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主题语境(二) 科技发展与信息技术创新，
科学精神，信息安全
阅读理解
A (2020·全国卷Ⅱ·B)
Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but
researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young
children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between
ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a
significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents'
income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during
everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and
46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did
not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes，”Levine
said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，
and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher
income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both
boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended
to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more
spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了接触智力游戏有助于孩子发展与数学相关的
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技能，特别是孩子的空间技能。
1．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A．Building confidence.
B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning selfcontrol.
D．Gaining hightech knowledge.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine...found children
who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.” 以及
第三段内容可知，孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选 B。]
2．What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?
A．Parents' age.
B．Children's imagination.
C．Parents' education.
D．Childparent relationship.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Puzzle play was found to be a
significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents'
income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.”可知，Levine 在设
计实验时，考虑到了父母的收入、教育程度以及与孩子说话的多少。故选 C。]
3．How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?
A．They play with puzzles more often.
B．They tend to talk less during the game.
C．They prefer to use more spatial language.
D．They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“However，boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls...”可知，男孩较女孩而言，倾向于玩更复杂
的智力游戏。故选 D。]
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method.
B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist.
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D．A teaching program.
B [主旨大意题。阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段“The findings were
published in the journal Developmental Science.”可知，该篇文章主要介绍的是一
项科学研究。故选 B。]
B (2020·天津 7 月卷·C)
For people who are interested in sound ， the field of sound technology is
definitely making noise. In the past，sound engineers worked in the back rooms of
recording studios ， but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their
knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products
based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon.Imagine that a police officer is chasing a
thief.The thief tries to escape.And the officer can't let him get away.He pulls out a
special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on.The thief drops to the
ground.This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD，远程定向
声波发射器)．It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a
person.The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into
the ears of that person，but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet ， sound can now create
silence.Let's say you are at the airport，and the little boy on the seat next to you is
humming (哼唱) a short commercial song.He hums it over and over again，and you
are about to go crazy.Thanks to the Silence Machine，a British invention，you can get
rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.One may wonder how the
Silence Machine works.Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming
sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.The two sets of waves cancel each
other out.Simply turn the machine on，point it at the target，and your peace and quiet
comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much
the same way spotlights (聚光灯) are used in the theater.A spotlight lights up only one
section of a stage; similarly，a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted
area.This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a
new way to attract customers.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the
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various food choices on the menu ， allowing customers more control over the
atmosphere in which they are dining.Directed sound is also beginning to appear in
shopping centers and even at homes.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了声音技术领域的三项发明。
5．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?
A．It causes temporary hearing loss.
B．It slows down a running man.
C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.
D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful
that it temporarily disables a person.”可知，远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲
聋的声音，这种声音让人非常痛苦，会使人暂时残疾。由此可知，这种暂时残疾
就是暂时性失聪，所以选择 A 项。]
6．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________．
A．silence the people around you
B．remove the sound of commercials
C．block the incoming sound waves
D．stop unwanted sound from affecting you
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well，it functions by analyzing the waves
of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves...and your peace
and quiet comes back.”可知，Silence Machine 能避免不必要的声音影响你，所以
选择 D 项。]
7．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?
A．They travel in circles.
B．They clear the atmosphere.
C．They can be transformed into energy.
D．They can be directed onto a specific area.
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a
stage；similarly，a ‘spotsound’ creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”可
知，spotsound 和 spotlight 的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域，所以
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选择 D 项。]
8．Directed sound can be used for ________．
A．creative designs of restaurant menus
B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage
C．different choices of music for businesses
D．strict control over any suspicious customer
C [ 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 中 的 “This can be useful for
businesses...Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food
choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which
they are dining.”可知，Directed sound 可以用于公司为顾客提供不同的音乐，所
以选择 C 项。]
9．What does the passage focus on?
A．How professionals invented sound products.
B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C．The growing interest in the study of sound.
D．How sound engineers work in their studios.
