高考英语一轮复习人教新课标Book5Unit4Makingthenews学案含解析

- 1 - Unit 4 Making the news 基础自主检测 阅读识记 Ⅰ.英译汉 1.journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者 2.submit vt. 递交；呈递(文件等) 3.update vt. 更新；使现代化 4.sceptical adj. 怀疑的 5.dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境；窘境 6.department n. 部门；部；处；系 7.senior adj. 年长的；高年级的；高 级的 Ⅱ.汉译英 1.editor n. 编辑 2.colleague n. 同事 3.amateur n. 业余爱好者 4.assess vt. 评估；评定 5.deadline n. 最后期限 6.accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控 告 7.section n. 部分；节 8.polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润 色 高频应用 1.unusual adj. 不同寻常的；独特的 2.eager adj. 渴望的；热切的 3.meanwhile adv. 其间；同时 4.case n. 情况；病例；案例 5.publish vt. 出版；发行；发表；公布 6.technical adj. 技术上的；技巧方面的 7.gifted adj. 有天赋的 8.chief adj. 主要的；首席的 n. 首领；长官 拓展变形 1.photograph (n.) 照片 (vt.) 给……照相→photographer (n.) 摄影 师 2.delighted (adj.) 快乐的；欣喜的→delight (n.) 快乐，高兴，喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜 3.admirable (adj.) 值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→admire (vt.) 钦佩；羡 慕 4.assist (vt.) 帮助；协助；援助→assistance (n.) 帮助；协助 →assistant (n.) 助手；助理；售货员 5.profession (n.) 职业；专业→professional (adj.) 专业的；职业的 (n.) 专业人员→professor (n.) 教授；(大学)教师 6.concentrate (vi.& vt.) 集中；聚集→concentrated (adj.) 浓缩的； 全神贯注的→concentration (n.) 集中；专心 7.acquire (vt.) 获得；得到；学到→acquired (adj.) 已获得的；习得 的→acquirable (adj.) 可得到的；可获得的 - 2 - 8.inform (vt.) 告知；通知→information (n.) 消息 9.deliberately (adv.) 故意地；有意地→deliberate (adj.) 故意的； 从容不迫的 10.guilty (adj.) 犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的→guilt (n.) 罪行；内疚 11.demand (n.) 需求；要求 (vt.) 强烈要求→demanding (adj.) 苛求 的；要求高的 12.thorough (adj.) 彻底的；详尽的→thoroughly (adv.) 彻底地；详 细地 13.crime (n.) 罪行；犯罪→criminal (adj.) 犯罪的；刑事的 (n.) 罪 犯 14.edition (n.) 版(本)；版次→edit (v.) 编辑；校订→editor (n.) 编 辑 15.accurate (adj.) 精确的；正确的→accurately (adv.) 正确地；精 密地→accuracy (n.) 精确；准确 16.approve (vt.) 批准；赞成；认可→disapprove (反义词) (v.) 不批 准；不赞成→approval (n.) 赞成；批准；认可 17.process (n.) 过程；程序；步骤 (vt.) 加工；处理→procession (n.) 行列；队伍 18.appointment (n.) 约会；任命→appoint (vt.) 约定；任命 1.新闻媒体相关词汇一览 ①journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者 ②reporter n. 记者 ③editor n. 编辑 ④chief editor n. 主编 ⑤photographer n. 摄影师 ⑥daily n. 日报 ⑦weekly n. 周刊 ⑧mass media 大众传播媒介 2.后缀able 形容词集锦 ①admirable 令人钦佩的 ②comfortable 舒适的 - 3 - ③unbelievable 难以置信的 ④honorable 荣誉的；光荣的 ⑤reasonable 合情合理的 ⑥respectable 可敬的 ⑦valuable 值钱的；贵重的 ⑧suitable 合适的 3.“赞成”与“反对”高频词汇荟萃 (1)赞成；支持 ①approve vt. 批准；赞成 ②favour vt.& n. 赞成 ③support vt. 支持；赞成 (2)反对 ①oppose vt. 反对 ②object vi. 反对 ③against prep. 反对 一 动词＋介/副词 1.concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于 2.inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 3.keep sth. in mind 记住某事 4.depend on/upon 依靠；依赖 5.accuse ... of 因……指责或控告…… 6.set to work 开始工作 二 其他 7.ahead of 在……前面 8.so as to (do sth.) 为了(做)…… 9.make an appointment 约会，预约 “v.＋sb.＋of＋sth.”结构大集合 ①inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 ②warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ③cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病/纠正某人的坏习惯 - 4 - ④remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 ⑤suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 ⑥rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ⑦convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 ⑧accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 ⑨rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物 _________________________________________________________________ 1.否定词置于句首的倒装结构 Never_will (永远不) Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(教材 P26) 2.be to do 结构 His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was_to_strongly_influence (必 将产生重要影响) his life as a journalist.(教材 P26) 3.not only ... but (also) ... 连接的并列句 Not_only_am_I_interested_in (我不仅对……感兴趣) photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.(教材 P26) 4.抽象地点名词＋定语从句 Have you ever had a_case_where (这一种情况) someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？(教材 P26) 单句语法填空 1.We're ________ (delight) you're coming to work with us. 答案：delighted 2.You'll have a ________ (profession) photographer with you to take photographs. 