高考英语一轮复习(北师大版)必修一Unit2　Heroes知识点复习

必修模块 1 Unit 2 Heroes (主题语境:人与社会——英雄事迹) He who can defeat others is a hero! He who can defeat himself is a saint.能战胜别人的人是英雄!能 战胜自己的人是圣人。 ◆练中悟词 单句填空 ①Taking pictures of polar bears is (amaze) but also dangerous. (2020 年 7 月浙江卷读后续写) ②Her voice was soft but (confidence) as she pointed to the corner near the windows. (2020 年 7 月天 津卷阅读理解) ◆写中炼词 完成句子 ③在那里,他不仅作为学生表现出色,而且成了一名才华高的演说家。(2020 江苏卷完形填空) There, he not only did well as a student accomplished public speaker. ④他的儿子觉得那幅有个小女孩坐在花园的椅子上的画有点不寻常。(2020 全国Ⅲ卷完形填空改 编) His son thought that there was something unusual about that painting with on a garden chair. 答案 ①amazing ②confident ③but also became an ④a young girl sitting ◆“-ous”(adj.)词块 ambiguous 模棱两可的 ambitious 野心勃勃的;有雄心的 anxious 忧虑的,担心的 autonomous 自治的,自主的 cautious 小心的,谨慎的 courageous 勇敢的,有胆量的 curious 好奇的;奇特 dangerous 危险的 delicious 美味的,可口的 famous 著名的 generous 慷慨的,大方的 humorous 幽默的 infectious 有感染力的;传染的 jealous 嫉妒的 mountainous 多山的 nervous 紧张不安的 numerous 许多的,数目众多的 obvious 明显的,显而易见的 poisonous 有毒的 precious 宝贵的,珍贵的 previous 以前的 religious 宗教的;虔诚的 ridiculous 荒谬的,可笑的 serious 严肃的,严重的 unconscious 无意识的;失去知觉的 various 各种不同的,各种各样的 1 calm adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的 v.使平静;使镇静 ◆单句填空 ①So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, (calm), healthier? (2018 课标全国Ⅲ七选 五) ②In my opinion, such wonderful things will calm you easily and give you the courage to move on. ③The gunmen (calm) walked away and escaped into a waiting car. ◆选词填空(用 quiet,still,silent 或 calm 填空) ④The family lived in a little town. ⑤The house was so that no one dared to say a word. ⑥It was so that even the leaves on the trees were not moving. ⑦Keep , and try not to panic! ◆完成句子 ⑧Please in the face of great danger. 面对巨大危险时请保持镇静。 答案 ①calmer ②down ③calmly ④quiet ⑤silent ⑥still ⑦calm ⑧keep/stay calm 点拨 (1)calm sb. down 使某人平静下来 calm down(使)平静/镇静 (2)stay/keep calm 保持镇静 (3)calmly adv.平静地;冷静地 【辨析】 单词 辨析 calm 用于天气、海洋等时,表示无风、风平浪静;用于人时,表示镇静、平静 quiet 指没有噪音或吵闹声,与 noisy 相对 still 侧重指“静止的,不动的”,有时强调一动不动的姿势 silen t 用于事物时,侧重没有声响;用于人时,强调沉默不语或不发表意见 2 separate v.(使)分开;分离;脱离;分手 adj.分开的;单独的;不同的 ◆单句填空 ①When the spaceship separated the rocket, I suddenly got a feeling of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity.(教材原句) ②After a long (separate), they both lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully. ③As we joined the big crowd I got (separate) from Tom. ④“The interests shall be divided five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. ◆单句改错 ⑤As we know, England is separated France by the English Channel. ◆完成句子 ⑥Higher living standards the older generation their children.更高的生活标准把老一代人同他们 的孩子们区分开来。 ⑦She her two elder sisters, and now is out of touch with them.她与两个姐姐分开,现在和她们失去 了联系。 ◆写作微练 ⑧去年冬天,当我再次去那里的时候,他们有一个大的独立的房子来饲养几十只鸡。(2018 课标全国 Ⅰ短文改错) 答案 ①from ②separation ③separated ④into ⑤separated∧→from ⑥separate;from ⑦was separated from ⑧Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.点拨 (1)separate...from...把……和……分开 be/get separated 分离;分开 (2)separately adv.单独地;分别地 separation n.分开;分离;隔离 【辨析】 单词 辨析 divi de 把整体分为若干部分,常与 into 搭配 sepa rate 指把原来连在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来,常与 from 搭配 【助记】 3 struggle n.& vi.斗争;拼搏;努力 ◆单句填空 ①He struggled (explain) what he heard in his head.(2019 江苏卷阅读理解) ②They always have to struggle a living. ③They are struggling the bad weather for a better harvest. ④The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle (hear). ⑤As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs and many of their families were struggling (make) ends meet. (2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷写作改编) ◆单句改错 ⑥People struggled for hunger for several decades, but they still couldn't increase the output of grain production. ⑦India attained independence in 1947, after long struggle. ◆完成句子 ⑧ , blacks and whites were able to sit together on buses.经过一些斗争以后,黑人和白人能够一起坐 公交车了。 