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主题语境(四) 认识自我，丰富自我，完善
自我(1)
阅读理解
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ·B)
Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old
friend.There's a welcome familiarity－but also sometimes a slight suspicion that
time has changed you both，and thus the relationship.But books don't change，
people do.And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based
on our present mental register.It's true，the older I get，the more I feel time
has wings.But with reading，it's all about the present.It's about the now and what
one contributes to the now，because reading is a give and take between author and
reader.Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually.The first，which I take to reading
every spring，is Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast.Published in 1964，it's
his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉
的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is
Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm，her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔) about everything
and nothing.The third book is Julio Cortázar's Save Twilight：Selected Poems，
because poetry.And because Cortázar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books，these three were given to me as gifts，
which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that，while money
is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading an author's work is the highest
currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further
as time passes. But remember，it's you that has to grow and read and reread in
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order to better understand your friends.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，重读一本你读过很多次的书，感觉就像
和老朋友一起参加酒宴一样。重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在
我们当前的精神状态之上的，随着年龄的增长，你对书中内容的理解也逐步加深。
1．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writerreader relationship.
B．It's a window to a whole new world.
C．It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者认为重读的美妙之处在于
我们与作品的联系基于我们目前的精神状态，作者年龄越大，就越觉得时光如梭。
由此可推知，重读以前读过的书能让你加深对阅读内容的理解。随着年龄的增长，
你可能阅历更丰富，你对书中内容的理解也逐步加深。因此答案为 D。]
2．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A．It's a brief account of a trip.
B．It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.
C．It's a record of a historic event.
D．It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Published in 1964，it's his classic memoir
of 1920s Paris...an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.”
可知，A Moveable Feast 讲述年迈的海明威回忆青年时代在巴黎度过的日子，因
此本题答案为 B。]
3．What does the underlined word “currency” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Debt. B．Reward.
C．Allowance. D．Face value.
B [词义猜测题。根据最后一段的第二句可知，作者认为，虽然金钱确实
是美妙而必要的，但重读作家的著作是读者对该作家的最高奖励，因此画线词在
此处指奖励。]
4．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
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B．He's an editor.
C．He's very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm，
her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing.The third book is Julio
Cortázar's Save Twilight：Selected Poems，because poetry.”可以推断作者喜爱
诗歌。]
阅读七选五
(2018·北京卷)
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.
Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits.
The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events, personality traits(特
征), and our assessment of situations. 1
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take
hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic,
a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 2 The
reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to
one's personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People
who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset
tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 3 Also, sometimes preanger
does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before
a triggering event has occurred.
4 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of preanger, or
anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations
can create anger.
5 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons
for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in
mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases
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of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of
anger.
C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually
advised to reduce it.
D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they
have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the preanger state, where anger
is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing
to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what
triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指
出如何防止愤怒爆发。
1．F [考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个
主要原因： triggering(触发)events，personality traits(特征)，our assessment of
situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上
启下的作用，故 F 选项(如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了
解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。)承上启下，故选 F。]
2．G [考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事
件很多，例如：堵车、截止日期临近、身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发
一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特
征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现
象，故 G 选项(人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可
能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。)承上启下，故选 G。]
3．E [考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的
心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：
而且，有时候，preanger 并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生
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前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下
一句中的 preanger，故 E 选项(拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒
就在你的大脑背景中。)承上启下，故选 E。]
4．A [考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规
性的事件也会变成 preanger 或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观
点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故 A 选项(我们的对情况的态度和看
法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。)是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选 A。]
5．D [考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转
变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是
转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D 选项(愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们
认为他们有理由生气。)和下文构成转折关系，故选 D。]
完形填空
(2018·浙江卷)
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 1 to
have too much time?
I 2 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 3
a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework,
and I had to do it 4 ．
When I got into college, things 5 ．I suddenly found myself out of class
before noon time. Because of all this 6 time，there was no sense of 7
to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until
it later became a 8 . Once that happened, I just kept 9 my studying further
and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 10 really
late at night to get my work done.
One day I 11 a former classmate of mine who was 12 a lot of money
running a sideline(副业)．Since his regular job was 13 ， I asked him why
he just didn't do his sideline fulltime. He said without the job, he would 14
have too much time and would just do what I did back in 15 ．He said that
if he 16 the job, he would lose his 17 to work and succeed.
