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主题语境(二) 对社会有突出贡献的人物
阅读理解
A (2018·浙江卷·A)
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published
in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century － most experts date the
first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 － but nobody wanted to do it professionally.
The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识
字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the
names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the
most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional
writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the
publication of novels and their readership and whose characters － from Oliver
Twist to Tiny Tim － were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness
is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature
would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories,
literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.
Some 60，000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901;
today a casual reader might be able to name a half dozen of them. It's partly true
that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly
that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's
also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one
will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such
a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it
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is possible － and important for our own culture － to understand how he made
himself a lasting one.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更
斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。
1．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A．They were difficult to understand.
B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless.
D．They were written mostly by women.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were
looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”可知，那时印刷技术落后，
人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或
糟糕透顶的。故选 C 项。]
2．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ________．
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
D [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon
(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling
off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售
《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知 D
项正确。]
3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
A [写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重
要性的介绍和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰 200 周年前夕，
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由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。]
B (2016·全国卷Ⅰ·A)
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of
Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the
most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860－1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to
thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense
of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for
people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the
Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907－1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist
today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of
pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes
and oceans.
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,
in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She
became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join
the U. S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important
cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913－2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give
up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison.
But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year,
and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of
giving in，” said Parks.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同领域的四位女性先驱。
4．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
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A．Her social work.
B．Her teaching skills.
C．Her efforts to win a prize.
D．Her community background.
A [细节理解题。根据 Jane Addams 下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever
been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.”(任何一个受到社
会工作者帮助的人都要感谢 Jane Addams)可知，在历史上，Jane Addams 因她
的社会工作而出名，与 A 项相符。]
5．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?
A．Her lack of proper training in law.
B．Her little work experience in court.
C．The discrimination against women.
D．The poor financial conditions.
C [细节理解题。根据 Sandra Day O'Connor 下的第一句“When Sandra
Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School ...”可知，她
没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与 C 项“对于女性的歧
视”相符，故选 C 项。]
6．Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the U．S.?
A．Jane Addams.
B．Rachel Carson.
C．Sandra Day O'Connor.
D．Rosa Parks.
D [细节理解题。根据 Rosa Parks 下的“．.. it also set off the Montgomery
bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights
movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，
开始了民权运动，故选 D 项。]
7．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A．They are highly educated.
B．They are truly creative.
C．They are pioneers.
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D．They are peacelovers.
C [推理判断题。通读全文可知这四位女性都是各自领域的先驱者，都在
各自领域作出了巨大的贡献，故选 C 项。]
完形填空
(2017·浙江卷)
Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a 1 place for
all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They 2 various matters
all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was 3 that the fires of war
would destroy the books, which are more 4 to her than mountains of gold.
The books are in every language － new books, ancient books, 5 a book on
the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
She had asked the government for 6 to move the books to a 7 place,
but they refused. So Alia took matters into her own hands. 8 ， she brought
books home every night, 9 her car late after work. Her friends came to 10
her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant 11 to hide some
books. All through the 12 ， Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took
the books from the library, 13 them over the sevenfoot wall and 14
them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war 15 . Then nine
days later, a fire burned the 16 to the ground.