答案 ①to explain ②for ③with/against ④to be heard ⑤to make ⑥for→with/against ⑦∧long→a ⑧After some struggle 点拨 (1)a struggle for 为争取……的斗争 (2)struggle against/with...同……作斗争;与……抗争 struggle for...为……奋斗 struggle with...for...为争取……而与……作斗争 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 struggle to do sth.努力做某事;挣扎着做某事 4 equal adj.相等的;平等的;能胜任的 vt.等于;比得上 n.同等的人;相等物 ◆赏句猜义(写出下列句中画线词的词义) ①Such behavior is, to my mind, without equal all over the world. ②It's a challenging job but I'm sure you'll be equal to it. ③None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. ◆单句填空 ④Any man will be equal the task, so long as he is careful, and you should give it a try. ⑤The island is (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. ⑥You are saying that everyone should be (equality), and this is where I disagree. ◆完成句子 ⑦His first victory was to for blacks to sit on buses.他的第一次胜利是为黑人赢得乘坐公交车的平 等权利。(教材原句) 答案 ①相等物 ②能胜任的 ③比得上 ④to ⑤equally ⑥equal ⑦win the equal rights 点拨 (1)be equal to sth.等于/能胜任某事 be equal in...在……方面相同/相等 A equal(s) B in... A 在……方面比得上 B/与 B 相匹敌 on equal terms 处于平等的地位 without equal 无与伦比 (2)equality n.平等;相等 equally adv.相等地;同等地;均等地 5 compete vi.比赛,竞争 ◆单句填空 ①He has always been very strict with his daughters, training them hard to (competition) against each other.(教材原句) ②We cannot hope to compete so experienced a team. ③Runners from many countries are competing the international prize. ④When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch.(2019 课标全国Ⅲ语法填空) ⑤As the youngest (compete), I had to compete in the writing contest against 20 other top students. ⑥Life in the USA was (competition) and offered endless opportunities as well. ⑦Museums must compete people's spare time and money with other amusements. (2020 新高考全国 Ⅰ卷语法填空) ◆写作微练 ⑧生活就像一场漫长的赛跑,我们与别人竞争来超越自己。 答案 ①compete ②with/against ③for ④competition ⑤competitor ⑥competitive ⑦for ⑧Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 点拨 (1)compete with/against 与……竞争 compete for 为……竞争 compete in 参加……比赛/竞赛 (2)competitive adj.竞争的;努力竞争的;有竞争力的 competition n.竞争,角逐;比赛 be in competition with 与……竞争 competitor n.竞争者;对手;参赛者 【助记】 Several competitors are ready to compete for the championship,so the competition is very competitive. 几个竞争者准备好为获得冠军而竞争,因此这个比赛是非常有竞争性的。 6 injury n.损伤;伤害 ◆选词填空(用 injury,harm,damage 的适当形式填空) ①Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer . (2020 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解) ②The cattle are to be driven away before they cause any to the newly-planted trees. ③As we all know,smoking does to the health of smokers themselves and those around them. ④The accident caused some to my car, but it's nothing serious. ⑤You can't continue with the training as you haven't recovered from the knee . ◆单句填空 ⑥He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back (injure).(教材原句) ⑦By 17 miles, I became out of breath and the once (injure) ankle hurt badly. ⑧Peter received a slight (injure) while many other people got (injure) in the accident. ◆单句改错 ⑨I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage our children.(2020 全国Ⅰ 卷完形填空) ◆写作微练 ⑩在我看来,父母无限制的保护对孩子未来的发展将会弊大于利。 答案 ①injuries ②damage ③harm ④damage ⑤injury ⑥injuries ⑦injured ⑧ injury;injured ⑨damage∧→to ⑩As far as I'm concerned,parents' limitless protection will do more harm than good to children's future development. 点拨 (1)injure v.使受伤;弄伤;损害;伤害 injure one's pride 伤害某人的自尊 injure one's reputation 损害某人的名誉 (2)injured adj.受伤的 the injured 伤者 be badly/seriously injured 严重受伤 【辨析】 单词 辨析 injury 平时的大小创伤或伤害等 woun d 多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤 hurt 多指精神上的伤害或身体上的疼痛 harm 对人或事物的危害,常用短语 do sb./sth. harm=do harm to sb./sth. damag e 损失、损害,不表示伤痛,常用短语 do/cause damage to sth. 【助记】 7 react vi.反应;回应;使发生相互作用 ◆单句填空 ①They were not sure how the Americans would react the new type of music.(2019 浙江卷七选五) ②In the past, there was often an automatic (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads. (2020 年 7 月浙江卷阅读理解) ③Iron reacts water and air to produce rust. ◆完成句子 ④Nations will unauthorized overflights. 