So, try 18 your time with other work. This is why there is a 19
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that if you want something done, ask a 20 person to do it.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过亲身经历告诉我们：拥有太多
时间就会拖延做事情，时间紧迫反而能合理安排时间把事情做好。
1．A．true B．fair
C．strange D．possible
D [句意：我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但是拥有的时间太多可能
会把事情做好吗？表示“可能的”，表示作者的疑问，故选 D。]
2．A．remember B．admit
C．understand D．expect
A [此处表示回忆起高中时自己的生活，表示“回忆起”是 remember back，
故选 A。]
3．A．watched B．loved
C．coached D．played
D [此处指自从我进行团体体育锻炼后多数时间在学校，表示“进行体育
锻炼”是 play sport，故选 D。]
4．A．at last B．right away
C．of course D．as usual
B [因为在校时间多，在家做作业的时间就少了，所以在家时必须马上写
作业。下文 do my school work immediately 给了提示，故选 B。]
5．A．happened B．repeated
C．changed D．mattered
C [大学生活和高中生活不一样，所以说发生了改变。根据常识选 C。]
6．A．extra B．difficult
C．valuable D．limited
A [此处指大学里有许多额外的时间，故选 A。]
7．A．duty B．achievement
C．urgency D．direction
C [大学里没有马上做作业的紧迫感，与高中时抓紧时间做作业形成对比，
故选 C。]
8．A．burden B．relief
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C．risk D．habit
D [由于不急着写作业，所以后来就形成了等的习惯。故选 D。]
9．A．pushing B．taking
C．setting D．calling
A [与上文的 waiting 呼应，指形成等的习惯后，我就不断地把学习往后推，
越推越远。根据常识也可知答案，故选 A。]
10．A．hanging out B．staying up
C．jogging round D．showing off
B [根据 late at night 可知是熬夜，此处指作业等到最后熬夜完成，故选 B。]
11．A．met B．helped
C．treated D．hired
A [此处指遇到了以前的同学，根据句意选 A。]
12．A．raising B．wasting
C．demanding D．making
D [此处指经营副业挣了许多钱，“挣钱”是 make money，故选 D。]
13．A．safe B．important
C．boring D．rewarding
C [因为他的常规工作是无聊的，所以作者建议他把副业作为全职工作。
故选 C。]
14．A．luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
D [朋友说如果没有这个工作，很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。根据句
意可知选 D。]
15．A．childhood B．college
C．town D．business
B [他就会像我大学时一样因为有太多的时间而不忙着做事，与上文内容
呼应，故选 B。]
16．A．quit B．found
C．accepted D．kept
A [如果他放弃工作，就会失去工作和成功的动力。与作者的建议呼应，
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故选 A。]
17．A．heart B．chance
C．drive D．way
C [此处指如果他放弃工作，就失去了紧迫感，就会失去工作和成功的动
力。drive 表示“动力”，故选 C。]
18．A．saving B．filling up
C．giving up D．trading
B [句意：尽量在你的时间里都安排上其他工作，使自己忙起来。故选 B。]
19．A．message B．story
C．saying D．fact
C [此处指 if you want something done, ask a________ person to do it
这句谚语，故选 C。]
20．A．careful B．busy
C．reliable D．kind
B [此处指如果你想做某事，请忙碌的人去做。忙碌的人会抓紧时间完成，
不忙的人只会拖延时间。故选 B。]
1．slight adj. 轻微的；略微的
2．suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑
3．thus adv. 因此；从而
4．relationship n. 关系；关联
5．transformative adj. 变化的
6．bond n. 纽带；关系
7．mental adj. 精神的；脑力的
8．annually adv. 每年；一年一次
9．memoir n. 回忆录
10．aging adj.变老的；上了年纪的
11．assessment n. 评定；估价
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12．physical adj. 物理的；身体的；物质的
13．psychological adj. 心理的；心理学的；精神上的
14．tolerance n. 宽容，容忍；耐力
15．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的
16．routine adj. 常规的，例行的 n. 常规，惯例
17．ignorance n. 无知，愚昧
18．occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件
19．extra adj. 额外的；另外收费的
1．extend v. 延伸；扩大
2．behavior n. 行为，举止；态度；反应
3．deadline n. 最终期限
4．event n. 事件；赛事
5．outlook n．展望；态度，观点；景色
6．regular adj. 规则的；有规律的；频繁的；经常做(或发生)的
7．fulltime adj. 全日制的；专职的
8．push v. 推动，对……施加压力，逼迫；努力争取
9．quit v．离开，辞去
10．drive n. 驱动力
1．ambition n．野心；雄心；抱负；志向→ambitious adj. 野心勃勃的；有
雄心的
2．poet n．诗人→poetic adj.诗歌的；诗意的→poetry n. 诗歌；诗歌艺术
3．personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personality n. 个性；品格；名
人→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自
4. balance n．平衡；余额；天平 v. 平衡；权衡 → imbalance n. 不平衡；
不安定→balanced adj.均衡的
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5．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．竞争； 比赛→competitor n．竞