B [主旨大意题。作者在第一段中抛出话题“声音技术”，并在第二、三、
四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。由此可知，文章主要关注的是声音技术
领域的发明，所以选择 B 项。]
C (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common ， the market is
growing for biometric( 生 物 测 量 ) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep
others out of private espaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，
though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost
device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard
precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers
apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing
things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.These
patterns are unique to each person. Thus ， the keyboard can determine people's
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identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer it's
connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already
familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the
word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device
could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very
low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty
straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike
parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明
了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。
10．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys.
B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.
D．To cut the cost of espace protection.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that
they have come up with a lowcost device that gets around this problem：a smart
keyboard.” 以 及 第 一 段 最 后 一 句 “At present ， these technologies are still
expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护
技术的成本。]
11．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A．Computers are much easier to operate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
C [推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就
是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to
each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities...”可知，正是因
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为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏
等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故 C 项符合题意。]
12．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A．It'll be environmentfriendly.
B．It'll reach consumers soon.
C．It'll be made of plastics.
D．It'll help speed up typing.
B [细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位
到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”
该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选 B 项。]
13．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
D [ 文 章 出 处 题 。 根 据 本 文 的 话 题 “ 智 能 键 盘 ” 以 及 第 二 段 中 的
“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost
device...”，尤其是其中的关键词 researchers，lowcost device 等来推断，这篇文
章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。]
D (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms( 微 生
物 )from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space
Station ， so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA
overcoming this very tiny big problem ？ It's turning to a bunch of high school
kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，
like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport
High School in Fairport，New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA
engineers.For the past two years，Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill
bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案)．“We
don't give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says
Florence Gold，a project manager.
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“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost
are no grades，other than ‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically，it's
‘I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to
NASA.’Engineers come and really do an inperson review，and ...it's not a very nice
thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions
and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I
don't teach.”And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily
with NASA engineers about the problem ， readying a workable solution to test in
space.
【语篇解读】 主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：处理太空细菌。本文
是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与 NASA 合作的联合科研项目，解决国际
空间站中的细菌问题。这类语篇对于启发与培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引
导作用。
14．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear in different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The microorganisms from our bodies
grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station ， so astronauts
spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站
的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细
菌很难清除，故答案为 A。]
15．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A．To strengthen teacherstudent relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high
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school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH 项目的目的是把学校教
育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为 D。]
16．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A．Check their product.
B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules.
D．Grade their homework.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“Engineers come and really do an
inperson review...It's a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA 工程师
亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为 A。]
17．What is the best title for the text?
A．NASA：The Home of Astronauts
B．Space：The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature：An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
B [标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研
究联系起来，使学生们得到 NASA 工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太
空，还要有学生，选项 B 将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为 B。]
1．psychologist n．心理学家
2．frequently adv.频繁地
3．professional n．专家；专业人员
4．phenomenon n．现象
5．temporarily adv.临时地
6．atmosphere n．大气；氛围
7．identity n．身份
8．precisely adv.精确地
9．straightforward adj.坦率的
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10．overcome v．战胜，克服
11．gravity n．重力
12．project n．工程；项目
13．basically adv.基本上
14．impact n．影响
15．instrument n．工具
1．puzzle v．迷惑 n．谜
2．control v．控制
3．point v．指 n．点
4．deadly adj.致命的
5．upset adj.沮丧 v．使不安
6．stage n．舞台，阶段
7．review n．评论
8．absorb v．吸收
1．assess v．评估→assessment n．评估
2．state v．陈述→n. statement 陈述
3．disable v．使失去能力→disability n．残疾，失能
4．direct v．指示，指导→direction n．方向
5．private adj.私人的→privacy n．隐私
6．secure adj.安全的→ security n．安全
7．press v．按，压→pressure n．压力
8．strength n．力量；力气→strengthen v．加强
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1．thanks to 幸亏，由于
2．at present 目前
3．come up with 提出
4．apply to 适用于
5．other than 除了
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had
better strengthen(strength) the relationship between us.
2．The mirrors are controlled (control) by a computer that directs them to turn
along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.
3．I was upset to find(find) my wallet missing on arriving at the airport.
4．At present，English is playing a more and more important part in our life.