各国对未经授权的飞越领空行为都会做出强烈反应。 答案 ①to ②reaction ③with ④react strongly to 点拨 (1)react against 反对;反抗 react by 以……形式做出反应 react to 对……做出反应;回应 react with 和……反应 (2)reaction n.反应;回应 a chemical reaction 化学反应 1 be famous for 以……出名 ◆单句填空 ①He made many successful films and TV shows but he is most famous his Superman films.(教材原 句) ②As is known all, the term “Lei Feng” stands for anyone who is selfless, or anyone who is ready to help others in China. ③Mount Tai is a well-known tourist attraction, which is famous its unique sunrise. ④These lights, known adaptive signals,have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home. (2020 年 7 月浙江卷阅读理解) 答案 ①for ②to ③for ④as 点拨 be known/famous for 因……而出名 be known/famous as 作为……而出名 be known/famous to 为……所熟知(后常接人) 2 give up 放弃;戒除;停止 ◆单句填空 ①Have you thought of giving after the accident?(教材原句) ②At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave as she was so confident about her skills.(2018 天津卷单项填空) ③His eyes, blue as the summer sky, gave his fierce devotion to his friends. ④On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives light in the dark.(2019 浙江卷语法填 空) 答案 ①up ②in ③away ④off 点拨 give away 分发;赠送;捐赠;暴露;泄露;颁发 give back 归还,送还;使恢复 give in(to)屈服;让步;投降 give off 发出;放出(光、热、气味等) give out 用光;耗尽;分发 3 get on 相处;进展;上车 ◆短语填空(用 get 的相关短语填空) ①News soon that he had resigned. ②No matter how I explain,I just can't it to her. ③They many difficulties in their English study. ④How are you your new roommates? ⑤Mary is kind. She is easy to . ⑥Thieves robbed the bank and a lot of money. ⑦The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to .(2020 全国Ⅲ卷七选五) ◆单句填空 ⑧But some types of situations can help us to get rid the occurrence of anger.(2018 北京卷七选五) ⑨We must get our shortcomings and mistakes in our work. ⑩I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network;I can't seem to get . Anyway, we're here now, so let's get down some serious work. We all like Tom, who is easy to get along . ◆单句改错 There's not much time left and let's get down to repair the machine. Just now when I wanted to get down the bus, the man next to me was sitting on my coat. 答案 ①got around ②get;across ③got over ④getting along/on with ⑤get along/on with ⑥got away with ⑦get together ⑧of ⑨over ⑩through to with repair→repairing down→off 点拨 get on/along with 与……相处;对付;进展。后面接人作宾语时,表示“和某人相处得怎么样”;接物 作宾语时,表示“某事进展如何”。可用 well,badly 等副词修饰。 【联想】 get 的相关短语: get across 被理解 get about/around 传播,流传;各处走动 get away (from...)(得以)离开,脱身 get away with 偷走;做(坏事)而未受惩罚 get close (to)接近 get down(=write down)写下,记下 get down to sth.开始做某事 get down to doing sth.开始认真做某事 get sth. in 收集或收割某物 get on 上车 get off 下车 get over 克服 get through 用完,耗尽;顺利通过(考试等);接通电话 get together 聚会 get up 起床;起身 get rid of 摆脱,丢弃 1 with+宾语+宾补 Pat was in the bathroom with a hairdryer in her hand when she heard a crash.帕特手里拿着一个吹风机 在浴室里,这时她听到一声碰撞声。 ◆单句填空 ①China's image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.(2019 江苏卷单项填空) ②With so much work (do), we will have to stay up. ③The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay) for a meal to be cooked. ④The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog (follow)them. ◆完成句子 ⑤They sat together around the table, with .(shut) 关着门,他们一起围坐在桌旁。 ◆句式升级 ⑥Edward Snowden has so many problems to settle;he will have a hard time. → , Edward Snowden will have a hard time.(with 的复合结构) 答案 ①recognizing ②to do ③laid ④following ⑤the door shut ⑥With so many problems to settle 点拨 “with+宾语+宾补”,即 with 的复合结构,常作伴随状语、原因状语和定语,该结构的构成如下: with+名词/代词+ 形容词/副词 介词短语 现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式 【易错】 在该结构中,不同形式的非谓语动词作宾补时的含义不同:表示将来的动作用 to do;表 示主动、进行用 doing;表示被动、完成用 done。 2 while doing...状语从句的省略 Brandi,the sisters' mother,taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.这对姐妹的母亲布兰迪在家里教她们,这样在她们发展网球事业的同 时,也完成了高中学业。 ◆单句填空 ①While (work), I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(2019 北京卷书面表 达) ②China's approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.