争者→competitive adj.竞争的； 有竞争力的→competitiveness n. 竞争力
6．urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的→urgency n. 紧急；催促；紧急的事
7．bore v. 使厌烦→boring adj. 无聊的→bored adj. 无聊的；无趣的；烦人
的 →boredom n．厌倦；令人厌烦的事物
1．be based on 根据，以……为基础；建立在……基础上
2．pull one's own weight 努力做好自己分内的工作；尽本分
3．take to 喜欢
4．tend to 趋向；注意；易于；有……的倾向
5．play sport 进行体育锻炼
6．stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．The movie, based (base)on a reallife incident, turned out to be a success.
2．Though their personalities(personality) are different, they are getting along
well with each other.
3．He quitted/quit (quit) the tiresome job and had to tighten his belt.
4．Some like to visit the tall buildings while others tend to appreciate (appreciate)
the beauty of nature.
5．He took some books with him in order that he would not get bored (bore)
during the long journey.
6．The ancient Olympic Games were first held in Athens, in which only men
from the Greece had the honour to compete (compete)．
7．Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break
down.
8．Most of us need to lead more balanced(balance) lives to be healthy and
happy.
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9．Did the children take to him？
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．There's a welcome familiarity－but also sometimes a slight suspicion that
time has changed you both，and thus the relationship. 令人愉快的
2．But I imagine that，while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading
an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.回报；报酬
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1．The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.
[译文] 最好的书是那些随着时间的推移仍被人再次翻开的书。
2．Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would
take hundreds of pages.
[译文] 引发愤怒的事件太多了，要想把它们都描述出来需要大量的篇幅。
Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is
based on our present mental register.
[分析] The beauty of rereading 是句子的主语；lies in 是谓语；the idea
是宾语；idea 后是 that 引导的同位语从句。
[译文] 重读的美妙之处在于这样一种思维，即我们与作品之间的联系是基
于我们当下的思想流露。
2．While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts,
which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
[分析] 句中的 While 引导让步状语从句；主句中 these three 是主语；谓
语是 were given；which might add to the meaning I attach to them 是 which 引
导的非限制性定语从句。
[译文] 虽然我倾向于买很多书，但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的，这或许
会增加我赋予它们的意义。
3．With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger
throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons
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for our feelings.
[分析] 本句中使用了 with 的复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾补”。
[译文] 有了这些主要的原因，我们就可以评估我们一天中愤怒的程度，并
通过弄明白引发我们感情波动的原因来防止愤怒爆发。
4．Because of all this extra time，there was no sense of urgency to do my
school work immediately.
[分析] Because of all this extra time 作原因状语；there was no sense of
没有……感。
[译文] 因为有了这些额外的时间，我就没有必要急着马上做功课。
1．present vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；赠送；颁发；介绍 adj.出席的，
在场的(后置定语)；现在的，当前的(前置定语) n．礼物；现在，目前
(1)present sth.to sb.向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物
present sb. with sth. 赠送某人某物
(2)be present at 出席
(3)at the present time＝at present 目前；现在
for the present 眼前；暂时
in the present situation 在当前形势下
present him with a set of golf clubs 赠给他一套高尔夫球杆
a birthday present 生日礼物
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Only one third of the people present at the meeting voted for the new law.