答案：professional 3.Only if you ask many different questions ________ you acquire all the information you need to know. 答案：will 4.You have to prepare the next question depending on ________ the person says. 答案：what 5.But how can I listen carefully while ________ (take) notes？ 答案：taking 6.A footballer was accused ________ taking money for deliberately not scoring - 5 - goals so as to let the other team win. 答案：of 7.He denied ________ (take) money but we were sceptical. 答案：taking 8.________ he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. 答案：Although 9.He checked the evidence, read the article and ________ (pass) it on to the copyeditor. 答案：passed 10.Zhou Yang waited ________ (excited) for the first copies to be ready. 答案：excitedly 考点步步冲关 1 assist vt. & vi. 帮助；协助；援助 You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you're interested.(P26) 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻 研。 (1)assist sb. with/in sth. 在某事上帮助某人 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 (2)assistant n. 助手，助理 assistance n. 帮助；援助 with the assistance of ... 在……的帮助下 即时练 1 单句语法填空 ①Professor Wang is working with his two new ________ (assist) in the laboratory at the moment. ②Thanks to his ________ (assist), we got out of the dark cave safely. ③Both of them have been working for Professor Adams ________ (assist) him with his class work and research. - 6 - ④The surgery was carried out by the British team, ________ (assist) by doctors and nurses from the Shifa Clinic. ⑤Since 1976 he has been operating the shop ________ the assistance of volunteers. 答案：①assistants ②assistance ③assisting ④assisted ⑤with 2 inform vt. 通知；告知 They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.(P26) 他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。 (1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知/告诉某人某事 inform sb. that/when/how ... 通知某人…… keep sb. informed of ... 使某人随时了解…… (2)information n. 消息；信息 (3)informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的 [名师点津] inform 后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助于介词 of/about，构成 inform sb. of/about sth. 结构。 即时练 2 单句语法填空 ①The Internet allows us to educate ourselves and make more ________ (inform) choices and decisions without leaving our homes. ②The newspapers keep us ________ (inform) of what is going on around us at any time. ③The family breathed a sigh of relief when they ________ (inform) that the father was only slightly injured in the accident. ④We live in a world where there is more and more ________ (inform), and less and less meaning. 答案：①informed ②informed ③were informed ④information 一句多译 直到他通知我要开会了，我才意识到我还没有准备好我的提议。 ⑤ I wasn't aware that I had not been prepared for my proposal ______________________. (until) ⑥____________________ was I aware that I had not been prepared for my proposal. (until 倒装) 答案：⑤until he informed me of the meeting ⑥Not until he informed me of the - 7 - meeting 3 demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求 It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.(P26) 这是一个两难问题，因为如果我们错了，那个足球队员就可以要求补偿损失。 (1)demand sth. 要求某物 demand to do ... 要求做…… demand doing/to be done 需要被做 demand that ... (should) do ... 要求……(从句用虚拟语气，should 可省略) (2)in great demand 需求量很大 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 [名师点津] demand 不能用于 demand sb. to do sth. 结构；“向某人要某物”不能用 demand sb.sth. 结构，要用 demand sth.of sb. 结构。 即时练 3 单句语法填空 ①They think learning English well is one of the ________ (demand) of modern society and will do good to our future career. ②My demand is that the information referred to in my report ________ (email) to Mr Brown without delay. ③My car demands/needs/requires ________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus. 答案：①demands ②(should) be emailed ③repairing/to be repaired 单句写作 ④经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。 The manager ________________________ extra hours to complete the task ahead of time. 答案：demanded that the workers (should) work 1 concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于 教材 原句 You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you're - 8 - interested.