福建省2018-2019学年高一上学期期末英语试卷精选汇编：短文改错（概要写作）专题

1 短文改错专题 福建师大附中 2018-2019 学年上学期高一英语期末试题 IV． 单句改错．（共 10 题， 每小题 1 分，共 10 分）下列每句中只有一处错误，每处错 误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其 下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并 在该词下面写出修改后的词． 40．（1 分）Select a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly． Select 改为 Selecting 【分析】选择个人使用的手机并非易事，因为技术变化如此之快． 【解答】答案：Select 改为 Selecting．根据句意和结构可知这句话使用动名词作主语． 【点评】本题考查单句改错，首先了解句意，判断是哪个语法项目出了问题，这句话涉 及语法的问题． 41．（1 分）There is some doubt among doctors that the medicine will have an effect on the patients． that 改为 whether 【分析】医生们有些怀疑，这种药是否对病人会有影响． 【解答】答案：that 改为 whether．根据句意和结构可知这句话使用 There is some doubt whether+从句，意为"怀疑是否"，如果是 There is no doubt 后面用 that 引导从句． 【点评】本题考查单句改错，首先了解句意，判断是哪个语法项目出了问题，这句话涉 及语法的问题． 42．（1 分）The famous musician as well as his students who were also excellent singers were invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the Taipei Flower Expo． 第二个 were 改为 was 【分析】台北花卉博览会开幕式上，邀请了著名的音乐家及其学生，学生也是优秀的歌 手． 2 【解答】答案：第二个 were 改为 was．根据句意和结构可知 who 引导定语从句修饰 students，整个句子的谓语是第二个 be 动词，主语由 as well as 连接，谓语和 the famous musician 一致，用单数． 【点评】本题考查单句改错，首先了解句意，判断是哪个语法项目出了问题，这句话涉 及语法的问题． 43．（1 分）There are some health problems that，if not treating in time，can become bigger ones later on． treating 改为 treated 【分析】有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后可能会变得更严重． 【解答】答案：treating 改为 treated．根据句意和结构可知这句话使用 if 引导的省略条件 状语从句，problems 和 treat 是被动关系，用过去分词． 【点评】本题考查单句改错，首先了解句意，判断是哪个语法项目出了问题，这句话涉 及语法的问题． 44．（1 分）﹣﹣﹣ Now Nanjin g is so beautiful that I couldn't recognize it when I came back． ﹣﹣﹣ Yes． Great changes have been taken place in the past ten years． 把 been 去掉 【分析】﹣﹣现在南京真漂亮，回来的时候我都认不出来了． ﹣﹣是的，过去十年发生了很大的变化． 【解答】答案：把 been 去掉．根据句意和结构可知 take place 发生，没有被动语态． 【点评】本题考查单句改错，首先了解句意，判断是哪个语法项目出了问题，这句话涉 及语法的问题． 45．（1 分）The man who in charge of the factory is helpful and generous with money． in 前 加 is 或删去 who 【分析】负责工厂的人乐于助人，慷慨大方． 【解答】答案：in 前加 is 或删去 who．根据句意和结构可知 who 引导的定语从句缺少 be 动词 is，或者可以用介词短语作定语，去掉 who． 【点评】本题考查单句改错，首先了解句意，判断是哪个语法项目出了问题，这句话涉 3 及语法的问题． 46．（1 分）Only when I left my parents for Italy I realize how much I loved them． I 前加 did 【分析】只有当我离开父母去意大利的时候，我才意识到我是多么地爱他们． 【解答】答案：I 前加 did．根据句意和结构可知这句话使用 only+when 引导的时间状语 从句，置于句首，后面用部分倒装，助动词 did 放在主语前． 【点评】本题考查单句改错，首先了解句意，判断是哪个语法项目出了问题，这句话涉 及语法的问题． 47．（1 分）Tsinghua University， found in 1911， is home to a great number of outstanding figures． found 改为 founded 【分析】清华大学，创办于 1911 年，是众多杰出人物的母校． 【解答】答案：found 改为 founded 考查过去分词．分析句子结构可知此处是非谓语，found 与其逻辑主语 Tsinghua University 是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，故把 found 改为 founded． 【点评】本题考查句子改错，解答该类问题时应注意分析句子，观察其中的固定短语或 者语法知识是否有误，再结合所学知识，进行纠错． 48．（1 分）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears， but none of which has been proved． which 改为 them 【分析】科学家们提出了许多关于人类为什么哭的理论，但都没有得到证实． 【解答】答案：which 改为 them 考查代词．因为连词 but 连接句子，所以不能用关系代词 which 指代 theories，而应用人 称代词 them 代替前面的名词复数 theories，故把 which 改为 them． 【点评】本题考查句子改错，解答该类问题时应注意分析句子，观察其中的固定短语或 者语法知识是否有误，再结合所学知识，进行纠错． 49．（1 分）At the eighteenth birthday party Peter received a pencil box being decorated with some cartoon pictures on the top． 去掉 being 4 【分析】在 18 岁生日聚会上，彼得收到一个铅笔盒，上面装饰着一些卡通图片． 【解答】答案：去掉 being 考查句子改错．因为句子的谓语是 received，动词 decorate 是非谓语且与其逻辑主语 a pencil box 是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语，故去掉 being． 【点评】本题考查句子改错，解答该类问题时应注意分析句子，观察其中的固定短语或 者语法知识是否有误，再结合所学知识，进行纠错． 福建省莆田市第一中学 2018-2019 学年上学期高一英语期末试题 六、短文改错 56．