One day, the bombing stopped and the 17 left. But the war was not over
yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be 18 again while
the city was 19 . So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses
of friends in the suburbs (郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and 20
peace and a new library.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在战火中，艾丽娅·贝克和
身边的人勇敢地保护书籍的故事。
1．A.meeting B．working C．personal D．religious
A [根据下文可知，爱书人士经常到艾丽娅的图书馆看书、分享知识，对
于这些人来说，该图书馆是一个聚会处，故选 meeting。]
2．A.raised B．handled C．reported D．discussed
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D [结合语境可知，他们在这里讨论全世界各种各样的事情，故选
discussed。]
3．A.worried B．angry C．doubtful D．curious
A [根据上文提到的战争即将来临，以及下文提到的艾丽娅和身边的人保
护图书馆书籍的内容可知，此处指艾丽娅很担心书籍在战火中被毁掉，故选
worried。]
4．A.practical B．precious
C．reliable D．expensive
B [根据语境及下文的“mountains of gold”可知，艾丽娅认为这些书比金
山还要珍贵，故选 precious。]
5．A.then B．still C．even D．rather
C [空处上下文在语义上表示递进，指甚至(even)还有 700 年前的有关伊拉
克历史的书籍。]
6．A.permission B．confirmation
C．explanation D．information
A [根据语境可知，她希望得到政府的允许(permission)把书搬到安全的
(safe)地方，但他们拒绝了。ask sb.for permission 表示“请求某人的许可”，符
合语境。]
7．A.large B．public C．distant D．safe
D [参见上题解析。]
8．A.Fortunately B．Surprisingly
C．Seriously D．Secretly
D [根据语境可知，每晚很晚下班后，艾丽娅偷偷地把书带回家。
secretly“秘密地，偷偷地”，符合语境。]
9．A.starting B．parking C．filling D．testing
C [根据上下文语境及空后的“her car”可知，艾丽娅把书装到她的汽车
里运回家。]
10．A.stop B．help C．warn D．rescue
B [根据下文的内容可知，战争爆发后，她的朋友们也赶来帮助(help)她。]
11．A.intended B．pretended
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C．happened D．agreed
D [根据下文可知，安尼斯同意把一些书藏在自己的餐馆里，agree to do ...
表示“同意做……”。]
12．A.war B．night C．building D．way
B [根据语境可知，他们整晚都在从图书馆里搬书，这也照应了上文中的
“every night”。]
13．A.put B．opened C．passed D．threw
C [根据上下文可知，他们要把书递过(passed)7 英尺的高墙，并把它们藏
在(hide)餐馆里。]
14．A.hid B．exchanged C．burnt D．distributed
A [参见上题解析。]
15．A.approached B．erupted
C．continued D．ended
C [根据语境及上文中的“the war broke out”可知，战争还在继续
(continued)。]
16．A.restaurant B．library
C．city D．wall
B [根据语境及下文中的“a new library”可知，图书馆被全部焚毁了，故
选 library。]
17．A.neighbours B．soldiers
C．friends D．customers
B [一天，轰炸停止了，士兵们也离开了，所以选 soldiers。]
18．A.sold B．read C．saved D．moved
D [根据下文可知，艾丽娅知道，尽管城市是安静的(quiet)，如果要想这
些书安全，他们必须把这些书再转移(moved)出去。]
19．A.occupied B．bombed C．quiet D．busy
C [参见上题解析。]
20．A.dreamed of B．believed in
C．cared about D．looked for
A [根据语境可知，艾丽娅等待着战争的结束，梦想着(拥有)和平和一个
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新图书馆。]
语法填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1.________(be)
Britain's oldest fulltime employee－still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene
Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2.________
she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have
3.________(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to
be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4.________
(declare) she had no plans 5.________(retire) from her 36yearold business. Irene
said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing
my family and all the friends I 6.________(make) over the years. I work not
because I have to, 7.________ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31－who works alongside her in the family
business－said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She
said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call
8.________ (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was 9.________ joke. But
then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her.