②They gave me their favourite artworks as presents(present)，which they had
refused to sell to tourists.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
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在他陈述完他的观点后，他们开始鼓掌。
After he presented his opinion，they started to applaud.
2．balance vt.平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡；余额
(1)balance A against B 权衡/比较 A 和 B
balance A with B 使 A 和 B 平衡
(2)keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
(3)balanced adj.均衡的
[金句推送] As we all know, having a balanced diet is of great benefit to
us.
众所周知，均衡饮食对我们非常有益。
a good sense of balance 良好的平衡感
a balance of about $50，000 in my savings account
存款账户里有五万美元左右的余额
balance the budget each year 每年保持预算平衡
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the
disadvantages.
②People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced(balance) diet to
satisfy their nutritional needs.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
①你工作得太辛苦。你最好把工作和放松保持平衡。
You are working too hard. You'd better keep a balance between work and
relaxation．
②男孩追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his balance and had a
bad fall.
3．compete vt.比赛；竞争
(1)compete in 参加……比赛
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compete with/against...for 为争取……而与……竞争
(2)competition n．比赛
competitive adj.有竞争力的
competitor n．竞争者；对手
compete in the London marathon 参加伦敦马拉松比赛
compete against other people for the job 和其他人竞争这份工作
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①Life is like a long race where we compete with/against others to go beyond
ourselves.
② There is now intense competition(compete) between schools to attract
students.
③I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my
competitors(compete)．
④Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。
We can compete with students from other schools in debate contests or speech
contests.
4．upset adj.心烦意乱的 vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻；打乱；扰乱
(1)be upset about/over/at sth.为某事心烦
be upset to do sth./that...……让人不安/心烦
(2)It upsets sb.to do sth./that... 让某人心烦的是……
upset a bowl of soup 打翻一碗汤
upset our plan for a picnic 打乱了我们的野餐计划
an upset stomach 肠胃不适
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
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①My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about/over/at
it.
②She was upset to know(know) that her application for the position was
refused.
③He stood up suddenly，upsetting(upset) a cup of coffee on my shirt.
[能力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor, which
upsets me.
①高级表达：It upsets me that I don't know enough words and my grammar
is also poor.(it 作形式主语)
②高级表达：What upsets me is that I don't know enough words and my
grammar is also poor.(what 引导主语从句)
[名师点津] (1)upset 充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。
(2)upset 的过去式和过去分词形式仍为 upset；其现在分词形式为 upsetting。
5．experience vt.经历，体验 n．经历；经验
(1)have experience in ...在……方面有经验
by/from one's experience 根据某人的经验看
(2)experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的
be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验
experience a culture of amazing depth and variety
体验一种具有惊人深度和广度的文化
experience foreign cultures and gain friendship
体验外国文化并获取友谊
offer us valuable experience for the next competition
为我们参加下次比赛提供了宝贵的经验
[名师点津] experience 作“经历”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，
是不可数名词，其前可以用 little, much 等来修饰。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
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①It's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and
meaningful college experience.
②As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced(experience) players to
give training to us every Friday afternoon.
③In the last thirty years, our country has experienced(experience) great
changes.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
中国是世界第二大经济体，在经济发展方面有经验。
①China is the world's second largest economy and has experience in economic
development.(experience n．)
②China is the world's second largest economy and is experienced in economic
development.(experienced adj.)
6．likely adj.可能的 adv.很可能
(1)sb./sth.be likely to do...某人/某物可能会……
It is likely that...很可能……
not likely 绝不可能；才不呢
(2)unlikely adj.不可能的
be likely to arrive a bit late 可能会晚点到
be likely to have high blood pressure and heart attacks
可能会患高血压和心脏病
be likely to stick to healthy food choices
很可能会坚持选择健康食物
[金句推送] If you can find suitable learning methods，your learning efficiency
is likely to improve.
如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就很可能会提高。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①He is hardly likely to admit(admit) he was wrong.
②It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward
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and challenging.
③He is unlikely(likely) to come to the party tonight because his mother is
ill.
[能力提升]－－一句多译
年轻劳动力的极度缺乏很可能会在中国发生。
①A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China.
②It's likely that a great decline in young work force will occur in China.
