2021届新高考版高考英语小题优练冲刺训练（十六）应用文阅读+记叙文阅读+说明文阅读+完型填空+语法填空（含答案解析）

2021 新高考版高考英语小题优练冲刺训练（十六） 应用文阅读+记叙文阅读+说明文阅读+完型填空+语法填空 Passage A The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms (节气). The Spring Equinox (春分), as the fourth term of the year, starts on March 20 and ends on April 3 this year. Here are things you may not know about the Spring Equinox. Swallows flying north The ancient Chinese people divided the fifteen days of the Spring Equinox into three “hou’s”, or five-day parts. As the old saying goes, swallows fly back to the North in the first hou; thunder cracks the sky in the second hou; lightning occurs frequently in the third hou. It vividly reveals the climate feature during the Spring Equinox. Egg-standing games Standing an egg upright is a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox. It is an old custom that dates back to 4,000 years ago. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. Flying kites The Spring Equinox is a good time to fly kites. In ancient times, people did not have good medical resources. To pray for health, they wrote their medical issues on a paper kite. When the kite was in the air, people would cut off the string to let the paper kite float away, symbolizing the flying away of diseases. Eating spring vegetables Eating spring vegetables during the Spring Equinox is a commonly practiced custom in many regions of China. Spring vegetables refer to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to place. The ancient teachings in the Chinese classic, Huangdi Neijing, suggest that people eat seasonal foods to help preserve health and bring good luck. 1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Spring Equinox? A. Time division. B. Climate feature. C. Customary activities. D. Historical stories. 2. What would ancient Chinese people do to pray for health? A. Stand eggs. B. Fly kites. C. Eat spring vegetables. D. Observe the immigration of birds. 3. Who are the target readers of the text? A. The general public. B. Chinese farmers. C. Culture researchers. D. Weather reporters. Passage B As a boy, I wanted to go to the South Pole. As a teenager, I decided I'd like to go to the North Pole too. And yet, I haven't done either. It had taken me 31 years to just make it to the Arctic. I was traveling with a film crew from Northern Ireland, following the footsteps of Lord Dufferin who, in the 1810s, sailed from Scotland to the Arctic. As an early adventure tourist, he was driven by the desire to see what lay at the ends of the world. As we sailed north, icebergs of the size of buses floated past our small boat. Finally, we reached our destination—English Bay, where Dufferin landed- and stepped off onto the horseshoe-shaped beach. This was what I'd dreamt of: standing somewhere so pure and primitive. However, for many early polar explorers, the results were far less pleasant. The south, in particular, was source of extreme danger. My childhood interest in the South Pole was fueled by the unsuccessful yet heroic adventures of Emest Shackleton. He died in 1922 while preparing for his fourth adventure. The stories of Robert Falcon Scott are also well-known: he and four companions died on their way back from the South Pole. So why do explorers put themselves at such risk? Much of it seems to lie in the purity of the challenge. Scott talked of the appeal of a place that had been “unreached and unseen by humans.” “With a view over shining lands covered by ice-sheets of inconceivable extent, you have the feeling of living over the control of death,” said Fridtjof Nansen, a Norwegian explorer. On the homeward journey the weather turned and we were left for a few days at the mercy of a