人教高中英语5Unit5LearningaboutLanguage课件(5)

Grammar Ellipsis 为了避免重复，在句子中有时 就省去了一个或几个句子成分。 这种语法手段就称为省略，不 产生歧异。 不定式中的省略 省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如 果不定式to后是be或完成时态，则须保留be 或have或have been: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have. • — Are you a teacher? • — No, but I used to be • (a teacher). • John didn’t come, but he ought to have (come). • 1. —— Have you watered the flowers? • —— No, but __________. • A.I am B. I’m going • C. I’m just going to D.I will go • 2. —— He hasn’t gone to the office up to now. • —— Well, he __________. • A. should B. ought to • C. ought to go D. ought to have • .(★★★★)—You should have thanked her before she left. • —I meant ________,but when I was l e a v i n g I c o u l d n ’ t f i n d h e r anywhere.A. to do B. to • C. doing D. doing so B • —Aren’t you the manager？ • —No,and I________. A.don’t want to B.don’t want to be C.don’t want be D.don’t want • 若不定式中带有be, have， have been 等, 通常保留be, have， have been. • —What do you think made Mary so upset? • —________ her bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing Losing her bicycle made Mary so upset 复合句中的省略 • 一. 状语从句的省略 • 1.When (you are) crossing the road, you'd better look at both sides. The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police. Unless (I am) invited, I will not go. 1.如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并 且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从语 中的主语及be动词一起省略。 • 2. Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible. We’ll have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary. • 2.当状语从句的主语与谓语是it is、it was时，常被省略。这种结构通常为： if (it is) possible, when (it is)necessary等 在含有状语从句的复合句中 1.when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时 间状语从句； 2.if，unless引导的条件状语从句； 3.though，although，even if ，even though引 导的让步状语从句； 4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句； 5.wherever引导的地点状语从句 若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在 谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。 再强调： 1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned but I told a lie when （I was） questioned at the meeting by my boss • 2. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed 　 B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed • When the museum is completed • 3.When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing 　　B. introduced C. introduce 　　 D. being introduced • 4.. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A invited 　　　　 B. inviting 　　　　　　　　　　 C. being invited 　　D. having invited • While________ for the bus,I met an old friend of mine. • A.waited B.waiting • C.wait D.to wait • 二、 并列句中的省略 • She was poor but (she was) honest. • When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. • 在由and,but,or 连接的两个并列句 中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句 中相同的部分。 三、定语从句的省略 • 1.The first aid (that) he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. • He is the man (that/who/whom) you can depend on. • 1.定语从句的关系代词that /which /who在从句中作宾语时可省略 • 2.The way (that/in which) she did things really impressed us. • Is this the way (that/in which) he always looks at problems? • 2.当先行词为表方式的the way 时，从 句用that/in which引导， that/in which也常被省略 • What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷) • A. the way 　B. in the way that • C. in the way D. the way which • 四、宾语从句中的省略 • 1.We all know (that) light travels faster than sound. I hope (that) you’ll be fine soon and that you can go back to work. 1)引导宾语从句的连词that常被省略 2) 如果有两个及以上宾语从句，第一 个可省略，其他的不省。 so 与 not 的替代性用法 • 在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose, 等开头的作答 句中,其后的宾语从句可以省略, 用so 或 not 替代 • 若从句为肯定句，就用so代替。 但绝不能用it或that 。 • 若从句为否定句，有两种表达 一: 用not 代替 如 I hope not. 二: 用“主语+助动词的否定形式+think so.” 如：I don’t think so • a. —Do you believe our team will win? —I guess so —I guess not (your team will not win). • b.—Do you think it will rain? —I hope so (it will rain). —I hope not (that it will not rain). (your team will win). • (★★★★)—Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken. • —Oh,I________. • A.hope not to B.hope not • C.hope not so D.don’t hope so • 温馨提示 • hope和guess肯定用so, 但是从句为否定时， 只能用于 “主语+hope/ guess+ not”结构. • —Would you like to join us in the game? • —_____, for I have something important to attend to. A. I will B. I ’d love to • C. I won’t D. I ’m afraid not • —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend? • —________. • A.I don’t believe • B.I don’t believe it • C.I believe not so • D.I believe not 其他省略 1)某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动 词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不 定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day. 其他省略 2) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定 式的 to可带可不带。 All we can do now is (to) wait. 3) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的 不定式符号to可带可不带。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest. 其他省略 4）、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可 省略，但后面的语序有变化。 (⑴) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better. (3）Should there be a flood, what should we do? 5）、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。 The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). if any ,if ever, if anything,经常与否定词little, seldom, few等连用; if so则表示肯定。 if any /if anything “如果有的话或即使有的话 ” Correct mistakes, if any． 如果有错，请改一下。 The changes will have little,if any,effect on problems Happiness has little, if anything, to do with money. if ever 意为“如果曾经有过或即使有过的话” It occurs seldom, if ever． 即使有其事，也必不多。 She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema． 她几乎从不去看电影。 It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If so, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.