(P26) 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄 影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。 (1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事 concentrate one's attention/efforts/energy/mind on sth. 集中注意力/力量/精力/ 思想于某事 (2)concentration n. 集中；专心 (3)其他表示“专心于；集中于”的短语 focus/fix ... on ... 集中……于…… put one's heart into ... 专心于……；一心一意去…… be absorbed in ... 专心于…… apply oneself/one's mind to ... 专心于…… pay attention to ... 专心于……；注意…… put one's mind to ... 专心于…… [名师点津] 以上短语中 in, to, on, into 都是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 即时练 1 单句语法填空 ①________ (concentrate) on your study, and you will make greater progress. ②She worked late into the night, ________ (concentrate) on her speech for the conference. 答案：①Concentrate ②concentrating 一句多译 他骑车上学时，只顾着看路边的商店，结果把一个老人撞倒了。 ③________________________ the shops along the roadside, he knocked an old man down while riding to school. (with 复合结构作状语) ④____________________ the shops along the roadside, he knocked an old man down while riding to school. (现在分词作状语) 答案：③With all his attention concentrated on ④Concentrating all his attention on 2 depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于 教材 原句 Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.(P26) 同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。 - 9 - (1)depend on sb. for sth. 靠某人供给某物 depend on sb. doing sth./depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事 depend on/upon it that ... 指望/相信…… (2)That depends. /It all depends. 视情况而定。 (3)independent adj. 独立的；自主的 (4)independence n. 独立 即时练 2 单句语法填空 ①You may depend on ________ that all the goods will be shipped abroad on time. ②We should show concern for Mr Smith, an eightyyearold man near our home, because now he has nobody ________ (depend) on. ③The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, ________ (depend) on your different answers. 答案：①it ②to depend ③depending 3 accuse ... of ... 因……指责或控告…… 教材 原句 Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？(P26) 你有没有遇到过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的 报道完全失实？ (1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事 (2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 (3)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事 即时练 3 单句语法填空 ①He has been charged ________ trying to blow up the airliner as it was coming in to land. ②The secretary had to resign after she was accused ________ giving away the secret of the company. ③As it is just a coincidence, no one should be to blame ________ it. ④The shop assistant was dismissed as she ________ (accuse) of cheating customers. ⑤The ________ (accuse) man proved his innocence by proving that he was abroad - 10 - when the murder was committed. 答案：①with ②of ③for ④was accused ⑤accused 1 Never_will_Zhou_Yang_(ZY)_forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(P26) 翻译 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英语报纸的第一项工作任务。 (1)否定副词 never 置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构。 (2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：not, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor, at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition 等。 即时练 1 单句写作 ①我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。 ____________________ the accident that happened in my own childhood, which left a deep impression on me. ②我记不住这些生词，也不能流利地讲英语。 I couldn't memorize the new words, ____________ English fluently. ③第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。 ______________ the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room. ④我们决不能放弃梦想，只有我们坚持自己的梦想，才能够克服各种挑战。 On no condition __________________； only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges. 答案：①Never will I forget ②nor could I speak ③Hardly/Scarcely had we left ④can we give up our dreams 2 His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was_to strongly influence his life as a journalist.(P26) 翻译 他与新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生重要影响。 “be to＋动词原形”的常见用法： (1)表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事。 (2)语气上接近于 should, must, ought to, have to, 表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。 (3)表示不可避免将要发生或以后注定要发生的事情。意为“注定/一定会……”。 - 11 - (4)用于条件从句，意为“如果想；设想”(接近于 if ... want to/if ... should)。 [名师点津] (1)如果表示未曾实现的打算或计划，要用 was/were to have done 形式。 (2)be about to do ... 表示即将发生的动作，该结构不与表示时间的副词或其他时间 状语连用，常用于 be about to do sth. when ... 结构中。 (3)be going to do ... 多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要 发生某事。 即时练 2 单句写作 ①他们约定明天上午 10 点一起去看这位老师。 They __________________ to the teacher together at 10 am tomorrow. ②你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。 You __________________ the work before five this afternoon. ③他的理论势必要改变(人类)对宇宙的看法。 His theory ________________ the views on the universe. ④如果你想成功的话，你必须更认真地对待整个项目。 You must take the whole project more seriously if you __________________. ⑤我想知道这次事故是哪个司机的责任。 I wonder which driver __________________ for the accident. 答案：①are to pay a visit ②are to finish ③was to change ④are to succeed ⑤is to blame 倒装 完全倒装 1．完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装。 这种结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 2．完全倒装的结构 (1)在 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off, away 等表示时间和运动方 向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调时，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用 come, go, be, lie, run, rush 等。 ①Away went the boy. 这个男孩离开了。 (2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首时。 ②Under the table sleeps a white cat. - 12 - →A white cat sleeps under the table. 一只白猫睡在桌子下。 (3)某些表语置于句首时。 a．表语为介词短语 ③Inside the parcel was a note. 包裹里有张便条。 b．表语为形容词 ④Present at the meeting were many guests. 出席会议的客人很多。 [重点提示] 上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主语、谓语不需要倒装。 部分倒装 1．部分倒装是把 be/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面，即助动词/情态动词/系动词＋ 主语＋谓语动词。 2．部分倒装的几种情形 (1)“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，要进行部分倒装，即“only＋状 语”置于句首时要部分倒装，但“only＋主语”不倒装。 ⑤Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused. 到那时她才意识到已经造成了多么大的伤害。 (2)否定词位于句首时要部分倒装，高考常考的词汇有：never, not, seldom, hardly, nowhere, little, by no means, at no time 等。 ⑥I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress. 我已经非常努力地提高我的英语水平，但老师一点也不满意我的进步。 (3)not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装。 ⑦The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. →Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。 (4)as/though 引导的让步状语从句部分倒装，构成为： 名词/形容词/副词/动词/分词＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 ⑧Though it might sound strange, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. →Strange though it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. - 13 - 尽管他的主意可能听起来奇怪，但会议上所有人都接受了。 [重点提示] 从句的表语是名词时，被倒装的名词前不加冠词。 Child as he is, he has to make a living. 尽管他是一个孩子，但他不得不谋生。 (5)so, nor, neither 开头的句子要部分倒装。 前一分句是肯定句，后一分句用 so 引导，意为“某人/某事也……”；前一分句是否定 句，后一分句用 neither/nor 引导，意为“某人/某事也不……”；倒装句中的谓语应与前面 的谓语时态保持一致。 ⑨He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他已经去过北京了，我也如此。 so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语 意为“某人/某事也是如此” so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词 意为“某人/某事确实如此” ⑩Tom enjoys music. So do I. 汤姆喜欢音乐，我也如此。(我也喜欢音乐) ⑪Tom enjoys music. So he does. 汤姆喜欢音乐，他确实如此。(他确实喜欢音乐) (6)表示“一……就……”句型需部分倒装的几种情形。 Hardly ... Scarcely ... No sooner ... 部分倒装＋ when ... when ... than ... 不倒装 (过去完成时) (一般过去时) ⑫No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang. 她一出去，电话就响了。 (7)not only ... but also, so ... that, such ... that 引起的倒装情形中，通常遵 循“前倒后不倒”的原则。 ⑬Not only is he interested in football but he also plays well. 他不但对足球感兴趣，而且踢得很好。 (8)在省略 if 的虚拟条件句中，且从句中有 were/should/had 时需部分倒装，只需将 were/should/had 提至句首即可。 ⑭If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded. →Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. 如果他听了我的建议，他就成功了。 - 14 - 即时练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．________ in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly. 答案：Only 2．It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning ________ it stop. 答案：did 3．On the river bank ________ (stand) a house where he once lived. 答案：stands 4．So clearly ________ he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 答案：does 5．