It's 10.________(wonder)．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位 90 岁的英国女性仍然坚持
每周工作 40 个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。语篇以积极工作为切入点，
宣扬劳动精神，引导学生培养劳动意识。
1．being [考查非谓语动词。介词 for 后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。]
2．which [考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后
是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop 是先行词，定语从句中缺少 opened 的宾语，
故用 which 引导非限制性定语从句。]
3．finally [考查副词。副词修饰动词 acknowledge。]
4．declared [考查时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合
后面的 had 可知，此处应使用一般过去时。]
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5．to retire [考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作 plans 的后置定语，
表示“她没有退休的计划” 。]
6．have made [考查时态。根据空格后的时间状语 over the years 可知，
句子要用现在完成时。]
7．but [考查连词。not...but...不是……而是……。句意：我工作不是因为
我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。]
8．saying [考查非谓语动词。say 与前面的 a call 之间是主动关系，故填
saying，现在分词短语 saying...作后置定语，修饰 a call。]
9．a [考查冠词。joke“笑话，玩笑” ，是可数名词。空格后用了单数 joke，
故其前用 a。]
10．wonderful [考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。系动词 is 后面跟形容词作
表语。wonder 对应的形容词是 wonderful。]
1．professionally adv. 专业地
2．fiction n. 小说；虚构出来的事
3．mourn v. 哀痛；哀悼
4．beloved adj. 被喜爱的
5．readership n. 读者人数；读者群
6．touchstone n. 试金石
7．unchallenged adj. 不成问题的
8．distinguished adj. 杰出的；卓越的
9．anniversary n. 周年纪念(日)
10．shelter n. 遮蔽物；栖身之地
11．deciding adj. 起决定作用的
12．boycott n. 联合抵制
13．background n. 背景
14．discrimination n. 歧视
15．religious adj. 宗教的
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16．confirmation n. 证实；确认
17．distribute v. 分配；分发
18．customer n. 顾客
19．shortlisted adj. 列入入围名单的
1．social adj. 社会的
2．energy n. 能量；活力
3. movement n. 运动
4．practical adj. 实用的
5．precious adj. 珍贵的
6．achievement n. 成就
7．official adj. 官方的；正式的
1．moral adj. 道德的→immoral adj. 非道德的
2．publish v. 出版→publication n. 出版→publisher n. 出版商
3．politics n. 政治→political adj. 政治的
4．science n. 科学→scientific adj. 科学的
5．pollute v. 污染→pollution n. 污染
6．harm n. & v. 伤害→harmful adj. 有害的
7．rely v. 信赖→reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
8．explain v. 解释→explanation n. 解释
9．wonder n. 奇迹；惊奇→wonderful adj. 极好的；精彩的
1．for the most part 大部分；多半
2．be looked upon as 被看作
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3．set off 引燃；引起
4．break out 爆发
5．burn ... to the ground 把……烧成平地
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which is harmful(harm) to people's health.
2．If you drop a lighted cigarette in the wood, you could set off a big fire.
3．His first book was published(publish) last year and it turned out to be a
bestseller.
4．He is not a reliable(rely) person, for he never carries out his promises.
5．Summers in the south of France are for the most part dry and sunny.
6．Many people in the village fell ill because of drinking the polluted(pollute)
water.
7．Even in his late years of life, the old man is still doing scientific(science)
research.
8．Several houses have been burned to the ground when the blaze is put out.
9．The high official was forced to resign because of his immoral(moral)
conduct.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain
bad. 完全；简直
2．In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional
writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the
publication of novels and their readership and whose characters － from Oliver
Twist to Tiny Tim － were held up as moral touchstones. 骤增
3．Her simple act landed Parks in prison. 使陷入
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1．It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks
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of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific
progress.
[译文] 狄更斯的写作风格吸引了来自各行各业的读者，这在一定程度上来
说是正确的；部分原因是他的著作掀起了社会、政治和科学进步的浪潮。
2．But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.
[译文] 但是后来我们收到了一封公函，令我们大为惊讶。
Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional
writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the
publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist
to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。when 引导时间状语从句，the world mourned him
as its first professional writer and publisher 是主句，who 和 whose 分别引导一个非
限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 first professional writer and publisher。
[译文] 1870 年狄更斯去世，全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位职业作家
和出版商，他声名远扬而且受人爱戴，他使小说的出版数量和读者人数急剧增加，
他小说中的主人公——从奥利弗·_特维斯特到小蒂姆——被视为道德的试金石。
2．But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and
important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。要注意 as 引导的是时间状语从句，而主句中
and important for our own culture 是插入语。
[译文] 但是在狄更斯 200 周年诞辰之际，我们自己的文化有可能，也需要
去弄明白他永恒历史的原因。
3．When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy
the books, which are more precious to her than mountains of gold.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。When the war was near 是 when 引导的时间状语
从句，that the fires of war would destroy the books是was worried的宾语从句，which
are more precious to her than mountains of gold 是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词
the books。
[译文] 战争临近时，艾丽娅很担心战火会毁了这些书，对她来说，这些书
比金山还要珍贵。
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4 ． Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family
business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句。who works alongside her in the family business 为
非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Granddaughter Gayle Parks，said 后是省略 that 的
宾语从句，who nominated Irene for the award 作 as to 的宾语。
[译文] 31 岁的孙女盖尔·帕克斯与艾琳一起在自己家的宠物店里工作。她
说，至于谁提名艾琳获奖，目前尚不得而知。
1．remove v. 迁移，搬迁；脱掉，摘掉；开除；消除
[一词多义]－－写出下列句中 remove 的含义
①Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.