[名师点津] likely 指从表面迹象来判断，表面上看来有可能。常用结构：
Sth./Sb.is likely to do sth.；It's likely that ...；possible 指客观上有可能，也
许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用结构：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It
is possible that ...；probable 表示有几分根据的推测，比 possible 表示的可能性
大，一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构：It is probable that...。
1．Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night
to get my work done.
然后我到了晚上熬夜到很晚来完成工作的地步。
[句型公式] where 引导定语从句修饰抽象名词 point。
先行词是 case, condition, situation, position, stage 等名词时，表示情况、
方面、处境时，用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。先行词是 point，表示地点，
用 where 引导定语从句；表示时间，用 when 引导定语从句。但先行词是 occasion
时，只能用关系副词 when。
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①We had reached the point when there was no money left.
②Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to
use the language properly.
③To those successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity where sight matters
more than hearing.
④He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
⑤Well，now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles
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of ecology.
[能力提升]－－完成句子
她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。
She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use．
2．This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask
a busy person to do it.
这就是为什么有一种说法，如果你想要完成某事，让一个忙碌的人去做。
[句型公式] This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那
就是……的原因”，用来表示结果。
(1)That's because...那是因为……(because 从句表示原因)
(2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用 that 引导，
而不用 because)
[基础练习]－－单句语法填空
①I have a good command of English and is easy to get along with. That's
why I'm writing to apply for the job.
②From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent
of its surface is covered by water.
③However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you
want to to go the garden.
[能力提升]－－同义句改写
He had an urgent thing to deal with. That is why he didn't attend the meeting.
→He didn't attend the meeting. That's because he had an urgent thing to
deal with.
夯基固本·知识落实
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of
a balanced (balance) diet to their health.
2．Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will
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be admitted as competitors(competitor)．
3．There is no sense upsetting (upset) yourself about it now. Look forward
and everything will be all right.
4．He is planning to present(present) his opinion at the meeting to be held
next week.
5．They are not only experienced (experience)and knowledgeable, but also
patient and understanding.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
2．The book was based on personal experience.
3．I will leave the matter as it stands for the present.
4．Sorry，we are late. That's because we were held up in the traffic jam.
5．The baby has reached the stage where he can stand up.
强技提能·知识应用
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2020·开封市高三模拟)A number of years ago I lost all of the hearing in
one of my ears overnight.At first，it seemed like it could be a minor 1 .Two
days later，I was supposed to perform at an event，and I sat 2 my turn in
the dark， 3 some medicine from my doctor with orange juice.The hearing didn't
4 ．Soon after，I was 5 I had a brain tumor (肿瘤)．The following 6
left me exhausted and I was spending more time alone；but that 7 me with
a lot more time for art.
I had spent most of my time in college studying the 8 wishing there was
a(n) 9 to combine technology with the work instead of just using computers
as a tool.As a girl who had spent most of my time 10 ，it had simply never
11 to me or anyone else that I could do technical work.In the 1990s，that didn't
even 12 ．But，later，as part of the Design and Technology Department at
Parsons，I went through a crash 13 in hardware and software engineering and
fell in love with it for the purpose of art.
So as my body was 14 well，I began doing small 15 at night: sketches
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(素描)，models，studying circuits (电路)．I was 16 that if anything happened
to my other 17 ，I wouldn't be able to communicate.As I focused on the
reality of daily 18 failure in my own life，I began to pay more attention to
the physical objects such as our phones，our Internet，our radios，etc.I began building
objects to 19 possible future disasters of communication in our society.
Over these years of hard work，the most 20 things I've learned are that
we have to make our own opportunities，we have to make time for the work，
and we can't give up.