(2018 课标全国Ⅱ语 法填空) ③She gave me a comforting smile and nodded while (listen)patiently. ◆完成句子 ④Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and think of others .(travel) 外出旅游时务必注意保护环境,为他人着想。 答案 ①working ②feeding ③listening ④when/while travelling/doing travelling 点拨 while doing/done 是状语从句的一种省略现象,即 while 之后省略了主语和 be 动词,其中 doing 常表 示主动、进行,而 done 表示被动。 【归纳】 状语从句的省略条件及省略内容: 在表示时间、条件、地点或让步等的状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句的主 语为 it,且从句的谓语部分含有 be 动词时,常省去从句的主语和 be 动词。 3 not only...but also... This not only drew public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems.这不仅把公众的注意力吸引到对背部损伤的研究上来,而且鼓舞了 许多在生活中有各种各样问题的人。 ◆单句填空 ①Not only (be) today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.(2019 课标全国Ⅲ阅读理解) ②Not only the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. ③Not only the students but also their teacher (be)invited there yesterday. ◆完成句子 ④ save time and money, you may rediscover the pleasure of true communication. 你将不仅能节省时间和金钱,而且你可能会重新发现真正交流的乐趣。 答案 ①are ②do ③was ④Not only will you;but(also) 点拨 (1)not only...but(also)...意为“不仅……而且……”,连接两个分句,且 not only 位于句首时,其所在的 分句倒装,但是 but(also)所在的分句不倒装,仍用陈述句语序。 (2)not only A but also B=B as well as A 【易错】 not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,即谓语与就近的主语 保持一致。 课文与语法填空 阅读所学课文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China's first manned spaceship 1 (lift)off on October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. The spaceship, 2 (call)Shenzhou V, was carrying China's first astronaut, Yang Liwei. Yang, 3 was a pilot in the army, was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots. The launch was very 4 (success). During the 21-hour space flight, Yang Liwei spoke with ground control in Gansu. He was also able to speak with his wife and 8-year-old son. Yang Liwei had several 5 (task)to complete during the flight and only slept for about 3 hours. When the spaceship was doing 6 (it)seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, 7 (express)the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space 8 (peaceful). On October 16th, Yang Liwei landed in Inner Mongolia. As Yang Liwei returned into the earth's atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land, ready to collect him. Millions of people all over China were watching TV when 9 spaceship landed safely. When Yang Liwei climbed out of the spaceship, he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him. Yang Liwei was happy to be home but he said, “I thought 21 hours was too short to stay 10 space.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案 1.lifted 2.called 3.who 4.successful 5.tasks 6.its 7.expressing 8.peacefully 9.the 10.in 课文与短文改错 根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误 仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 VENUS AND SERENA WILLIAMS are sisters. They are both tennis champion who often have to play each other! The sisters' road to success has been amazed. The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.Since then, she won Wimbledon and the US Open twice. Serena has continued to make a fantastic progress. In 1999 and 2002, she won the US Open, but in 2002 and 2003, she is the women's singles champion at Wimbledon. Have tennis ever caused problems between the sisters? Fortunate, no. “We've played each other before and it hasn't worried us yet!” says Venus. “If you wins,” Serena jokes, “Mama says she has to doing the dishes!” 答案 第一段 1.第二句:champion→champions 第二段 2.第一句:amazed→amazing 3.第三句:∧won→has 4.第四句:删除 a 5.第五句:but→and 6.第五句:is→was 7.第六句:Have→Has 8.第七句:Fortunate→Fortunately 9.第九句:you→she 10.第九句:doing→do 话题知识与写作 (Ⅰ)根据提示翻译下列句子。 1.许多运动员十分渴望参加 2022 年在中国举行的冬奥会。 2.那对他们来说是个非常重要的场合。 3.即使他们知道成功参与并不容易,他们仍认真对待并对自己充满信心。 4.不幸的是,不是每个运动员都能有幸参与这次奥运会。 5.我们敬佩那些为我们国家做出伟大贡献的运动员们。 6.在我看来,他们也值得我们的祝贺。 