on average.(他们发现受试者平均每小时触摸脸部 15.7 次)符合上下文的语
境。故选 F 项。]
3．B [根据空前“I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 a．m.(早上 6 点
钟我被闹钟叫醒了)”和空后“Then I checked my phone for messages，turned on
the TV for my morning news，started making my coffee and finally hit the
shower.(然后我查看了手机中的消息，打开电视听早间新闻，开始煮咖啡，最后
洗了澡)”可知，B 项 Several minutes later，I turned off the alarm clock.(几分
钟后，我关闭了闹钟)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的 the alarm
clock 为原词复现。故选 B 项。]
4．A [根据空前“Luckily，the human body has amazing defense against
harmful germs.(幸运的是，人体对有害细菌具有惊人的防御能力)”和空后“Our
white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue.(我们的白细胞就像士
兵一样来营救我们)”可知，A 项 Our skin is the first line of defense.(我们的
皮肤是第一道防线)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。故选 A 项。]
5．E [根据空后“If you have children，it is even more important to set the
example because children are known to learn from adults.(如果你有孩子，树立
榜样就更重要了，因为众所周知，孩子向成年人学习)”可知，E 项 Most
importantly，it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.(最
重要的是，为朋友和家人树立正确的榜样是我们的责任)是本段的主题句。该选
项中的 set the example 在下一句中出现了。故选 E 项。]
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