storm. We experienced a small taste of helplessness when faced with the raw power of nature. We should be grateful for the great explorers’ spirit and stories. I know I am. 4. Why did the author begin his adventure tour? A. To assist a film crew B. To realize a childhood dream C. To memorize Lord Dufferin D. To challenge a world record 5. Which of the following best explains "inconceivable" underlined in paragraph 7? A. Hard to control B. Too far to reach C. Hard to imagine D. Too bright to view 6. What happened during the writer's journey? A. They were trapped in icebergs B. They were kept off the destination C. They were attacked by a storm D. They were rescued by explorers 7. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Appeal of the Ends of the World B. The Dream of Traveling to the Arctic C. The Victory over the Control of Death D. The Gratitude to Great Explorers Spirit Passage C If VR (virtual reality) ever goes mainstream, then it has the potential to become the biggest technological breakthrough of the decade. The idea of living in the digital world is almost as old as science fiction itself and now a headset will bring us closer to it than ever before. To enjoy the new world, all you have to do is pop on the comfortable headset, and with a quick setup on the companion app you're good to go. XRSpace claims this will be the world's first 5G mobile VR headset, so you can take it with you without being tied to the house. There are also no external sensors, with inside-out tracking technology able to detect your head and hand movements, ensuring you don't have to suffer clumsy VR controllers. The virtual world itself is where the XRSpace Manova shines the brightest and has to be seen to be believed. Seeing a gap in the market, the XRSpace Manova headset isn't focused on gaming or commercial use but rather as a VR social platform where friends and family can hang out in a virtual space similar to Linden Lab's Second Life. You can create avatars with realistic features which means they actually look like you. The avatars can act in fun ways from handshakes to stunning break-dance. Users will also be able to watch movies or live sporting events with friends and family within the shared virtual space. The XRSpace Manova absolutely realizes what you want from a VR device and that's making you feel part of the experience instead of a viewer of the experience. It is probably the closest to a fully immersive digital world we'll ever get with today's technology. Nevertheless, it's a giant leap to go from VR gaming to a VR social platform. 8. What can we know about the VR headset? A. It is designed to create your real avatar. B. It can bring a vivid virtual world to the user. C. It can monitor your trunk move accurately. D. It works better if not tied to the house. 9. Why is the VR headset different from the other previous ones? A. Not to appeal to the adolescents. B. Not to display users' real identity. C. Not to specialize in VR games. D. Not to take costs into consideration. 10. What does the underlined word “immersive" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Impressive. B. Intelligent. C. Independent. D. Involved. 