5．Find out ahead of time what regulations apply to your situation.
6．She makes no reference to any feminist (女权主义者)work other than her
own.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,
on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes. 变换；转换
2．The thief drops to the ground. 倒下
3．For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.
渴望
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1．Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost
device that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.
[译文] 佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们已研发出一个低成本的设备来
解决这个问题：智能键盘。
2．Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the
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problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
[译文] 戈登说，他的学生每天都会给美国宇航局的工程师发邮件讨论这个
问题，准备着一个可行的太空测试方案。
Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young
children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between
ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.
[分析] 本句是复合句。主句主语是 Psychologist Susan Levine，其后跟了一
个较长的同位语结构。who 引导定语从句，修饰前面的 children。
[译文] 心理学家苏珊·莱文是芝加哥大学幼儿算术能力开发的专家，她发现
在 2—4 岁之间玩拼图游戏的孩子后期都发展出更好的空间技能。
2 ． The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during
everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and
46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
[分析] 本句主语是 the researchers，谓语部分有两个，analyzed video
recordings 和 found children...have better spatial skills。who 引导定语从句，修饰
children；when 后面跟过去分词短语，相当于状语从句。
[译文] 研究人员分析了 53 对孩子和父母在家中日常活动的录像，发现当
在 54 个月大评估时，26 个月到 46 个月大的玩拼图游戏的孩子有更好的空间技
能。
3．In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios,
but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience
with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we
call sound.
[分析] 本句是由 but 连接的两个分句构成。but 前的分句是个简单句。but
后分句的主语是 many of today's sound professionals，谓语部分是 are sharing..., to
create new products 是目的状语，based on the phenomenon 是过去分词短语作定
语，修饰 products，we call sound 是定语从句，修饰 phenomenon，省略了引导词
that/which。
[译文] 过去音响工程师在录音棚的后台工作，但现在的很多音响专业人员
则和其他领域的专业人员分享他们的知识和经验，以便创造出基于我们称之为
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“声音”这种现象的新产品。
4 ． Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension,
whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of
whether someone gets the password right.
[分析] 主语是 the keyboard，谓语是 determine。本句的宾语较为复杂，包
括 people's identities 和宾语从句 whether they should be given access to...，二者通
过 and 连接。破折号后的内容是进一步解释， 其中 whether someone gets the
password right 是 regardless of 的宾语从句。
[译文] 因此，键盘可以确认人们的身份，进而决定是否应该允许他们访问
键盘所连接的电脑，不管某人是否正确输入了密码。
1．amount n．数量 v．总计，相当于
(1)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
(2)“huge amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
(3)amount to 总计；达到
a huge amount of coal 大量的煤炭
huge amounts of waste 大量的垃圾
amount to a refusal 相当于拒绝
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A good amount of sleep every night is(be) important for your health.
②The total sales of the company didn't amount to more than a million dollars.
[能力提升]——一句多译
为了缓解交通压力，迄今为止已经花了大量的钱修新公路。
①In order to ease the traffic pressure, a huge/large amount of money has been
spent on the new highways so far.(amount)
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②In order to ease the traffic pressure, huge/large amounts of money have been
spent on the new highways so far.(amounts)
2．point n．观点；地点；要点；阶段；分数 v．指向；面向；暗示
(1)on the point of 正要……的时候
(2)from one's point of view 在某人看来
(3)there is no point of doing sth.做某事没有意义
make a point of doing sth.特意做某事
(4)to the point 切题；
off the point 离题
(5)point out 指出
make a note of the key points in class 在课堂上记下要点
on the point of saying something when interrupted 正要说点什么，突然被打断
了
point out the spelling mistakes in his writing 指出他写作中的拼写错误
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You must keep these points(point) in mind while setting your goals.
②These teachings lit up my mind, pointed (point) out the direction and gave me
endless strength.
③It was a turning point, a sign that things are starting to go in our favor.
④Let's come straight to the point because we don't have enough time.
[能力提升] ——一句多译
她正要出门，这时电话铃响了。
①She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang. (point)
②She was about to go out when the telephone rang. (about)
3．range n．山脉；范围；一系列 v．排列；变化；变动
(1)range from...to...＝ range between...and...
