Ellipsis (省略）
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省
略句中的一个或几个句子成分，
这种语法现象称为省略。
定义
考点一:宾语从句中的省略：
1)在say, know, think, believe, suppose,
consider, find, decide等动词后面所接的一个
宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若后接多个宾
语从句，只有第一个连词that可省略，其余的连
词that不能省略。如：
I think (that) you like me, do you?
我们的语文老师说这篇课文非常重要，我们应
该把它记住。
Our Chinese teacher said (that) the text
was very important_________________
______________.
and that we should
learn it by heart
注意：当先行词为表示方式的the way 时，从句用
that 或 in which 引导， that 或 in which 也常可省略。
判断正误：
这是我的妻子，我的一切都归功于她。
This is my wife, I owe everything to.( )
见到她的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。
The day I saw her was the
greatest of my life. ( )
注意：关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，即使
在从句中作宾语，_________。“介词+关系
代词”引导定语从句，关系代词_________。
√
whom/who
∧ ×
on which
不可省略
不可省略
1.when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时
间状语从句； 2.if，
unless引导的条件状语从句；
3.though，although，even if ，even though引
导的让步状语从句；
4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句； 5.
wherever引导的地点状语从句
若从句的主语是it或与主句的主
语相同，且谓语是be时，常同时
省略从句的主语和be。
didn’tmeant
o
② 不定式在句中作某些动词的宾语补足语时，
常见动词如ask，advise，persuade, tell,
wish, allow, permit, force等。如：
最后他们照我的话做了。
At last they did as I told them to.
她想来但她父母不让她来。(allow)
She wants to come but her parents won’t
___________.allow her to
2.可省略不定式符号to的场合：
① 不定式作表语，若表语前的主语中有实义动
词do及其各种形式，表语中的不定式可省略to。
如：
What I’d advise you to do is take exercise
every day. ( )
The most important thing I should do is (to)
give you some advice on how to learn a
foreign language. ( )
主语从句中有实义动词do
主语的定语从句
中有实义动词do
② 不定式做介词but，except等的宾语，且前
面有实义动词do的各种形式时，须省略不定式
符号to。如：
They nothing but watch TV last night.
昨晚他们只看了电视，其他什么都没有干。
I don’t want to anything
except________. 除了帮助你们，我什么事情
都不想做。
He had no choice but ________________.
他别无选择，只能跟她说了真话。
help you
to tell her the truth
did
do
③ 在see, look at, hear, listen to, watch, notice，
observe，feel，have，make，let等词后作宾语补足语
时，须省略不定式符号to。如：
昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。
Yesterday I listened to Mary speak movingly
about her love story once again.
她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。
Her love story always makes me cry.
判断正误：
He was seen to cheat in the exam. ( )
有人看见他考试作了弊。
He was made to admit that he had cheated in the
exam. ( )他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。
注:以上动词若用于被动语态,不定式符号to不可省略。
√
√
1.虚拟条件句中如有were, had, should,可省略
if,将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。如:
如果我是你的话，我就会努力学习。
If I were you, I would study hard.
__________, I would study hard.
早知如此，我就不来了。
If I had known it, I would not have come.
_____________, I would not have come.
如果你明天遇到周杰伦，你会对他说什么?
If you should meet Jay Chou tomorrow,
what would you say to him?
_______________ Jay Chou tomorrow,
what would you say to him?
Should you meet
Had I known it
Were I you
2. 在与request, advise, suggest, recommend
demand, require, insist, order, command 等词相关
的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should + 动词
原形”，should可以省略。如：
汤姆建议我们去看电影《功夫熊猫》。
Tom suggested that we (should) go to see the
movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
It was suggested that we (should) go to see the
movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
Tom made the suggestion that we (should) go to
see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
Tom’s suggestion was that we (should) go to see
the movie Kung Fu Panda. (______从句)
宾 语
主 语
同位语
表 语
1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的
动名词，常见的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in)
doing； have difficulty/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing；
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid.
考点七:介词的省略
2. 表示行为方式的in在in this way, in the same
way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。
He did it (in) this way.
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