答案 (Ⅰ)1.A good many athletes are very eager to take part in the Winter Olympic Games to be held in China in 2022. 2.That is a very important occasion for them. 3.Even though they know it is not easy to succeed in getting involved, they still take it seriously and are confident in themselves. 4.Unfortunately, not every athlete is fortunate to get involved in the Olympic Games. 5.We admire those athletes who make great contributions to our country. 6.In my opinion, they also deserve our congratulations. (Ⅱ)将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 答案 (Ⅱ) A good many athletes are very eager to take part in the Winter Olympic Games to be held in China in 2022.That is a very important occasion for them. Even though they know it is not easy to succeed in getting involved, they still take it seriously and are confident in themselves. Unfortunately, not every athlete is fortunate to get involved in the Olympic Games. We admire those athletes who make great contributions to our country. In my opinion, they also deserve our congratulations. Ⅰ.阅读理解 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A (2020 课标全国Ⅲ) When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!” The creative team behind“Apes”used motion-capture(动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape. Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ”and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly. In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States. 1.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard? A.To see famous film stars. B.To oppose wearing fur coats. C.To raise money for animal protection. D.To express thanks to some filmmakers. 2.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A.The cost of making “Apes.” B.The creation of digitalized apes. C.The publicity about “Apes.” D.The performance of real apes. 3.What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Listing completely. B.Directing professionally. C.Promoting successfully. D.Watching carefully. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors? A.They may be badly treated. B.They should take further training. C.They could be traded illegally. D.They would lose popularity. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物的关系。文章通过电 影《猩球崛起》中猿的角色制作,引发人们对影视作品中动物角色的关注。 1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么动物权利保护者聚集到好莱坞大道?根据文章第一段第 三句的 Thanks for not using real apes!可知 D 项正确。A:去看著名影星;B:去反对穿毛皮大衣;C:去 为动物保护筹集资金。 2.B 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:第二段主要讲述了什么?根据第二段内容可知,电影《猩球崛起》 的创意团队运用动作捕捉技术创造出了数字化的猿。B 项符合本段主旨,故为正确答案。A:制作 《猩球崛起》的花费;C:关于《猩球崛起》的宣传;D:真正的猿的表演。 3.D 词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线短语“keeping tabs on”的意思可能是什么?根据 本段第三句可知,一个非营利的组织监控在电影娱乐中动物的待遇,故 D 项为正确答案。A:完全列 举;B:专业地指导;C:成功促进。 4.A 推理判断题。 本题题干意为:我们能从文章最后一段推断出关于动物演员的什么信息?根据 文章最后一段第一句可知,动物演员在摄影棚外的训练以及它们的生活条件引发担忧,故 A 项正确。 B:它们应该接受进一步的训练;C:它们可能被非法交易;D:它们会失去人气。 B (2020 为明教育集团高三第一次调研) It's cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go. According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill (跑步 机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures—and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger. Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts yourself to surroundings, making you feel alive. Of course, the threat of smog in some built-up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust (废气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best. 5.What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in the second paragraph? A.Adjust. B.Decrease. C.Let out. D.Hold back. 6.How does cold weather benefit runners, compared with warm weather? A.They can run more slowly. B.They can take in more calories. C.Their hearts can become stronger. D.Their body temperature can get lower. 7.How does summer affect runners? A.It builds up their energy quickly. B.It makes runners tired easily. C.It lessens runners' stress. D.It causes heart attacks. 