在……范围内变动
(2)a range of 一系列……
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a wide range of 大范围的；各种各样的
(3)in/within the range (of sth.) 在……范围内
out of/beyond the range (of sth.) 在……范围外
a range of products 一系列产品
a wide range of social，cultural and economic backgrounds 不同的社会、文化
和经济背景
in the 16－19 age range 在 16 到 19 岁之间
a mountain range 山脉
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① The national park has a large collection of wildlife ， ranging(range) from
butterflies to elephants.
②The price of the car ranges from 20，000 dollars to 30，000 dollars, which is
within his range, so he decides to buy it at once.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
普通表达：In addition to these traditional activities，we have many different
choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
高级表达：In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wide range of
choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
4．direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的
(1)direction n．方向；指导；指示；说明书(常用复数)
in the direction of 朝……方向
in all directions＝in every direction 朝四面八方
under the direction of 在……的指导下
(2)directly adv.直接地 conj.一……就……
direct one's attention to 将某人的注意力转向……
a new film directed by a new director 新导演导演的一部新电影
run away in the direction of the cinema 向着电影院的方向跑去
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[一词多义]——写出下列句中 direct 的词性和含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them
to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.v．指
挥
②I love New Yorkers—they're sharp, funny, and direct.adj.直率的
③The Beijing's 8minute show directed by Zhang Yimou attracted the world.v.
导演
④(2019·全国卷 Ⅲ)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between
several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to
midMarch...adj.直接的
[能力提升]——完成句子
①老师一进来，大家都静了下来。
Directly/As soon as/The moment the teacher came in，everyone was quiet.
②在老师的指导下，他很容易完成了工作。
Under the direction of the teacher，he finished the work easily.
③在使用该设备之前一定要先阅读使用说明。
Be sure to read the directions before using the equipment.
5．measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量；判定 n．计量制；计量单位；措施
(1)measure...by...用……来衡量……
be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量
(2)take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事)
make...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸订做……
take effective measures 采取有效措施
measuring instruments 测量仪器
measure more than 9 meters in height 高达 9 米多
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the
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old one, is due to be completed in 2022.
②We must take preventive measures(measure) to reduce crime in the area.
[能力提升]——句式升级
普通表达： It's high time that we should take/took measures to prevent air from
being polluted.
高级表达：It's high time that measures should be taken/were taken to prevent air
from being polluted．(被动语态)
1．At present, these technologies are still expensive，though．
不过，目前这些技术依然昂贵。
[句型公式] 本句使用了 though 的句型，表示“不过，然而”。
(1)though 用作副词，此用法放在所引导句子的末尾或者中间，常用逗号隔
开，相当于 however。
(2)though 用作连词可以放在所引导分句的句首，表示“尽管”，相当于
although。
(3)用于倒装句，相当于 as。
[基础练习]——完成句子
①尽管他是个孩子，但干得很好。
Child though/as he was, he did quite well.
②工作很辛苦，不过我乐意干。
It's hard work；I enjoy it, though.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他可能会拒绝，不过问一下也没什么坏处。
①He'll probably say no, though it's worth asking.
②He'll probably say no. It's worth asking，though/however．
③Although/Though he'll probably say no, it's worth asking.
2．There almost are no grades，other than “Are you working towards your
goal？”
几乎没有成绩等级，除了问一下“你在朝着目标努力吗？”
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(1)other than 可以表示“与……不同的”。
(2)other than 常常可译为“除了……以外”。
(3)no...other than 作“除……外……不”讲。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Does anybody other than you yourself know this?
②The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
[能力提升]——完成句子
我们六月份外出， 除此之外，我整个夏天都会在这里。
We are going away in June but other than that I'll be here all summer.
夯基固本·知识落实
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured(measure)
only by examination results.
2．He was at great pains to point(point) out my mistake.
3．Large amounts of water are(be) needed for the crops as a result of the dry
climate.
4．I have no ambitions other than to have(have) a happy life.
5．There is no such thing as failure in the world.Failure is just life trying moving
us in another direction(direct)．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Though friends play an important part in our lives, we now lack time to
communicate with them face to face.