11. What is the author's attitude towards the headset? A. Positive. B. Indifferent. C. Ambiguous. D. Opposed. Passage D Cecilia Chiang died on Wednesday at her home in San Francisco. She was 100. Her San Francisco restaurant, the Mandarin, ____1____ American diners in the 1960s to the richness and ____2____ of authentic Chinese cuisine. Ms. Chiang was born in a ____3____ family. When she was little, children were not allowed in the ____4____, but she paid close attention on trips to the ____5____ markets with her mother and listened carefully as ____6____instructions were given to the cooks. After her parents died, she ____7____ the family business in her teens. After the Japanese occupied Beijing in 1939, she was ____8____ to join relatives in Chongqin, where she married Chiang Liang, a professor. Ms. Chiang sailed to San Francisco in 1960 to help her sister. There she met two women who wanted to ____9____a restaurant that _____10_____ Chinese diets. Later, when the two women _____11_____ , Ms. Chiang decided to open a restaurant herself. The early days were _____12_____ But little by little, customers came _____13_____ for hot and sour soup and pan-fried potstickers. One evening, Herb Caen, the popular columnist for The Chronicle, _____14_____ at the restaurant. In a _____15_____ column, Herb Caen called it “a little hole-in-the wall” that was offering “some of the best Chinese food east of the Pacific.” 1. A. attached B. introduced C. presented D. opposed 2. A. patent B. trend C. variety D. fashion 3. A. wealthy B. poor C. typical D. powerful 4. A. kitchen B. restaurant C. market D. hotel 5. A. countryside B. food C. talent D. city 6. A. lame B. formal C. valid D. detailed 7. A. handed over B. handed up C. took up D. took over 8. A. forced B. warned C. trapped D. split 9. A. support B. open C. promote D. attain 10. A. ate B. ordered C. served D. learned 11. A. gave out B. broke down C. backed out D. carried on 12. A. difficult B. acute C. explicit D. lucky 13. A. fluently B. regularly C. relevantly D. sincerely 14. A. invested B. explored C. dined D. cooperated 15. A. rebuilding B. foreseeing C. voting D. following Passage E Why so many middle school friendships don’t last We spent hours on the phone, giggled about others, experimented with makeup and sat at the same cafeteria table every day. I made two ____1____(good) friends in middle school and for the two years that followed, I had a lot of fun with them as we ____2____(spend) adolescence together. And then the fun came to a sudden stop. Sometime around the start of high school, I had a quarrel with one of my best friends, ___3____ the other one and I just drifted apart. The friendships broke up relatively quickly. In the end, things turned out OK. I found new friends and life went on, but it’s been ____4____ mystery to me as to why both of my old, dear friends fell away. According to a scientific study, the differences between friends are bad ____5____ their friendships, ____6____(cause) conflict, differences interfere with cooperative activities and shared pleasures. When I think about it, I realize there were plenty of ____7____(difference) between my old friends and me. As we grew ____8____(old) ,those differences—academic, social, etc. —became more obvious. Maybe had I known ___9___(exact) how common they were in the teen years, I might have felt less _____10_____(depress) about the whole thing back then. So if you experience friend loss, it’s not your fault. It’s just science. 参考答案： A 1。根据第二段“The ancient Chinese people divided the fifteen days of the Spring Equinox into three “hou’s”, or five-day parts. As the old saying goes, swallows fly back to the North in the first hou; thunder cracks the sky in the second hou; lightning occurs frequently in the third hou. It vividly reveals the climate feature during the Spring Equinox (古人把春分十五天分为“三候”， 每个“候”即五天。古语有云，一候玄鸟至；二候雷乃发声；三候始电，这生动地披露了春 分时期的气候特征)”可知，这里介绍了春分的时间划分和气候特征，第三段“Standing an egg upright is a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox. It is an old custom that dates back to 4,000 years ago. (春分时期，竖蛋是中国一种流行的游戏。这是一个追溯至 4000 年前的古老风俗)”可知，这里介绍了春分的传统活动。由此可知，文章中并没有提到春分 的历史故事。故选 D。 2。