高中英语语法--定语从句复习+练习
一、定语从句的句法功能及相关定义
1．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2．位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中
或主句之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.
As is known to us all，the earth is spinning around the sun.
3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some，any，every，no 与 body，thing 的合成词或 all，
none，any，some，that，those 等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as 等。
关系副词：when，where，why 等。
二、定语从句的核心考点
1．确定关系词的步骤：
(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
(2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places that/which we can visit in China.
2．在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用 that 而不用 which：
(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被 all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few 等修饰时。
(3)先行词为 all，much，little，none，few，something，anything 等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(6)当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which are the books that you bought for me?
3．宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
(2)在关系词前有介词时。
(3)当先行词本身是 that 时。
(4)关系词后有插入语时。
4．关系词 who 与 that 指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词：
(1)当主句是 there be 句型时，关系词用 who。
(2)先行词是 anyone，those(指人)，someone，everyone，one 等词时，关系词用 who。
(3)当主句是 who 作疑问词时，关系词用 that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom 在从句中只作宾语，可被 who 取代。
5．whose 作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room，whose window faces the river.
6．关系代词 as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(1)先行词被 such 和 the same 修饰，或句型 as many(much)中，从句都用 as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them
very much.
②the same...that...引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)先行词为主句，定语从句用 as 或 which 引导。
区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。
②位置上：as 从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放
在主句之后。
He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.
As is known，the earth is round.
7．关系副词 when 与 where，why，that：
when 指时间＝in/at/on/during which
where 指地点＝in/at/from which
why 指原因＝for which
that 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代 when，where，why 和“介词
＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为 the way，the time，the day，the place 等，在
口语中 that 常被省略。
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks.
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
8．必须注意的问题：
(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分。
②强调句中 it 无意义，that/who 不是引导词。
③去掉 it is/was 和 that/who 后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that 充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。
②同位语从句的引导词叫做连接词，that 不充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是 which 或 whom。
(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中 one 为先行
词)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中 students 为先行词)
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?
③He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.
三．练习
Ⅰ.用合适的关系词填空
1．This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
2．This is the factory ______I worked last year.
3．The reason _____ he gave is unbelievable.
4．The reason_____I went was that I wanted to meet your friends.
5．I don’t like the way _____ she speaks to her parents.
6．I don’t like the way ______ you taught me.
7．I won’t forget the day ______I joined the army.
8．I won’t forget the day______ I spent with you on the farm.
9．The basketball team，______ is playing very well，will come out first.
10．The basketball team，_____ are having a rest，will begin another match in twenty minutes.
11．There was one point ______ we must insist on.
12．After graduation，she reached a point in her career _____ she needed to decide what to do.
1.that/which 2.where 3. that/which 4.why 5. that 6. that/which 7. when
8.that/which 9.which 10. who 11.that/which 12.where
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并两句
13．I still remember the sitting room.
My mother and I used to sit in the sitting room in the evening.
I still remember the sitting room where/in which my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
14．Can you lend me the novel?
You talked about the novel the other day.
Can you lend me the novel (that/which) you talked about the other day?
15．His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone.
Her family was poor.
His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
16．I don’t like the way.
You speak to her in this way.
I don’t like the way that/in which you speak to her.
17．We live in an age.
More information is available with greater ease than ever before at this age.
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
18．Do you still remember one evening a week ago?
I came to your room and borrowed a diamond necklace a week ago.
Do you still remember one evening a week ago when I came to your room and borrowed a
diamond necklace?
19．I wish to thank Professor Smith.
I would never have got this far without his help.
I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.
20．Can you explain the reason?
For this reason you don’t want to help him.
Can you explain the reason why/for which you don’t want to help him?
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The bullet train has quickened the rate_____ which we travel from one place to another.
2．As a student of Senior Three，he has very little free time _______ he can spend developing his
own interests.
3．The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book，_____ both of them fail
to express.
4．The international situation is currently undergoing great changes ________ UNESCO plays an
irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation.
5．Locke says college is a difficult time ______ students want to make friends，find their identity
and succeed academically.
6．A great number of visitors flood in to climb up to the top of the tower，from _______they can
have a good view of the whole city.
7．It was funny that he should have told such a funny story______ made everyone present burst
into laughter.
8．The course about Chinese food attracts over 100 students per year，_____ whom up to half are
from overseas.
9．Trish Keenan，for ______ life was a discovery，was a great British singer.
10．The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
11．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of ______ purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
12．Luckily，we’d brought a road map，______ which we would have lost our way.
13．We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers.
14．He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____he is likely to lose control over the plane.
15．He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.
1. at 2.that/which 3. which 4.where 5. when 6. where 7. as 8. of 9.whom 10.
that/which 11. whose 12.without 13.when 14. where 15. that
Ⅳ.单句写作
16．他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
17．我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽乡村待的那些日子。
18．他有两个女儿，其中一个是护士。
19．那时候我们已到了黑人读者比白人读者还要多的阶段。
20．汤姆进步很大，这使我们很高兴。
16.He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
17.We will never forget the days when we stayed in that beautiful village.
18.He has two daughters，one of whom works as a nurse.
19.At that time we had reached a stage where we had more black readers than white ones.
20.Tom had made great progress，which made us very happy.
Ⅴ.语法填空
Lisa, chairwoman of cosmetics manufacturing company，suddenly felt dizzy during
a meeting，fell to the ground，knocked her forehead ，and was sent to the hospital for rescue.Lisa
is an enterprising woman.Since she was hired by the company, the company has been
open-minded and bold in reform.1._______ her guidance ， the company has abandoned the
2._________(convention) production process，adopted international cutting-edge technology，and
produced superior cosmetics,3._______ are deeply loved by customers and
4.________(distribute) to many areas.The company’s financial situation continues to
improve.Once 5._______(heavy) in debt，the company now is full of vitality，and workers’
wages and bonuses are also rising.She also reformed the employment mechanism，refused to
discriminate ， put competent people in the 6.______(lead) positions, and gave full play to
everyone’s 7._______(intelligent). As 8.____ result, she won the support and love of the
staff.Last year ， she led her staff to expand product 9._________(category) and introduce
designer clothes production lines.Her high-quality products 10._________(recognize) by
customers at home and abroad.
1.Under 2. conventional 3.which 4. distributed 5.heavily 6. leading 7. intelligence 8.
a 9.categories 10. have been recognized
微信/支付宝扫码支付