Seldom ________ I seen a situation that made the teacher so angry. 答案：have Ⅱ.单句改错 1．Only when did he put his heart into his study did he realize his shortcomings. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第一个 did 2．In no sense I agree with this suggestion. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：I 前加 do 3．You say he works hard. So does he, and so do you. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：does he→he does 4．In front of our school a newlybuilt playground on which we often play basketball. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：school 后加 is 5．Has he studied hard, he would have passed the exam. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：Has→Had 基础达标演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He is a ________ (gift) man and promises to be a famous musician. - 15 - 答案：gifted 2．Not until one of his works ________ (publish) was he able to gain his confidence in writing. 答案：was published 3．Generally speaking, a political leader should have a good nose ________ current affairs. 答案：for 4．He looks younger than his friend; in fact, he is three years senior ________ his friend. 答案：to 5．Our software, unless ________ (update) on a regular basis, may not serve us well in our work. 答案：updated 6．In our daily life, we sometimes come across a number of cases ________ people suffer from heart attacks. 答案：where 7．The manager was quite ________ (delight) that all the products had been sold out. 答案：delighted 8．Over the past ten years, our country has made ________ (admire) achievements in space exploration. 答案：admirable 9．As you know, ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history. 答案：to acquire 10．I still feel ________ (guilt) about the things I said to my father when I was a teenager. 答案：guilty Ⅱ.单句改错 1．All of you supposed to finish your homework before you go out to play football. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：supposed 前加 are 2．Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English are likely to meet with. - 16 - _________________________________________________________________ 答案：where→that/which 3．Although he has been studying abroad, his parents try to keep him inform of what has happened at home. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：inform→informed 4．He was driving home on the highway last night when he was stopped by a policeman, who accused him for speeding. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：for→of 5．My parents don't approve me making friends with him. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：approve 后加 of Ⅲ.教材微写作 A．根据提示完成句子 1．上个月，我作为业余记者的第一项任务是采访一位著名的摄影师。(interview) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 答案：Last month, my first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous photographer. 2．据我所知他非常专业，拍了很多令人赞赏的照片。(professional) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 答案：As far as I'm concerned, he was professional and had taken many admirable photographs. 3．采访中，为了获得全部信息，我问了许多不同的问题。(in order to) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 答案：During the interview, I asked many different questions in order to acquire all the information. 4．我不仅专注地听事实细节，还根据他的回答准备下一个问题。(concentrate on; depend on) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ - 17 - 答案：Not only did I concentrate on listening to detailed facts, but I also prepared the next question depending on what he said. 5．为了让自己有更多的时间思考，我故意放慢进程。(slow down) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 答案：I deliberately slowed down the process so as to let myself have more time to think. B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范 答案：Last month, my first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous photographer. As far as I'm concerned, he was professional and had taken many admirable photographs. During the interview, I asked many different questions in order to acquire all the information. Not only did I concentrate on listening to detailed facts, but I also prepared the next question depending on what he said. I deliberately slowed down the process so as to let myself have more time to think.