2．Thanks to my English teacher's help，my English scores are always on the top
of my class.
3．After school，she directly went off in the direction of the cinema to see the
new film directed by the famous director.
4．As you can see, our government has taken a range of measures to protect and
improve our living surroundings.
5．So far no one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs
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died out.
强技提能·知识应用
Ⅰ.阅读七选五
(2020· 4 月模拟)If you are thinking about redecorating the home，
you are probably searching about interior( 内 部 的 )decoration ideas.Redecorating
presents a great chance to reflect your personality by displaying your style and
interest.It will be easy to redecorate the home if money is not a restriction. 1 Here
are some tips on how to do so：
Search some magazines.You can get dozens of interior decoration ideas from
countless magazines and TV programs.Some programs tend to show less costly
interior decoration ideas. 2 It's a good way of comparing different styles.Here you
can make a distinction between the country style and the contemporary style.
Fond of primitive style.If you are fond of primitive or traditional style，warmer
colors are the best for the room.These colors go with all kinds of cloth of old style and
wooden furniture. 3
Modern style.If you like modern style，use brighter colors instead of white and
offwhite.Home decoration of these styles includes minimum disorder and a lot of
free space and light.Leather furniture matches the room ： white or black with
contrasting cushions(靠垫)per seating place. 4
5 This often occurs anyway，especially if the people give you furniture or
you inherit(继承)the same.If you wish to combine different pieces of furniture from
different styles，you need to bridge the gap between them.This can be done easily with
materials like throw pillows，wall hangings and carpets.
A．A white one on a black sofa suits here.
B．There is nothing wrong in mixing two styles.
C．Another effective and affordable option is by surfing the Internet.
D．The combinations and possibilities in the first decoration are endless.
E．Autumn colors go well to produce a warm，friendly and pleasant atmosphere.
F．Nevertheless，the question for most is how to redecorate the home within
limited budget.
G．The walls tend to have one or two pieces of wall art rather than 6 to 10 of the
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older time.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了几种重新装修的方法，利用
这些方法装修可以展示你的风格和兴趣，反映你的个性。
1．F [细节句。上文“It will be easy to redecorate the home if money is not a
restriction.(如果钱不受限制的话，重新装修房子会很容易。)”与 F 项
“Nevertheless，the question for most is how to redecorate the home within limited
budget.(然而，对大多数人来说，问题是如何在有限的预算内重新装修房子。)”
衔接自然，都谈到和装修有关的资金问题，其中 money 和 budget 属于近义词复
现，故选 F 项。]
2．C [过渡句。上文提到了一种建议：“Search some magazines.”，而 C 项
“Another effective and affordable option is by surfing the Internet.” 中 的 关 键 词
Another 承接上文，前后部分介绍了两种寻找装修风格的途径，故选 C 项。]
3．E [细节句。上文“These colors go with all kinds of cloth of old style and
wooden furniture.(这些颜色与各种旧式布料和木制家具相配。)”与 E 项“Autumn
colors go well to produce a warm，friendly and pleasant atmosphere.(秋天的颜色很
适合产生一种温暖、友好和愉快的气氛)”相呼应，前后话题一致，都是关于颜
色和其他部分的搭配，其中 colors 是关键词，属于原词复现，故选 E 项。]
4．A [细节句。上文“white or black with contrasting cushions per seating place”
与 A 项“A white one on a black sofa suits here.”相呼应，都讲述了颜色对比鲜明的
话题，其中 white 和 black 是关键词，属于原词复现，故选 A 项。]
5．B [主题句。根据下文“If you wish to combine different pieces of furniture
from different styles ，you need to bridge the gap between them.This can be done
easily with materials like throw pillows，wall hangings and carpets.”可知，本段主
要讲述了把两种风格的家具混合在一起增加美感，故 B 项“There is nothing
wrong in mixing two styles.(把两种风格混在一起没有问题。)”可作为本段主题
句。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the
far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang'e4 probe(探测器)—the name was
inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— 1.________(touch) down last week
21/23
in the South PoleAitken basin.Landing on the moon's far side is 2.________(extreme)
challenging.Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a
probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3.________ it
could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of
particular 4.________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环
形山)，more so 5.________ the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the