迁移，搬迁
②It is a custom among the Japanese to remove their footwear before entering
a house. 脱掉，摘掉
③As far as I know, three children were removed from school for bad behaviour.
开除
remove ... from ... 把……从……移开
remove from ... to ... 从……搬迁到……
remove sb. from school/office 开除/免职某人
remove poverty and injustice 消除贫穷和不公
be removed from office 被罢免职务
with the misunderstanding removed 随着误解被消除
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Teenagers shouldn't be removed(remove) from school although they don't
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do well in studies.
②Will you please remove your handbag from the seat?
③The misunderstanding being removed(remove) the two boy made up again.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
由于空气污染严重，这家人决定从城市搬到乡下。
Because of the serious air pollution, the family decided to remove from the
city to the countryside．
2．sense n. 感觉；意义 v. 感觉到
(1)a sense of... ……的感觉
in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来讲
in no sense 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(2)make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通，可理解
make sense of 了解……的意义；懂得
(3)It makes sense to do sth. 做某事是有意义的
There is no sense in (doing) sth. 做某事是没有道理/意义的。
have a good sense of humour 很有幽默感
give me a sense of great achievement 给我巨大的成就感
try to make sense of what was going on outside 努力弄清外面出了什么事
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Only those who have a sense of responsibility can hold such an important
position.
②Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
③There is no sense in pretending to know what you actually don't know.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
抱怨是没有意义的，我们现在应该采取行动了。
①It doesn't make sense to complain. We should take action now.
②There is no sense in complaining. We should take action now.
3．mix v. 使混合；使结合；相融合
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(1)mix ... with/and ... 把……和……混合
mix with sb. 与某人交往
mix up 混合，掺和；混淆
(2)mixed adj. 混合的
mixture n. 混合物
mix red paint with yellow paint to make orange paint 把红色和黄色涂料混
合成橙色涂料
get mixed up in a fight with another player 卷进了与另一位球员的斗殴
a mixture of Chinese tradition with western style 中国传统与西方风格的融
合
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①He is famous for mixing Chinese musical traditions with/and western forms
and instrumentation.
②He looked at her with a mixture(mix) of amusement and happiness.
③I must admit that I have mixed(mix) feelings about my new deskmate.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
我认为保持年轻的秘诀就是与年轻人交往。
I think the secret of staying young is to mix with younger people.
4．danger n. 危险；危险的人或物
(1)in danger 处于危险之中
in danger of 有……的危险
out of danger 脱离危险
(2)dangerous adj.危险的
endanger v. 危及；危害；使遭受危险
endangered adj. 濒危的
a danger to the public 对大众来说是个危险
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in danger of losing his job 他有失去工作的危险
stop illegal trade in endangered animals 阻止濒危动物的非法交易
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①People who drink and drive are a danger both to themselves and to others.
②Tigers are dangerous(danger) to man, but they are in danger of dying out
now.
③The operation was a success and she is now out of danger.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
确实到了我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。
①It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals．
②It's time that we took measures to protect endangered animals．
5．pretend v. 假装；佯作
pretend
to be＋n./adj. 假装是……
to do sth.假装做某事
to be doing sth.假装正在做某事
to have done sth.假装已经做过某事
（that）...假装……
pretend to be angry 假装生气
pretend to be doing his homework 他假装正在做作业
pretend to have known the answer to the problem 假装已经知道了那道题
的答案
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①If you pretend to know(know) what you don't know, you'll only make
a fool of yourself.
