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年 级 八年级 学 科 英语 版 本 人教版（新目标）
课程标题 下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一、学习目标
进行有礼貌的请求，寻求许可。
—Could you please sweep the floor?
—Yes, sure.
—Could I use your computer?
—Sorry. I’m going to work on it now.
二、重点、难点
重点
单词：throw, neither, borrow, provide
短语：take out the rubbish, all the time, in order to, depend on.
句型：
（1）I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
（2）The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mother came over.
（3）Could you please take the dog for a walk?
（4）The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
难点
如何表达有礼貌地请求、许可
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一、单词领读
rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物 fold v. 折叠；对折
sweep v. 扫；打扫 floor n. 地板
mess n. 杂乱；不整洁 throw v. 扔；掷
neither adv. 也不 shirt n. 衬衫
pass v. 给；递；走过；通过 borrow v. 借；借用
lend v. 借给；借出 finger n. 手指
hate v. 厌恶；讨厌 while conj. 在……期间；当……的
时候
stress n. 精神压力；心理负担 waste n. 浪费；滥用
provide v. 提供；供应 anyway adv. 而且；加之
develop v. 发展；壮大 fairness n. 公正性；公平合理
since conj. 从……以后；自……以来 neighbor n. 邻居
result n. 后果；结果 ill Adj. 有病；不舒服
drop v. 落下；掉下 fair adj. 合理的；适当的
二、重点单词
【单词学习】
1. throw v. 扔；掷
【用法】
其过去式为：threw。可构成短语：throw …to/at 朝……扔； throw down 扔下；
throw away 扔掉。
【例句】
Please throw the ball to me. 请把球传给我。
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My brother was angry and threw down his books. 我弟弟很生气，把他的书扔了。
The newspapers are old. Please throw them away. 这些报纸旧了。扔掉吧。
【考题链接】
—Why did Betty _________ her bag yesterday?
—Because it’s very heavy.
A. threw down B. throw down C. throwed down D. thrown down
答案：B
思路分析：根据问句中的助动词 did 可知后接动词原形 throw，故选 B 项。句意为“为
什么贝蒂昨天把书包扔下？因为它很重”。
2. neither adv. 也不
【用法】
通常放在句子的开头，常用倒装语序。neither/nor 和 so 引导倒装句表示“也”。neither/nor
引导倒装句表示与上述否定情况相同，而 so 引导的句子表示与上述肯定情况相同。倒装句
的时态与上句保持一致。结构为：neither/ nor/ so +情态动词/助动词/be 动词+主语。
【例句】
If she won’t go, neither shall I. 要是她不去，我也不去。
He finished his homework. So did I. 他完成了作业，我也完成了。
【拓展】
（1）neither pron. 两者都不，作主语时，后面的谓语动词要用单数形式。
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（2）neither adj. 两者都不；两者中没有一个，常置于单数名词前。
（3）neither… nor … 既不……也不……，引导并列成分作主语时，谓语动词采用就近
原则，反义短语是 both …and…，意为“……和……都”。
【例句】
Neither of us likes watching thrillers. 我们两个都不喜欢看恐怖片。
Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。
Neither he nor I know how to spell the word. 他和我都不知道如何拼写这个单词。
【辨析】
neither 和 none，两者都有“都不”之意，但具体含义不同。
neither
表示“两者都不”，反义词是 both“两者
都”。Neither of 引导主语时谓语动词用单
数形式。
Neither of them is interested in math. 他
们两个都对数学不感兴趣。
none
表示“三者或三者以上都不”，反义词是
all“三者或三者以上全都”，none of 引导
主语时谓语动词用单、复数形式都行。
None of them is/ are excited about the
news. 听到这个消息他们谁也不感到
振奋。
【考题链接】
If you don’t go, _______________.
A. so won’t I B. neither do I C. neither I will D. neither will I
答案：D
思路分析：根据 if 引导的条件状语是一般现在时可知主语用一般将来时；排除 B 项；
条件状语从句是否定句，主句故用 neither 引导，排除 A 项；应用倒装句，故排除 C 项。
3. borrow v. 借；借用
【用法】
指说话人向别人借东西供自己用，是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的词或短语连用。
常用短语：borrow sth. from sb./somewhere. 从某人/某处借入某物
【例句】
They often borrow some books from the library. 他们经常从图书馆借书。
【拓展】
lend v. 借给；借出，是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用。常构成短语：
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lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物
keep 由“保存；保留”引申为“借用”，是延续性动词，可以与一段时间连用。
He lent me a dictionary.=He lent a dictionary to me. 他借给我一本词典。
You can keep this book for two days. 你可以借这本书两天。
【考题链接】
—May I _____________ this book?