8.What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days? A.Stop driving cars. B.Do more exercise. C.Avoid outdoor exercise. D.Run late in the morning. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能 燃烧更多的热量,让肌肉更强健,心脏更健康,但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。 5.A 词义猜测题。冬天户外跑步会消耗更多的卡路里,因为身体需要努力调节体温。由此可知, “regulate”意为“调节,调整”。故选 A。 6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句 Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.可知,与温暖天气相比,在 寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更强大。 7.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的 The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster 可知,夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳。 8.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句 But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.可知,如果有雾霾,最好待在室内,等到天气晴朗时再跑步。 C (2020 九师联盟高三联考) Corn is among the most commonly consumed grains on the planet. Globally, the average human will consume 70 pounds of corn each year! That's a whole lot of corn that needs to be grown each year, and that's not even accounting for corn being grown for animal consumption and biofuel. Just like many other popular foods, farmers are finding it difficult to get enough corn produced. Of course, complicating matters is the fact that corn is a tropical(热带的) plant, meaning farmers can't produce it during the colder months of the year. Now, researchers from Cornell University's Boyce Thompson Institute have developed their own solution:a new variation of corn that recovers much more quickly after being exposed to cold temperatures. Lead researcher David Stern, president of the Boyce Thompson Institute, and his team made this incredible breakthrough by building on research originally published two years ago. That study had discovered that increasing the levels of an enzyme(酶) called Rubisco in plants caused them to grow more rapidly and reach larger sizes. Rubisco helps plants turn atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) into sugar. Regarding corn specifically, Rubisco levels in corn drop considerably in cold weather. This time, the research team planted a large group of corn plants, and provided a portion of the group with more Rubisco. Then, they allowed all the plants to grow for three weeks at 77 degrees Fahrenheit (normal growing temperature for corn) before dropping the temperature to 57 degrees Fahrenheit for two more weeks. Finally, they heated things up back again to 77 degrees. “The corn with more Rubisco performed better than regular corn before, during and after chilling(冷却),” explains first author Coralie Salesse-Smith.“In fact, we were able to reduce the severity of chilling stress and allow for a more rapid recovery.” All in all, the corn with more Rubisco was able to recover from the colder temperatures more quickly and with less damage done. The Rubisco corn plants grew to be taller. These results are very promising. However, Stern and his team say they're still working on improving their approach. 9.What makes the research particularly necessary according to the text? A.The great climate change. B.Lack of heat-tolerant corn. C.The large demand for corn. D.Corn's insensitivity to climate. 10.What did the researchers do during the study? A.They made those corn plants resist Rubisco. B.They assessed corn plants' ability to absorb CO2. C.They removed all the chilling stress on corn plants. D.They exposed corn plants to different temperatures. 11.What should the researchers think of the corn plant they developed? A.It has functioned well in solving global starvation. B.It is qualified enough to be grown around the world. C.It recovers from the colder temperatures more slowly. D.It isn't yet completely perfect for chilling tolerance. 12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Much More Corn Plants Are Badly Needed B.Corn Plants Aren't Sensitive to Cold Weather C.Scientists Have Developed Cold-resistant Corn D.Tropical Corn Is Going to Become History Soon 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。