②He pretended to be reading (read) an important paper when the boss came
in.
③ The boy pretended nothing had happened(happen) after breaking the
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window.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
他们很快就识破了那个骗子，那人伪装成该领域的一个专家。
It didn't take long for them to see through the cheat, who pretended to be
an expert in this area．(定语从句)
6．exchange vt. & n. 交换；兑换
(1)exchange sth. for sth. 以……换取……
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换……
(2)in exchange for 作为……的交换
(3)exchangeable adj. 可交换/兑换的
an exchange student from China 一名来自中国的交换生
exchange a quick smile with her 与她会意一笑
often exchange ideas with our parents 经常与我们的父母交流想法
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.
②The other day, I exchanged that pair of trousers for a large size.
③It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in the
exchange for favors to them.
[能力提升]－－词汇升级
普 通 表 达 ： I've offered to paint the kitchen to exchange a week's
accommodation.
高级表达：I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's
accommodation. (exchange n．)
7．acknowledge v. 承认；认为；感谢；告知收到
[一词多义]－－写出下列句中 acknowledge 的含义
①The boy acknowledged using her mobile phone, but said he returned it to
her. 承认
②I'm going to invite you to dinner with me to acknowledge your favor. 感
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谢
③The army sent me a postcard acknowledging my request. 告知收到
④Almost all the people present acknowledged that he was innocent. 认为
acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge ... as.../to be... 认为……是……(常用于被动语态)
It is widely/universally acknowledged that...大家公认……
refuse to acknowledge being defeated 拒绝承认被打败
be acknowledged to be a master of Peking Opera 被认为是京剧大师
be acknowledged as a mustsee tourist attraction in China 被认为是中国的
一个必看景点
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing(steal) the lady's
purse.
②Mark Twain is acknowledged to be(be) one of the best writers in America.
③The first step to knowledge is to acknowledge(acknowledge) that we are
ignorant.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
大家一致认为除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界，否则我们不可能看到更蓝
的天空。
It is widely/universally acknowledged that we can never expect a bluer sky
unless we create a less polluted world.
1．No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck
made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
没有人会知道才能、雄心、干劲和运气的组合使得狄更斯成为这样一位令人
尊敬的作家。
[句型公式] No one will ever know 为全部否定。
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(1)英语中的 no, no one, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, nowhere
等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
(2) 英 语 中 的 all, both, every, everybody, everything, always, whole,
entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not 连用，无论 not 位置
如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①As a matter of fact, none of us can live alone in society.
②While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been
positive.
③Not everyone present at the meeting is in favour of the plan.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。
① The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time
management.(not everyone ...)
② The truth is that everyone isn't attaching great importance to time
management.(everyone ... not)
2．You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard
of Rachel Carson.
你很可能知道玛丽·居里是谁，但是你或许没有听说过蕾切尔·卡逊。
[句型公式] may not have heard of 为“情态动词＋ 完成时”的结构。
情态动词后跟完成时主要指过去，包括对过去的推测、表达遗憾、表示责备
等。常见“情态动词＋完成时”如下：
(1)must have done 表示“一定做过某事”，其否定形式为 can't/couldn't
have done 表示“不可能做过某事”
(2)could have done 表示“本来能够做但却未做；可能做过某事”
(3)may/might have done 表示“或许/可能做过某事”
(4)should/ought to have done sth. 表示“本该做但却未做”，其否定形式
表示“本不该做但却做了”
(5)needn't have done 表示“做了本没有必要做的事情”
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[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①He might have said(say) so at the meeting, but I'm not sure.
②He could have passed the driving test at the first attempt, but he was too
nervous.
③I was really anxious about you. You shouldn't have left(leave) home without
a word.
④George can't have gone(go) too far, as his coffee is still warm.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
你很熟悉这个城市，你一定在这里呆了很长时间。
You are very familiar with the city; you must have stayed here for a long
time.
夯基固本·知识落实
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．One of the biggest dangers(danger) we face may be the climate change.
