Unit 2 Natural disasters
Grammar and usage
To-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result
• Review
• Application
• Appreciation
Rule 1: When the to-infinitive is used as an attribute, it is
often put after the noun or pronoun it modifies.
• Review
1. Alex was the first athlete who got to the finishing line.
2. He has a famous lawyer that he can consult.
3. You haven’t kept your promise that you will write to us regularly.
4. The problem that is to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.
to get to the finishing line.
to consult.
to write to us regularly.
to be discussed
Rule 2: When the to-infinitive is used as an adverbial of
result, it can refer to an unexpected result. In this case, we
often use only before the to-infinitive.
• Review
1. They got married but they were separated the next week.
2. They returned but they found their homeland in ruins.
3. He volunteered to help but he got into trouble.
only to be separated the next week.
only to find their homeland in ruins.
only to get into trouble.
1. I was stupid enough to believe him.
2. And then, disaster struck: the figure went missing, never to
be seen again.
3. He was so kind as to offer his seat to me.
4. They are too young to understand what is going on.
• To-infinitives as adverbials of result
• Appreciation
Man cannot discover new oceans
unless he has the courage to lose sight
of the shore.
—Andre Gide
• Appreciation
I have nothing to offer but blood,
toil, tears and sweat.
—Winston Churchill
• Appreciation
We need in politics men who have
something to give, not men who
have something to get.
—Bernard Baruch
• Appreciation
They were in a bar one day when some of the
men started to talk about dogs. One man said that
he had a dog who was strong enough to pull a
sledge with two hundred kilos on it．
—the Call of the Wild by Jack London
• Appreciation
“I tell you I must go!” I retorted, roused to something like passion.
“Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think
I am an automaton?—a machine without feelings? and can bear
to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop
of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am
poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You
think wrong!”
—Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë
• Appreciation
Once we dreamt that we were strangers. We
wake up to find that we were dear to each other.
—Stray Birds by Tagore
• Appreciation
Late Friday afternoon another gray veteran tramped
over from his cabin a mile or so away, and said the
boys wanted to have a little gaiety and a good time
Saturday night, if Henry thought she wouldn't be too
tired after her journey to be kept up.
—The Californian's Tale by Mark Twain
Like many people, Mr Liu has 1.__________________________(自
己要讲的故事) about the pandemic. One morning, he got up
2.____________________________(却发现自己发烧了). Worried, he
turned to the local hospital, 3.______________________(检测呈阳性)
of the virus. With a family 4._________(raise) and a mountain of
work 5. (deal with), he was at a loss what
6._______(do). Luckily for him, 7.__________________________
(治病的药) was readily available, and he has a lot of relatives and
friends 8. (支持他). Now that he has totally recovered,
Liu thinks there are important lessons 9._________(learn) from the
pandemic. “Whatever your social status is, however much money
you make, health is always the most important thing
10.____________(care about),” he says.
• Application
his own story to tell
only to find himself having a fever
only to be tested positive
to raise
to deal with
to do the medicine to cure the disease
to support him
to learn
to care about
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