来自康奈尔大学博伊斯·汤普森研究所的研究人员研发出一种 新的玉米品种。它暴露在低温环境后恢复得更快。 9.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,玉米的消耗量很大,而第二段指出普通的玉米在寒冷的 季节又无法生产。由此可推断,对玉米需求量大使这项关于培育新品种玉米的研究显得尤其必要。 10.D 细节理解题。 根据第四段“Then, they allowed all the plants to grow for three weeks at 77 degrees Fahrenheit(normal growing temperature for corn) before dropping the temperature to 57 degrees Fahrenheit for two more weeks. Finally, they heated things up back again to 77 degrees.”可知,研究人 员将玉米植株暴露在不同的温度下。 11.D 推理判断题。 根据最后一段可推断,他们可能认为他们研发出来的玉米植株的耐寒性还不 够完美。 12.C 主旨大意题。 通读全文,尤其是文章第二段的“Now, researchers from Cornell University's Boyce Thompson Institute have developed their own solution:a new variation of corn that recovers much more quickly after being exposed to cold temperatures.”可知,本文主要讲述的是:科学家研发出了一 种耐寒的玉米品种。 Ⅱ.七选五 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2019 课标全国Ⅱ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. 2 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals. You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 5 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A.This can affect your work. B.So how should you motivate yourself? C.However, this should not discourage you. D.So why should we try to set specific goals? E.They can change according to circumstances. F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G.Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我,完善自我。文章从 介绍动机和目标开始,告诉我们如何确立正确的动机和目标对我们更有益。本文旨在培养学生科 学认识自我、激励自我、辩证看待问题、合理解决问题的能力。 1.G 过渡句。句意:若没有动机,你既不能设定目标,也不能达成目标。由设空处上句话 Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.(动机和目标的设定是一件事情的两个方面。)可知, 动机是很重要的。根据设空处下句 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.可知, 中间需要加一个表示转折的句子:若没有动机……。故选 G。 2.B 主旨句。句意:那么,你应该如何激励自己呢?该题中,设空处位于文章第二段开头,可能会是该 段的主旨句。设空处后面的 how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal 也是引出该段话题或 是对主旨句的进一步说明。另根据句子结构一致的原则,可找到与此问句结构一致的选项 B:So how should you motivate yourself?故选 B。 3.A 过渡句。句意:这可能会影响你的工作。根据设空处前面的句子 There are times when your heart is not in your work.(有时你的心会不在你的工作上。)可知,接下来会说这样做的后果(影响你 的工作)。设空处后面介绍正确的做法。故选 A。 4.E 细节句。句意:它们可以根据情况来改变。设空处前面的句子提到 Remember that goals are flexible.(要记得目标是灵活的。),接下来可能会接着解释它们会改变。选项 E 中的 They 与上句话 中的 goals 指代一致。故选 E。 5.C 过渡句。句意:然而,这不应该使你泄气。由设空处上句话中的 you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough(你可能想成为一名飞行员,但因为你的视 力不够好而不能成为一名飞行员)可知,接下来会告诉我们解决这个问题的办法。根据设空处下句 话中的 You should reassess your goals(你应该重新评估你的目标)可知,选 C 项。 Ⅲ.完形填空 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 (2020 湖南衡阳二模) Walking out of the forest, I thought to myself what if we didn't put out the fire? I ended up asking this thought as a 1 to my friends. Without saying anything, Elias went about ten yards back to the small fire that we had 2 . It was at this point where Elias went from calm, to 3 . He shouted, “It's on fire!” My heart was 4 out of my chest when we got to the fire—it had enlarged into a 5 with a 15- foot diameter(直径). A pond about ten feet away, was our only 6 . My quick thinking told me to 7 into the pond and splash(泼洒)water onto the fire closest to the pond. Micah, took a bucket, and then filled it with 8 , to fight the fire that was spreading out of our 9 . Elias and I got the fire, nearest to the water, under control. Micah, 10 , could not rest. Although he ran back and forth, it only kept 11 . It suddenly 12 to us that we could use the wet grass in the pond to 13 put out the fire. Therefore, with 14 in hand, we went into the fire, and 15 back to get more even though we were 16 . Finally, our teamwork 17 , as there was only 18 left on a charred(烧焦的)battlefield. We stayed for another 30 minutes to 19 it from starting again. Our journey came to an end and the battleground would soon become 20 and beautiful as time passed. 