2．None of these pens works/work(work)．
3．We needn't have bought(buy) so much food now that Suzie won't be with
us for dinner.
4．With mixed(mix) feelings in mind, she didn't know what to do next.
5．The policeman was pretending to be reading(read) a newspaper, in reality,
he was watching the man near the window.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Those who have a sense of humor are likely to make more friends.
2．Reference books must not be removed from the Reading Room.
3．We'll have an opportunity to exchange views with the manager tomorrow.
4．He told me all pieces of the news, but none of them was very exciting.
5．Charlie Chaplin is acknowledged as one of the most outstanding comedians
in the history of the cinema.
强技提能·知识应用
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Ⅰ.完形填空
About the year 1900，a small，darkhaired boy was often seen waiting outside
the back entrance of London theaters.His name was Charlie Chaplin.He looked
thin and hungry 1 his blue eyes were determined.He was hoping to get work
in show business.
When Chaplin couldn't get 2 ，he wandered about the city 3 ．He
found food and shelter 4 he could.Sometimes he was 5 to a home for
6 who had no parents.He was cold and miserable there and the children were
beaten for the 7 fault.
By the time he was thirty，Chaplin was the greatest，bestknown and bestloved
8 in the world.Chaplin's films have 9 a large audience in various
10 ．Even people who don't understand English can 11 Chaplin's films
because they are mostly 12 ．It isn't what he says that makes us laugh.It depends
upon little 13 that mean the 14 thing to people all over the world.
Having lived in America for forty years，Chaplin 15 to Switzerland.There
he died on Christmas Day 1977.He once 16 himself as a citizen of the world，
17 of any particular country.
He once wrote，“You have to believe in yourself.That's the 18 of
success.Even when I was in the children's home，when I was 19 about the
streets trying to find enough food to 20 to keep alive，even then I thought
of myself as the greatest actor in the world.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，文章就卓别林童年时期的悲惨经历、其
电影的风格及成功的秘诀进行了简要介绍。
1．A.but B．and
C．or D．because
A [空格后面的“determined”和前面的“thin and hungry”形成对比，故
此处用 but 表示转折。]
2．A.chance B．opportunity
C．work D．task
C [“work”与上一段的“He was hoping to get work in show business.”
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对应。]
3．A.shops B．streets
C．factories D．homes
B [由于没有工作，卓别林在城市的“大街(street)”上徘徊。]
4．A.whenever B．however
C．whatever D．wherever
D [因为没有工作，所以他到处流浪，寻找吃的东西和住所。]
5．A.sent away B．sent for
C．sent up D．sent off
A [be sent away to “被遣送到……”，符合上下文语境。]
6．A.boys B．girls
C．children D．adults
C [由“who had no parents”可知是 children。]
7．A.little B．few
C．least D．slightest
D [由前文的“cold and miserable”可知那里的孩子生活得不好，孩子们
会因为“极小的(slightest)”错误而被打。]
8．A.comedian B．tragedian
C．director D．artist
A [由下文“It isn't what he says that makes us laugh.”可知他是个“喜
剧演员(comedian)”。]
9．A.attacked B．attracted
C．paid D．enjoyed
B [他的电影“吸引(attract)”了一大批观众。]
10．A.places B．countries
C．theaters D．films
B [由后面的“Even people who don't understand English can...”可知他
的电影吸引了不同“国家(country)”的观众。]
11．A.see B．watch
C．enjoy D．value
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C [enjoy“欣赏”，符合上下文语境。]
12．A.silent B．noisy
C．quiet D．still
A [由上文的“Even people who don't understand English can...”及下句
“It isn't what he says that makes us laugh.”可判断电影通常是不出声的 。]
13．A.gestures B．language
C．activities D．actions
D [由上句“It isn't what he says that makes us laugh.”可知这里是靠“动
作(action)”来表达和语言同样的内容。]
14．A.easy B．same
C．different D．similar
B [卓别林通过动作来表达和语言“相同的(same)”内容。]
15．A.arrived B．reached
C．moved D．got
C [由前文的“Having lived in America”及后文的“Switzerland”可知他
“搬到了(move to)”瑞士。]
16．A.described B．instructed
C．conducted D．encouraged
A [他把自己“描述(describe)”为一个世界公民，而不是专属于某个国家
的公民。]
17．A.other than B．rather than
C．or rather D．other from
B [由空格前后的“a citizen of the world”及“any particular country”可
知，卓别林把自己看作一个世界公民，“而不是(rather than)”专属于某个国家的
公民。]
18．A.truth B．fact
C．reason D．secret
D [在卓别林看来，相信自己是成功的“秘诀(secret)”。]
19．A.wondering B．traveling
C．wandering D．walking
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C [与第 2 空后的“he wandered about the city ________”相呼应。]
20．A.drink B．sleep
C．hide D．eat
D [与前面的“He found food and shelter ________ he could.”相呼应。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2020·齐齐哈尔市模拟)As the saying goes, “A hero 1.________(know)
in the time of misfortune”. Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this. He is a doctor
in Guangdong, 2.________ saved many people's lives in 2003.