【语篇解读】 许多年前，“我”在即将参加演出时一只耳朵失聪，后被告
知患上了脑瘤。在治疗期间，“我”有了更多时间思考美术。随着身体的恢复，
“我”开始做小实验，搞发明。通过多年的努力工作“我”意识到：我们必须为
自己创造机会、抽出时间工作，永不言弃。
1．A．success B．problem
C．change D．dream
B [根据上文中的“I lost all of the hearing in one of my ears overnight”
并结合该句可知，刚开始这似乎是一个小问题，故 B 项正确。]
2．A．thinking about B．caring about
C．asking for D．waiting for
D [根据该句中的“I was supposed to perform at an event”可知，“我”
要参加演出，故此处应是“我”在黑暗中等候上场，故 D 项正确。]
3．A．washing down B．taking out
C．searching for D．paying for
A [根据该句中的“some medicine from my doctor with orange juice”可
知，“我”用橙汁将医生给“我”开的药服下。A 项意为“(借助饮料等)将(食物
或药物)吞下”，故 A 项正确。]
4．A．lose B．affect
C．return D．hurt
C [根据后一句中的“I had a brain tumor(肿瘤)”可知，“我”患上了脑
瘤；据此可知，“我”的听力并没有恢复。C 项意为“恢复”，故 C 项正确。]
5．A．agreed B．told
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C．armed D．covered
B [根据该句中的“I was________ I had a brain tumor(肿瘤)”并结合常
识可知，“我”被告知患上了脑瘤。B 项意为“告知”，故 B 项正确。]
6．A．instruction B．discovery
C．treatment D．promise
C [根据上文可知，“我”被告知患上了脑瘤；据此可知，此处表示接下来
的治疗。C 项意为“治疗”，故 C 项正确。]
7．A．left B．interrupted
C．rescued D．surprised
A [根据该句中的“I was spending more time alone；but that________ me
with a lot more time for art”可知，由于患上脑瘤，“我”有更多的时间独处，
而这让“我”有更多的时间花在美术上。A 项意为“留下”，故 A 项正确。]
8．A．dance B．computer
C．medicine D．art
D [根据上文中的“art”可知，此处表示“我”将在大学里的大部分时间
用在学习美术上，故 D 项正确。]
9．A．way B．accident
C．corner D．luck
A [根据该句中的“to combine technology with the work instead of just using
computers as a tool”可知， “我”在大学里的大部分时间都在学习美术，“我”
希望有一种方法可以把技术和工作结合起来，而不是仅仅把电脑作为一种工具来
使用。A 项意为“方式，方法”，故 A 项正确。]
10．A．reading B．writing
C．teaching D．drawing
D [根据上文讲的“我”将在大学里的大部分时间用在学习美术上；又结
合该句中的“As a girl who had spent most of my time________ ”可知，此处
表示“我”将大部分时间花在绘画上。D 项意为“绘画”，故 D 项正确。]
11．A．appealed B．passed
C．occurred D．continued
C [根据该句中的“it had simply never________ to me or anyone else that
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I could do technical work”可知，“我”或其他人确实从来没有想过“我”能做
技术工作。it occurs to sb.(that)为固定用法，意为“想到……”。]
12．A．permit B．exist
C．end D．move
B [根据上一句话的内容并结合该句中的“didn't even”可知，在二十世纪
九十年代，这种行为甚至不存在(exist)。]
13．A．meeting B．understanding
C．check D．course
D [根据该句中的“as part of the Design and Technology Department at
Parsons”，并结合语境可知，此处表示“我”参加了一个硬件和软件工程的速成
课程。D 项意为“课程”，故 D 项正确。]
14．A．recovering B．running
C．playing D．falling
A [根据该句中的“I began doing small...studying circuits(电路)”和语境
可知，“我”开始做小试验；据此可知，“我”的身体正在顺利地康复。A 项意为
“康复”，故 A 项正确。]
15．A．talks B．discussions
C．experiments D．predictions
C [参见上题解析。C 项意为“试验”，故 C 项正确。]
16．A．interested B．afraid
C．satisfied D．curious
B [根据该句中的“I wouldn't be able to communicate”可知，“我”担心
如果自己另一只耳朵也出问题，“我”就无法与别人交流了。]
17．A．arm B．hand
C．ear D．leg
C [参见上题解析。]
18．A．power B．heart
C．business D．communication
D [根据上文中的“communicate”，并结合该句中的“I began to pay more
attention to the physical objects such as our phones，our Internet，our radios, etc”
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可知，当“我”关注自己生活中日常沟通失败的现实时，“我”开始更多地关注
我们的电话、网络、收音机等实物，故 D 项正确。]
19．A．mark B．avoid
C．accept D．forget
B [根据该句“I began building objects to________ possible future disasters
of communication in our society.”并结合语境可知，“我”开始发明物品，以避
免未来在社会中可能出现的交流问题。B 项意为“避免”，故 B 项正确。]
20．A．important B．necessary
C．probable D．difficult
A [根据语境可知，在这些年的努力工作中，“我”意识到的最重要的事情
是我们必须自己创造机会、抽出时间工作，永不言弃。A 项意为“重要的”，故
A 项正确。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
Chinese researchers collected about 30 million digital behavioral records of 18，
960 UESTC undergraduate students in three years. They have analyzed big data
1.________(find) that university students with better academic performance are
more likely to eat breakfast, 2.________(especial) on cold days.