根据倒数第二段“To pray for health, they wrote their medical issues on a paper kite. (为 了 XX 健康，他们把自己的医疗问题写在一个纸风筝上)”可知，古代人通过放风筝乞求健 康。故选 B。 3。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“Here are things you may not know about the Spring Equinox. (以下是一些你可能不知道的关于春分的事情)”可知，本文给我们读者科普了春分 的相关知识，此处 you 指的是我们广大读者，所以本文的读者对象是普通大众。故选 A。 B 4。根据第一段“As a boy, I wanted to go to the South Pole. As a teenager, I decided I'd like to go to the North Pole too. And yet, I haven't done either. It had taken me 31 years to just make it to the Arctic.(小时候，我想去南极。十几岁的时候，我决定我也要去北极。然而，我什么都没 做。我花了 31 年才到达北极)”以及第四段中“This was what I'd dreamt of: standing somewhere so pure and primitive. (这就是我所梦想的：站在一个如此纯净和原始的地方)”可知，作者开 始他的冒险之旅是为了实现童年的梦想。故选 B。 5。根据倒数第二段中“Much of it seems to lie in the purity of the challenge. Scott talked of the appeal of a place that had been “unreached and unseen by humans.”(这在很大程度上似乎取 决于挑战的纯粹性。Scott 谈到了一个“人类无法触及和看不见的地方”的吸引力)”以及画线词 上文“With a view over shining lands covered by ice-sheets of”和后文“you have the feeling of living over the control of death”可知，南极是人类无法触及和看不见的地方，所以挪威探险家 Fridtjof Nansen 说“看到覆盖着难以想象的冰盖的闪亮土地，你会有一种生活在死亡控制之下 的感觉。”故画线词意思和 C 选项“难以想象”最接近。故选 C。 6。根据最后一段“On the homeward journey the weather turned and we were left for a few days at the mercy of a storm.(在归途中，天气变了，我们被滞留了几天，由暴风雨摆布)”可知， 作者在旅途中被暴风雨袭击了。故选 C。 7。根据第一段“As a boy, I wanted to go to the South Pole. As a teenager, I decided I'd like to go to the North Pole too. And yet, I haven't done either. It had taken me 31 years to just make it to the Arctic.(小时候，我想去南极。十几岁的时候，我决定我也要去北极。然而，我什么都没 做。我花了 31 年才到达北极)”结合文章主要讲述了作者为了实现童年去南极的梦想，跟随 一个来自北爱尔兰的电影摄制组旅行，介绍了一路上的所见所闻和所感。可知，A 选项“世 界尽头的吸引力”最符合文章标题。故选 A。 C 8。根据第三段“The virtual world itself is where the XRSpace Manova shines the brightest and has to be seen to be believed. Seeing a gap in the market, the XRSpace Manova headset isn't focused on gaming or commercial use but rather as a VR social platform where friends and family can hang out in a virtual space similar to Linden Lab's Second Life.(虚拟世界本身是 XRSpace Manova 最亮眼的地方，必须看到才能相信。XRSpace Manova 头戴式设备看到了市场的缺 口，它并不专注于游戏或商业用途，而是作为一个虚拟现实社交平台，朋友和家人可以在类 似于林登实验室的第二人生的虚拟空间中闲逛)”可知，VR 头盔可以给用户带来一个生动的 虚拟世界。故选 B。 9。根据第三段中“Seeing a gap in the market, the XRSpace Manova headset isn't focused on gaming or commercial use but rather as a VR social platform where friends and family can hang out in a virtual space similar to Linden Lab's Second Life.(XRSpace Manova 头戴式设备看到了 市场的缺口，它并不专注于游戏或商业用途，而是作为一个虚拟现实社交平台，朋友和家人 可以在类似于林登实验室的第二人生的虚拟空间中闲逛)”可知，VR 头盔不同于以往的其他 产品是因为它不专注于虚拟现实游戏。故选 C。 10。根据画线词上文“The XRSpace Manova absolutely realizes what you want from a VR device and that's making you feel part of the experience instead of a viewer of the experience.( XRSpace Manova 绝对实现了你想从 VR 设备中得到的东西，这让你感觉自己是 体验的一部分，而不是体验的观众)”可知，该产品是让你参与到体验中而不只是作为旁观者 观看，即画线词意思是“参与的”。A. Impressive 令人印象深刻的；B. Intelligent 智慧的；C. Independent 独立的；D. Involved 参与的，卷入的。故选 D。 11。根据最后一段中“Nevertheless, it's a giant leap to go from VR gaming to a VR social platform.(然而，从虚拟现实游戏到虚拟现实社交平台是一个巨大的飞跃)”可推知，作者对该 产品是持积极态度的。故选 A。 D 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：上世纪 60 年代，她在旧金山的餐厅“Mandarin”向美国食客 介绍丰富多样的地道中国菜。A. attached 附上；B. introduced 介绍；C. presented 提出；D. opposed 反对。结合后文“American diners in the 1960s to the richness and…of authentic Chinese cuisine”可知，江孙芸把丰富多样的地道中国菜介绍给美国食客，故选 B。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. patent 专利；B. trend 趋势；C. variety 多样；D. fashion 时尚。根据上文“the richness and”可知此处指中国菜的丰富多样，应用 variety。故选 C。 3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：江女士出生在一个富裕的家庭。A. wealthy 富有的；B. poor 贫穷的；C. typical 典型的；D. powerful 强大的。根据后文“the family business in her teens”可 推测江女士家庭富裕，有家族生意。故选 A。 