—Yes, but you mustn’t _____________ it to others.
A. lend; borrow B. borrow; keep C. borrow; lend D. lend; keep
答案：C
思路分析： lend 表示“借出”，常与 to 连用；borrow 表示“借入”，常与 from 连用；
keep 表示“借”多长时间。根据答语中空格之后的介词 to 可判定空格处用 lend，故选 C 项。
句意为“—我可以借这本书吗？—可以，但是你一定不要把它借给别人。”
4. provide v. 提供；供应
【用法】
是及物动词，常用短语为：provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物。
【例句】
They provided the sufferers in Yushu with food and clothes. = They provided food and
clothes for
the sufferers in Yushu. 他们向玉树的受难者提供食物和衣服。
【考题链接】
The management will provide food and drink ____________us.
A. to B. with C. of D. for
答案：D
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思路分析：考查 provide sth. for sb. 句意为“管理部门将给我们提供食物和饮料”。
【即学即练】
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1. Yesterday she ____________（扔） a small stone at a window.
2. Tom and I went to the park, but _________（两者都不） of us liked boating.
3. Last week he ___________（借） my math book, but he didn’t return it to me.
4. His mother __________（提供） him with money.
答案：1. threw 2. neither 4. borrowed 7. provides/ provided
三、重点短语
【短语学习】
1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
【用法】
take out 取出，由“动词+副词“构成的短语动词，当宾语为名词时，可置于两词之间
或之后；但当其宾语为人称代词时，则置于两词中间。
【例句】
Your pencil is in the bag. Please take it out. 你的铅笔在书包里，请把它取出来。
【考题链接】
___________ your pen and write down what I’m going to say.
A. Take away B. Take off C. Take down D. Take out
答案：D
思路分析： A 项意为“取走”；B 项意为“脱下；起飞”；C 项意为“取下”；D 项意为
“取出”。根据后半句句意“写下我要说的”可知是“取出”你的钢笔。其他三项不符句意。
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2. all the time 一直；向来
【用法】
多放于句末。always 与 all the time 是同义词，但 always 常位于系动词 be、情态动词、
助动词之后，实义动词前。
【例句】
He is late for class all the time. 他一直上课迟到。
Tom talked about his holiday all the time. = Tom always talked about his holiday.
汤姆总是谈他的假期。
【考题链接】
Don’t tell me what to do and what not to do _____________. I can think and do things by
myself.
A. all the same B. all the time C. in fact D. by the way
答案：B
思路分析：A 项意为“仍然”；B 项意为“反复”；C 项意为“事实上”；D 项意为“顺
便说一句”；根据句意只有 B 项合适。句意为“不要总是告诉我该做什么、不该做什么。我
自己会思考、会做事。”
3. in order to 目的是；为了
【用法】
表示目的，后接动词原形。in order to 既可放在句首，也可放在句中，放在句中时，相
当于 so as to。二者的否定形式都是在 to do 之前加 not。
【例句】
He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the early bus.
他早起床目的是为了赶上早班公共汽车。
In order not to fail the exam, he studied for fourteen hours every day.
为了考试不失利，他每天学习 14 个小时。
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【拓展】
in order that… 目的是为了，用来引导目的状语从句，相当于 so that，从句中常有情态
动词。
【例句】
He raised his voice in order that/ so that we could hear him.
他提高嗓音目的是为了我们能够听到。
【考题链接】
Yesterday morning I got up early ___________ be late for the exam.
A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to
答案：C
思路分析：in order to 和 so as to 都表示“为了……”，可放在句中，否定形式都是在 to
前加 not，故排除 B 项；再据句意“昨天早上，我起床很早目的是为了不耽误考试。”，故排
除 A, D 两项。
4. depend on 依靠；信赖
【用法】
主语通常是表示人的词。
【例句】
You can’t depend on your parents forever. 你不能永远依赖你的父母。
【考题链接】
Whether we’ll go to the mountains or not __________ the weather.
A. turns on B. puts on C. depends on D. depend on
答案：C
思路分析：主语是 whether 引导的从句，从句作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，
排除 D 项；根据句意“我们是否去山上取决于天气”，故选 C 项。
【即学即练】
1. They always get up early to practice English in the morning. （改为同义句）
They get up early _________ _________ __________ to practice English in the morning.
2. I came here early in order that I could buy some fresh vegetables. （改为同义句）
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I came here early ________ _________ _________ buy some fresh vegetables.