In contrast to Western countries, teachers and administrators in most Asian
3.________(country) often ask students to be selfdisciplined both in and out of
class. The researchers want to find 4.________ routines in life help a student get
a better academic performance.
In most Chinese universities, every student owns a campus smart card with
realname registration, 5.________ can be used for student identification and serves
as a payment medium on campus. The behavioral records were on 6.________(they)
campus smart cards, 7.________(cover) when they entered the library, took a
shower, washed clothes, paid for meals in the cafeteria and other components of
8.________(day) routines.
The date show that the students with better performance are likely to overcome
difficulties and stick 9.________ their routine even on chilly mornings. The less
the students are affected by weather conditions in keeping life routines, the more
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selfdisciplined they are and the 10.________(good) grades they can get, said Gao
Jian, another researcher on the study.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，中国研究人员通过分析大量数据发现，
学习成绩好的大学生更有可能按时在食堂吃早餐，尤其是在寒冷的季节。
1．to find [考查不定式作状语。此处意为“他们分析了大数据以弄清学习
成绩好的大学生……”，不定式作目的状语。]
2．especially [考查副词。本空所填词修饰介词短语 on cold days，应用副
词，意为“尤其是在寒冷的日子”。]
3．countries [考查名词的数。country 是可数名词，其前有 most，故应
用复数形式。]
4．if/whether [考查宾语从句的引导词。本句意为“研究人员想发现是不
是生活有规律有助于提高学生成绩”，所填词引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，故应
用 if 或 whether。]
5．which [考查定语从句的引导词。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，从句缺
少主语，先行词是 a campus smart card, 故应用 which。]
6．their [考查形容词性物主代词。本空所填的词作名词 campus smart cards
的定语，提示词是代词，故应为形容词性物主代词。]
7．covering [考查非谓语动词作状语。此处意为“这些记录包括去图书馆、
洗浴、洗衣服……”，records 与 cover 是主动关系，故应用现在分词 covering。]
8．daily [考查形容词作定语。本空所填词作名词 routines 的定语，表明
其特性，故应用形容词。]
9．to [考查固定搭配。 stick to “坚持”，是固定搭配。]
10．better [考查固定结构。由空前的 the more 可知，此处是“the ＋比
较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，故本空填比较级 better。]
话题写作
Step 1.写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①我写信申请学生志愿者的职位。
I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
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②通过从事这项工作，我能够提高我的组织能力和英语口语水平。
By taking up the work, I will be able to improve my organisational ability
as well as my spoken English.
③我曾经被别人帮助过，这对我有重大影响，因此我要从事这项工作作为对
这种善意的回应。
I was once helped by others, and it had a profound effect on me, so I'll
take up the post in response to the kindness.
④我主动帮助我的老师们组织了几次令人满意的课外活动，并得到了老师们
和同学们的赞赏。
I offered to help my teachers organize several satisfying afterschool activities，
and they were appreciated by both my teachers and classmates.
⑤我相信我能胜任这个职位。
I am sure that I can be qualified for the post．
⑥如果你能够给我提供这个机会我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could offer me the chance.
Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
①用非限制性定语从句改写句④
I offered to help my teachers organize several satisfying afterschool activities,
which were appreciated by both my teachers and classmates.
②用 appreciate 改写句⑥
I would appreciate it if you could offer me the chance.
Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.For one thing，
by taking up the work, I will be able to improve my organisational ability as well
as my spoken English.For another，I was once helped by others, and it had a
profound effect on me, so I'll take up the post in response to the kindness.What's
more，I offered to help my teachers organize several satisfying afterschool activities,
which were appreciated by both my teachers and classmates.I am sure that I can
be qualified for the post.I would appreciate it if you could offer me the chance.
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