1.A.secret B.question C.joke D.choice 2.A.saved B.put C.lit D.collected 3.A.cautious B.delighted C.curious D.terrified 4.A.speeding B.beating C.knocking D.pushing 5.A.circle B.way C.place D.hole 6.A.excuse B.request C.option D.duty 7.A.jump B.growC.dig D.break 8.A.sand B.power C.strength D.water 9.A.mind B.order C.reach D.sight 10.A.however B.therefore C.otherwise D.moreover 11.A.stopping B.growing C.making D.changing 12.A.turned B.referred C.occurred D.added 13.A.roughly B.repeatedly C.regularly D.thoroughly 14.A.grass B.water C.fire D.air 15.A.drove B.dashed C.escaped D.withdrew 16.A.exhausted B.amazed C.disappointed D.interested 17.A.laid off B.gave off C.paid off D.put off 18.A.flame B.smoke C.noise D.light 19.A.leave B.observe C.keep D.prevent 20.A.old B.common C.quietD.green 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和朋友走出森林,却没有把篝火灭掉。等我们回去时发现 火势已经大了起来,于是我们赶紧灭火。 1.B 走出森林时,“我”想如果我们没把火扑灭会怎么样?最后,“我”就向“我”的朋友们提出 了这个问题(question)。结合前面句子的问号可知此处应该用“问题”,故选 B 项。 2.C 句意:Elias 二话没说,走了大约十码,返回到我们点的(lit)小火旁。故选 C 项。 3.D 就在这时,Elias 从平静转为恐惧。他喊道:“着火了!”看到火势吓得 Elias 大喊起来,故选 D 项。 4.B 当我们到达火堆时,“我”的心都要跳出来了。故选 B 项。 5.A 这时它已经扩大成一个直径 15 英尺的圆圈了。火从中心往四周燃烧变成一个大圆圈(circle), 故选 A 项。 6.C 我们看到 10 英尺以外有一个水塘,这也是我们救火的唯一选择(option)了。故选 C 项。 7.A “我”敏捷的思维告诉“我”跳进(jump)池塘,把水泼到离池塘最近的火上。jump into the pond 跳进池塘。故选 A 项。 8.D 救火当然要用水。故选 D 项。 9.C 火势在蔓延,Micah 拿着桶装满水,去扑灭那些我们已经够不到的火。out of one's reach 某人够 不到。故选 C 项。 10.A 句意:Elias 和我能够控制住离水最近的火势,然而(however),Micah 却不能歇着。前后句子存 在转折关系,故选 A 项。 11.B 虽然 Micah 提着水桶来回跑但火势仍然在扩大(growing)。此处指火势在不断扩大,故选 B 项。 12.C 固定句式:It occurs to sb. that...某人突然想起……。 13.D 此处指彻底地,故 D 项正确。 14.A 根据上句话中的 wet grass 可知答案为 A 项。 15.B 情况紧急,我们只有拼命来回奔跑救火。dash back 飞奔回来。故选 B 项。 16.A 经过紧张的救火我们都筋疲力尽了(exhausted)。故选 A 项。 17.C 最后我们互相配合救火,终于成功(paid off)。pay off 成功;奏效。故选 C 项。A:下岗,解雇;B: 发出,放出;D:推迟,延期。 18.B 我们终于把火扑灭了,现场当然就只剩下烟雾(smoke)了。故选 B 项。 19.D 句意:为了防止(prevent)它再次燃烧起来,我们又在此待了 30 分钟。prevent...from doing 阻 止……做某事。故选 D 项。 20.D 句意:我们的旅程结束了,随着时间的流逝,战场很快就会变成绿色的(green)、美丽的。故选 D 项。 Ⅳ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 (2019 课标全国Ⅲ) I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 答案 I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to ① opens open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it ② required requires a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ③ ordinarily ordinary cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe ④∧to have a special theme such as ⑤ like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe,customers will enjoy ⑥ yourselves themselves in the historical environment ⑦ what that / which is created for them. If I succeed in ⑧ manage managing one, I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different ⑨ city cities . Each of my cafes will have a different theme and ⑩ an a unique style. ①考查非谓语动词。句意:现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。不定式符号后用动词原形,故改成 open。 ②考查时态。此处强调的是一个客观事实,故用一般现在时态。 ③考查形容词。 句中 cafe 是名词,需要用形容词来修饰。 ④考查非谓语动词。句意:我想要我的咖啡馆有一个特殊的主题,例如“唐朝”。want sb./sth. to do sth.想要某人或某物做某事。 ⑤考查固定短语。such as 例如。 ⑥考查反身代词。 此处指代的是 customers,故用 themselves。 ⑦考查定语从句。先行词是 environment,将先行词代入从句中,作主语,指物,故用 that 或 which。 ⑧考查非谓语动词。介词 in 后面应该用动名词形式,故改成 managing。 ⑨考查名词复数。city 为可数名词,many 后应该用名词复数形式。 ⑩考查冠词。 unique 以辅音音素开头,故用 a。 Ⅴ.书面表达 (2020 江西南昌高三摸底) 你校英文报正在征稿。请以“A Fantastic Trip”为题,写一篇短文投稿,内容包括: 1.旅行介绍; 2.旅行感受。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右; 2.短文题目已为你写好。 A Fantastic Trip 答案 A Fantastic Trip This summer I took a snorkelling trip to the undersea world, which turned out to be extremely fantastic. The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me—purples, reds, oranges, yellows and blues. Seeing such extraordinary beauty, I found my heart beating wildly and every cell in my body waking up. I began to explore the fantastic corals where all kinds of neat and elegant fish were swimming. Suddenly, I caught sight of an eel with its head showing how from a hole to watch for tasty food. I felt scared to death and fled away. Exposed in such deep clear water, I found my trip awesome!