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修 改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 One day, I happened to find a chatting room in my QQ, there people were chatting with English. I try to chat with some of them. To my surprised, I found the oral English of some junior students were better than mine. I asked them for advices and they told me to practise more on QQ. But every day after that, I would spend one hour practise my oral English on QQ. Day by day I learned from many useful words and expressions. With time went by, I found that I could even communicate with some college students freely. 56．1.there→where； 5 2.with→in； 3.try→tried； 4.surprised→surprise； 5.were→was； 6.advices→advice； 7.But→So/And； 8.practise→practising； 9.去掉 from； 10.With→As 或 went→ going. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者在 QQ 聊天室中通过和其他学生聊天一起练习英语的故事。 【详解】 1.考查非限定性定语从句。逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a chatting room， 且先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此用表地点的关系副词 where。故改为 where。 2.考查介词。固定短语“用英语”in English，介词为 in，故 with 改为 in。 3.考查动词时态。全文通篇为一般过去时，因此此处要用 try 的一般过去式 tried。 4.考查名词。固定短语 to one's surprise“令人吃惊的是”，用名词，故 surprised 改为 surprise。 5.考查动词。found 后是一个宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是 the oral English，为不可数名词， 因此谓语动词要用单数形式。故 were 改为 was。 6.考查名词的数。advice 意为“建议”，是一个不可数名词，没有复数形式，故 advices 改 为 advice。 7.考查连词。句意：而且每天在那之后，我都要在 QQ 上花一个小时练习我的口语。根据句 意可知，此句和前面是顺承关系或因果关系，并非转折关系。故 But 改为 So/And。 8.考查非谓语动词。固定短语 spend +钱/时间+(in) doing sth. 在做某事上花费……钱/时间。 后跟现在分词，故改为 practicing。 9.考查介词。句意：一天天地，我学习到了很多有用的单词和短语。强调学到的结果，learn 是及物动词后面直接加宾语，中间不用介词，故去掉 from。 10.考查介词。固定搭配 as time goes by 或 with time going by“随着时间的流逝” ，故 With 改为 As 或 went 改为 going。 【点睛】 as 和 with 表伴随区别： with 是介词,所以后面跟名词或名词性短语。如 with the development of science 随着科学的 发展。 as 既是介词又是连词。当 as 解释是"随着"的时候是连词，所以 as 后面要跟一个完整的句子。 如：As the sun rose, the fog dispersed.随着太阳的出现，雾气被驱散了。 6 故第十小题表示“随着时间的流逝”可用 as time goes by 或 with time going by，故 With 改 为 As 或 went 改为 going。 福建省龙岩市一级达标校 2018_2019 学年高一英语上学期期末教学质量检查试题 第一节概要写作（满分 15 分） 46.阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 The way of Chinese people’s life has been changed through the China’s “New Four Great Inventions”. What are “New Four Great Inventions”？They are High-speed rail, Shared bike, Online shopping and AliPay. What did the China’s “New Four Great Inventions” bring to us？ High-speed rail—Modern transportation makes everybody neighbors. The invention of the high-speed railway makes it easy to thousands of miles a day. Today China’s rail transit technology is the best, the China’s daily average of 4, 000 trains, sending about 4.6 million passengers. Shared bike—Short walks become more convenient and faster, and carbon missions are reduced, which is friendly to the environment. You can download the APP about shared bikes, pay some money, then you can use bicycles everywhere in the street. The Chinese shared bicycle programs have been becoming more and more popular. Online shopping—Don’t need to go out to find the needs for living. Online shopping, as the name implies, is to pay money online. Purchases(购买物) can be sent home. China has 751 million internet users, 724 million mobile phone users; total transactions (销售额) on November 11 and December 12 hit a record high every year. Online shopping lets Chinese internet users enjoy “shopping carnival” every day. Alipay—A software which can replace cash payment. With intelligence phones’ popularization, AliPay has become an indispensable (不可或缺的) APP. Through scanning the “QR code”, AliPay wants to realize the ambition of “replacing cash payments” gradually. On 11 7 November 2018, both the mobile payment account and the transaction reached 213.5 billion. There is no doubt that China has already used its own power of “New Four Great Inventions” to become the great powerful technological country, showing the power of China once again. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______ 【答案】China’s new “Four Great Inventions”— High-speed rail, Shared bike, Online shopping and AliPay have changed Chinese people’s life. High-speed rail makes trips faster than before. Meanwhile, Shared bike lets the short walks become faster, more convenient and environmentally friendly. Online shopping creates many business opportunities on the internet and Alipay will gradually replace cash payment. Without doubt, new four inventions contribute to a great and powerful technological China. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇概要写作应用文。 【详解】如何提取要点，注意事项。 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国新的“四大发明”：高速铁路，共享单车，网上购物和支 付宝。文章结构为总分总结构。 第一、二段总起全文，介绍了中国新的“四大发明”，因此围绕这一句话可以展开概述。 8 第三、四、五和第六段详细介绍新的“四大发明”。第四段介绍高速铁路，其中“The invention of the high-speed railway makes it easy to thousands of miles a day.”指出高速铁路的发明使得 交通更加快速，故可根据本句进行概述为 High-speed rail makes trips faster than before.；第五 段介绍共享单车“Short walks become more convenient and faster, and carbon missions are reduced, which is friendly to the environment.”指出共享单车使短途行走变得更加方便快捷， 减少了碳排放任务，对环境友好。故可根据本句进行概述为 Shared bike lets the short walks become faster, more convenient and environmentally friendly.；第五段介绍了网上购物，指出 “total transactions (销售额) on November 11 and December 12 hit a record high every year.”高额 的销售额意味着更多的商业机会；第六段介绍支付宝“A software which can replace cash payment.”可替代现金支付，故可根据本句进行概括为 Alipay will gradually replace cash payment. 。 最后一段阐述新“四大发明”对中国的影响为：become the great powerful technological country。 福建省永春县第一中学 2018_2019 学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题 第三节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有 10 处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 My English teacher gave us a horrible job today. She told us what we would have to prepare a ten-minute speech for Tuesday. I can’t stand speaking in front of the class. Anyway, I asked my teacher if I could do something different—like a writing report. I told her how nervously I would 9 get when speak before the class. My teacher explained me that she couldn't change that. While she did have some advices. She encouraged me to get to work right away. She said if I practice my speech ahead of time，I would feel the more comfortable . As a result of his warm words，I decided to make a try. 六、短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） My English teacher gave us a horrible job today. She told us what we would have to that prepare a ten-minute speech for Tuesday. I can’t stand speaking in front of the class. Anyway, I asked my teacher if I could do something different—like a writing report. written I told her how nervously I would get when speak before the class. My teacher nervous speaking explained∧ me that she couldn't change that. While she did have some advices. She to But advice encouraged me to get to work right away. She said if I practice my speech ahead of practiced time，I would feel the more comfortable . As a result of his warm words，I decided to her make a try.