instruments onboard Chang'e4 6.________(find) and study areas of the South
PoleAitken basin.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown
University，says，“because it 7.________(mean) we have the chance to obtain
information about how the moon 8.________(construct)．”Data about the moon's
composition，such as how 9.________ ice and other treasures it contains，could help
China decide whether 10.________(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are
practical.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了“嫦娥四号”无人探测器登
月成功。大意：中国是第一个登上月球背面的国家。
1．touched [考查动词时态。句中有时间状语 last week，故用一般过去时。]
2．extremely [考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。副词 extremely 修饰后面的
形容词 challenging。]
3．where [考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是 spot，后跟定语从句，关系
词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。]
4．interest [考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。句中含有“be＋of＋名词”结
构，be of particular interest＝be particularly interesting，故填名词 interest。]
5．than [考查 more...than...的用法。本句中含有 more，空格后为比较对象，
因此本空应填 than。]
6．to find [考查非谓语动词(不定式)。句中的动词不定式短语 to find and
study areas of the South PoleAitken basin 作状语，表目的。]
7．means [考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知，本句也应用一般
现在时，主语是 it，故谓语动词用 means。]
8．is constructed [考查时态和语态。此处表示“月球是如何构成的”，应
用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填 is constructed。construct vt.建造，
22/23
构建。]
9．much [考查 how much 的用法。how much“多少”，修饰不可数名词。]
10．its [考查代词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词 its。]
Ⅲ.短文改错
You must have heard about Dolly and have been amazed by the first cloned
animal. But here came a problem：should we clone humans? When being asked about
this question, a large number of people which are interested in the topic hold the view
that it's beneficial to clone humans. Therefore, some other people, me including, are
against this idea. Cloning humans can bring negative effects and wrong informations.
In the first place, they may not be treated equal as normal people, which I believe will
make him suffer a lot. In second place, human cloning may lead in some social
disorder, and it is quite dangerous.
【答案】
You must have heard about Dolly and have been amazed by the first cloned
animal. But here came
comes a problem：should we clone humans? When being asked
about this question, a large number of people which
who/that are interested in the topic
hold the view that it's beneficial to clone humans.Therefore
However
， some other people, me
including
included
， are against this idea. Cloning humans can bring negative effects and
wrong informations
information . In the first place, they may not be treated equal
equally as normal
people, which I believe will make him
them suffer a lot. In
∧
the second place, human
cloning may lead in
to some social disorder, and it is quite dangerous.
话题写作
Step 1.写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①尽管很难预测将来的家用机器人是什么样子，我想描述一下它们的令人诧
23/23
异之处。
Though it is difficult to predict what future household robots might be like，I still
want to describe how amazing they are.
②你会吃惊地发现它们更像人而不是机器。
You will be alarmed to find that they will be more like humans than machines.
③有它们的帮助，你就可以摆脱所有家务事，比如洗衣、做饭和打扫卫生。
With their help, you will be free of all household chores, such as cooking,
washing and cleaning.
④它们配备有智能计算机大脑，能帮你留出户外锻炼时间。
Equipped with an intelligent computer brain, they will help you set aside some
time for outdoor exercise.
⑤当老人由家用机器人在家陪伴时，也许老人就不会觉得孤单。
When they are accompanied by such household robots at home, the elderly may
not feel lonely.
⑥你一定会渴望得到这样神奇的家用机器人。
You are bound to have a desire for such wonderful household robots.
Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
利用省略句式升级句⑤
When accompanied by such household robots at home, the elderly may not feel
lonely.
Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Though it is difficult to predict what future household robots might be like，I still
want to describe how amazing they are.
You will be alarmed to find that they will be more like humans than
machines.With their help, you will be free of all household chores, such as cooking,
washing, and cleaning.More importantly, equipped with an intelligent computer
brain, they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise.When accompanied
by such household robots at home, the elderly may not feel lonely.
Believe it or not，you are bound to have a desire for such wonderful household
robots.
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