4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她小时候，孩子是不允许进厨房的，但她和母亲去菜市 场时总是密切注意，仔细听给厨师的详细指示。A. kitchen 厨房；B. restaurant 餐厅；C. market 市场；D. hotel 旅馆。根据后文“instructions were given to the cooks”江女士小时候只能仔细听 厨师给出的详细说明来了解食物，可推测小孩子不允许进入厨房。故选 A。 5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她小时候，孩子是不允许进厨房的，但她和母亲去菜市 场时总是密切注意，仔细听给厨师的详细指示。A. countryside 农村；B. food 食物；C. talent 才能；D. city 城市。根据后文 market 以及“instructions were given to the cooks”提到了厨师， 可推测，是指食品市场 food market。故选 B。 6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她小时候，孩子是不允许进厨房的，但她和母亲去菜 市场时总是密切注意，仔细听给厨师的详细指示。A. lame 跛足的；B. formal 正式的；C. valid 有效的；D. detailed 详细的。根据前后文“listened carefully as …instructions were given to the cooks”推测是仔细听给厨师的详细指示。故选 D。 7.考查动词短语辨析。句意：她父母去世后，她十几岁时就接管了家族生意。A. handed over 交出；B. handed up 举手；C. took up 拿起；D. took over 接管。根据后文“the family business in her teens”可知，父母去世后，江女士接管了家族生意。故选 D。 8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：1939 年日本占领北京后，她被迫加去了重庆的亲戚家里， 并在那里嫁给了教授江亮。A. forced 迫使；B. warned 警告；C. trapped 诱捕；D. split 分离。 根据上文“After the Japanese occupied Beijing in 1939”可知，由于战乱，江女士被迫去了重庆 的亲戚家。故选 A。 9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她遇到了两名想开一家中国餐馆的女性。A. support 支持；B. open 开始，打开；C. promote 促进；D. attain 获得。结合后文“a restaurant”指开一 家中国餐厅，应用 open。故选 B。 10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她遇到了两名想开一家中国餐馆的女性。A. ate 吃；B. ordered 命令；C. served 服务；D. learned 学习。结合前后文“restaurant that …Chinese diets”指这家餐馆主要是提供中国菜服务的，应用 serve。故选 C。 11.考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当这两名女性退出时，江决定自己开一家餐馆。A. gave out 分发；B. broke down 出故障；C. backed out 退出；D. carried on 继续。后文“Ms. Chiang decided to open a restaurant herself”提到江女士要自己开餐馆，可推测这两名女性退出了。故 选 C。 12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早期的日子很艰难。A. difficult 困难的；B. acute 严重 的；C. explicit 明确的；D. lucky 幸运的。结合后文“But little by little, customers came”中 but 表示转折，可推测餐厅一开始日子很艰难，没有客人，后来才逐渐好转。故选 A。 13.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但渐渐地，顾客们经常来这里喝酸辣汤和吃锅贴。A. fluently 流利地；B. regularly 定期地，经常地；C. relevantly 贴切地；D. sincerely 真诚地。结 合上文“little by little, customers came”可知餐馆是逐渐吸引了顾客，顾客才经常来这里吃饭。 故选 B。 14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，《纪事报》颇受欢迎的专栏作家 Herb Caen 在 这家餐厅用餐。A. invested 投资；B. explored 探索；C. dined 用餐；D. cooperated 合作。根 据后文“at the restaurant”指作者在餐厅用餐，应用 dine。故选 C。 15.考查动词/形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的一篇专栏文章中，Herb Caen 称它为“小 而不起眼的餐馆”，提供“太平洋东部最好的中国菜”。A. rebuilding 重建；B. foreseeing 预见； C. voting 投票；D. following 接下来的，跟随。结合上文，专栏作家 Herb Caen 是先在餐厅 吃了饭，然后才在接下来的专栏文章里写下了餐厅的情况，following 符合语境。故选 D。 E 1 考查形容词最高级。句意：我在中学时交了两个最好的朋友，在接下来的两年里，我 和他们一起度过了青春期，玩得很开心。结合句意表示“最好的”应用形容词最高级 best。故 填 best。 2 考查动词时态。句意：我在中学时交了两个最好的朋友，在接下来的两年里，我和他 们一起度过了青春期，玩得很开心。根据上文“I had a lot of fun with them”可知描述过去发生 的事应用一般过去时。故填 spent。 3 考查连词。句意：大约在高中开始的时候，我和一个最好的朋友吵了一架，而另一个 和我渐渐疏远了。连接并列句，表示前后的对比，应用 while。故填 while。 4 考查冠词。句意：我找到了新朋友，生活继续着，但我一直不明白为什么我的两位老 朋友都离我而去了。mystery 为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且 mystery 是辅音音 素开头的单词，应用 a。故填 a。 5 考查介词。句意：根据一项科学研究，朋友之间的差异不利于他们的友谊，造成冲突， 差异干扰合作活动和共享的乐趣。结合句意表示“不利于”可知短语为 be bad for。故填 for。 6 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据一项科学研究，朋友之间的差异不利于他们的友谊，造 成冲突，差异干扰合作活动和共享的乐趣。分析句子结构可知 cause 在句中应用非谓语动词 形式，与逻辑主语 differences 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填 causing。 7 考查名词数。句意：当我想到这一点时，我意识到我和我的老朋友之间有很多差异。 difference 表示“差别，差异”为可数名词，由 plenty of 修饰应用复数形式。故填 differences。 8 考查比较级。句意：随着年龄的增长，这些差异——学术上的、社会上的等等——变 得更加明显。结合句意此处指“随着年龄的增长”，应用 old 的比较级 older。故填 older。 9 考查副词。句意：也许如果我确切地知道他们在青少年时期是多么普遍，我那时可能 会对整个事情感到不那么沮丧。修饰动词 know 应用副词 exactly，作状语。故填 exactly。 10 考查形容词。句意：也许如果我确切地知道他们在青少年时期是多么普遍，我那时 可能会对整个事情感到不那么沮丧。根据上文 feel 以及主语为人，可知应填-ed 结尾形容词 depressed，作表语，表示“沮丧的”。故填 depressed。