3. 谁把垃圾倒了？或许我的手表掉在里面了。
Who_________ __________ __________ __________? Perhaps my watch was in it.
4. 你不要总依靠我。
You can’t always __________ __________me.
答案：1. all the time 2. in order to 3. took out the rubbish 4. depend on
四、重点句型
【句型学习】
1. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我认为两小时的电视对你来说足够了！
【句析】
本句是复合句。I think 后接的是宾语从句。在从句中作主语的是 two hours of TV。
当表示距离、时间、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
【例句】
1000 yuan every month is enough for me. 一月 1000 元对我来说就足够了。
【考题链接】
—Two months ______________ quite a long time.
—Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss lots of lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
答案：A
思路分析：two months 表示时间，作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。根据答语中的“我恐
怕他会耽误许多课”可知不表示过去，故排除 C 项。
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2. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mother came over.
我一在电视机前坐下，妈妈就过来了。
【句析】
本句是由 the minute 引导的时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。the moment 引导的
时间状语从句可与 as soon as 引导的互换。
【例句】
The minute I saw him I knew there was no hope. = As soon as I saw him, I knew there was
no hope.
我一看到他我就知道没有希望了。
The moment I heard the news, I ran to my house.= As soon as I heard the news, I ran to my
house.
我一听到这个消息就向我家跑去。
【考题链接】
____________ we got to the bus stop, the bus started to leave.
A. When B. If C. The minute D. Before
答案：C
思路分析：A 项意为“当……的时候”；B 项意为“如果”；D 项意为“在……以前”；
根据句意“我们一到达车站，公交车就开始离开了”可知均不符句意。C 项意为“一……
就……”，合适。
3. Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你带小狗散散步好吗？
【句析】
could 在此句中表示语气的委婉，并不是表示过去，而是用于有礼貌地请求。
could 表示请求、许可的用法及其答语
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【例句】
—Could you please make the bed? 请你铺一下床好吗？
—Of course. 当然可以了。
—Could I go to the store? 我可以去商店吗？
—Sorry, you can’t. 对不起，你不能。
【考题链接】
—Could you please sweep the floor?
—_____________. I have to do my homework.
A. Yes, sure B. No problem C. Sorry, you can’t D. Sorry, I can’ t
答案：D
思路分析：根据答语中的“我必须做作业”，说明“不能扫地”，故排除肯定回答 A, B
两项；又因为问句意为“请你扫地好吗？”故答语中用 I，排除 C 项。
4. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子们越早地学会独立，对他们的将来就越好。
【句析】
本句是含有“the +比较级……，the+比较级……”的句型。意为“越……，就越……”。
【例句】
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The more, the better. 越多越好。
The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越学就越想学。
【考题链接】
During the exams, the more careful you are, the ___________ mistakes you will make.
A. fewer B. fewest C. less D. least
答案：A
思路分析：本题考查“the +比较级……，the+比较级……”的句型。mistakes 是可数名
词，故用 few 的比较级形式。
【即学即练】
1. Do you think five years __________ a long time?
A. is B. was C. are D. were
2. _________I get to Shanghai, I __________ you.
A. As soon as; call B. The moment; will call
C. As soon as; called D. The moment; call
3. ___________ it is, __________ clothes you should wear.
A. Cold; more B. The colder; the more
C. The colder; more D. Colder; the more
4. Could you please __________ your clothes?
A. fold B. folded C. folding D. to fold
答案：1—4 ABBA
思路分析：
1. five years 表示一段时间，是个整体；谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；主句谓语动词是
一般现在时，故从句根据实际，可选 A 项。
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2. 根据主将从现原则，B 项正确。句意为“我一到达上海，就会给你打电话的”。
3. 句意为“天气越冷，你就应该穿越多的衣服”，故用“the +比较级……，the+比较级……”
句型。
4. Could you please 后接动词原形，故选 A 项。
【课文领读】
Section B 2b
Dear Sir,
I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
Kids these days already have enough stress from school. They don’t have time to study and do
housework, too. Housework is a waste of their time. Could we just let them do their job as
students? They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a
good university. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there’s no need for
them to do it now. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home
for their children. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. I don’t mind doing them.
Mr. Smith
Dear Sir,
I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.
It’s not enough to just get good grades at school. Children these days depend on their parents too
much. They’re always asking, “Could you get this for me?” or “Could you help me with that?”
Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after
themselves. It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness. Since they live in one house with
their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. Our
neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had no idea how to take care of
himself. As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. The earlier kids learn to be
independent, the better it is for their future.