In 2003, SARS 3.________(break) out in Guangdong. Later, it spread across
China and other parts of the world. Patients coughed a lot and got fevers.
4.________(hundred) of patients even died from the disease. So everyone was
afraid of it. Zhong spent days and nights to find 5.________ cause of the disease.
Thanks 6.________ his way of treating, many patients began to get better. Zhong
finally won people's trust.
In early 2020, a disease 7.________(call) COVID19 hit Wuhan. It spread
around quickly and tens of thousands of people were infected. Zhong, 84, led
8.________(he) team to fight the illness. Zhong's team took many measures
9.________(cure) the patients with COVID19.He advised people to wear masks,
wash hands 10.________(frequent), stay at home and not to go to crowd places.
Now at the age of 84, Zhong still treats patients in the hospital and teaches
young doctors.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了钟南山院士在 2003 年 SARS
和 2020 年 COVID19 中所做的贡献。
1．is known [考查时态和语态。由于此处是谚语，应用一般现在时；hero
与 know 之间为动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态 is known。]
2．who [考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指人，并在从句
中作主语，故填关系代词 who。]
3．broke [考查时态。根据时间状语 In 2003 可知此处应为一般过去时，
故填 broke。]
4．Hundreds [考查单复数。Hundreds of 表示“数以百计的”，故填
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Hundreds。]
5．the [考查冠词。该处特指“这场疾病发生的原因，故填定冠词 the。]
6．to [考查介词。Thanks to 意为“多亏；因为”，为固定搭配，故填 to。]
7．called [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，________(call) COVID19
为分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a disease，动词 call 与 a disease 之间为动宾关系，
应用过去分词短语作定语，故填 called。]
8．his [考查代词。空格处作定语修饰后面的 team，应用形容词性物主代
词，故填 his。]
9．to cure [考查非谓语动词。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配，意为
“采取措施做某事”，故填 to cure。]
10．frequently [考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语修饰 wash hands，故填
frequently。]
话题写作
Step 1.写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①亚历山大·弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。
Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and was brought up by his mother
and his elder brother.
②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院校接受教育。
With their support, he got educated in a medical school in London.
③1906 年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。
In 1906, he graduated from this school as a top student.
④他对医学做出了巨大贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。
He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of
penicillin that made him earn lifelong honor．
⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝尔奖。
He was known for this achievement, and for it he received a Nobel Prize.
⑥显然，弗莱明是历史上杰出的科学家之一。
It was clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.
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Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
①用分词作状语改写句①
Alexander Flaming was born in Scotland, brought up by his mother and his
elder brother.
②用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句改写句⑤
He was known for this achievement, for which he received a Nobel Prize.
Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Alexander Flaming was born in Scotland, brought up by his mother and his
elder brother. With their support, he got educated in a medical school in London.
In 1906, he graduated from this school as a top student. After that he made great
contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that made
him earn lifelong honor. He was known for this achievement, for which he received
a Nobel Prize. It was clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.
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