Ms. Miller
下册 Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、预习新知
1. 写出下列单词的意思
allow________; argue_________; instead_________; offer_________;
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explain________; return________; continue________; perhaps_______.
2. 写出下列短语的含义
work out________; get on with________; cut out_________; compare …with__________
3. 翻译下列句子：
（1）Why don’t you talk to your parents? ________________________________________
（2）Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. ____________________________________
（3）He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry. ________________________
（4）You shouldn’t wait until the last minute to study for a test. ______________________
二、预习点拨
思考问题一：allow 的用法有哪些？
思考问题二：compare …with 和 compare … to 有什么差别？
思考问题三：so that 可引导目的状语从句，与其同义的连词是什么？
（答题时间：40 分钟）
下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点单词
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. I _________ my bike to Mike yesterday. Can I _________ yours?
A. lent; lend B. borrowed; borrow C. lent; borrow D. borrowed; lend
2. We didn’t go to the movies last night, _________.
A. so did they B. neither did they C. so they did D. neither they did
3. —Are you going to Tibet for vacation?
—Yes. I want you to ________me with some information about it.
A. drop B. show C. give D. provide
4. I don’t want the excuse. I only want the __________.
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A. door B. floor C. result D. mess
5. Next Sunday we’re going to visit the _________ children in the hospital.
A. sick B. ill C. healthy D. happy
Ⅱ. 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1. I don’t think housework is a _________（浪费） of time.
2. The _________（结果） of the match is surprising.
3. I _________（掉下） my pen on the playground yesterday.
4. Could you please __________（提供） some advice for me?
5. Throwing the _________（垃圾） everywhere is not polite.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Dear Lily,
Thank you very much for taking 1 of my dog when I’m not at home. Please 2 my dog
and birds every day. The dog food is in the kitchen and the bird food is 3 the dog food. Also
could you please give the dog water every day? The water bowl is near his food dish.
4 water the flowers twice a week. And could you please take out the rubbish on Monday?
The cleaners come for 5 then. And on Tuesday please help me 6 my mailbox. If you are
7 , have some orange juice. If you are hungry , 8 some cakes. They are in the fridge（冰
箱）. You can help yourself to some fruit, too. Please 9 to close the windows and lock the
door 10 you leave.
I’ll see you in three weeks. Thank you again for your help.
Yours,
Nancy
1. A. help B. care C. note D. money
2. A. eat B. drink C. feed D. give
3. A. out of B. in C. next to D. off
4. A. Don’t B. Never C. Please D. Always
5. A. you B. me C. us D. it
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6. A. check B. look C. get D. find
7. A. thirsty B. tired C. happy D sad
8. A. use B. make C. enjoy D. cook
9. A. want B. forget C. remember D. plan
10. A. after B. when C. until D. because
下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点短语
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. The old women get up early in the morning _______ buy fresh vegetables in the supermarket.
A. in order to B. so as not to C. in order that D. so that
2. Here are some books. Could you please ________?
A. take out them B. take them out C. take out it D. take it out
3. When you climb the mountain, you should ______.
A. take care of B. look after C. take care D. be carefully
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子
1. 请你整理一下你的床铺好吗？
Could you please ________ _________ _________?
2. 我正打算使用我的电脑。
I’m going to ________ ________ my computer.
3. 我姐姐总是熬夜看电视。
My sister stays up watching TV ________ _________ _________.
4. 你在家依赖父母做一切吗？
Do you ________ _________ your parents to do everything for you at home?
5. 我同学有时候帮我叠衣服。
My classmate sometimes helps me ________ _________ _________.
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下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点句型
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. — Could I look at your picture?
—Yes, of course you ______.
A. could B. can C. will D. may
2. I don’t think two months ______ a long time.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
3. The more exercise you take, ______ you will be.
A. healthier B. happier C. the healthier D. the weaker
4. _____ he came here, his phone rang.
A. When B. While C. If D. The minute
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
根据短文内容，完成下列任务。
Mrs. Smith has two daughters. Let’s have a look at what chores they do at home.
“①Alice started doing chores when she was about eight years old. At that time, she did the
dishes with ②me together and ③she has to sweep the floor. She is ten years old now. She is now
doing the dishes herself and has to do the laundry, too.”
“Amy is four and she started doing chores this July. ④She cleans the table after dinner, and
she also learns to fold her own clothes. She likes to help me sweep. I asked her to help mop （拖
地）, but she fell down too many times. And ⑤有时候她也帮助她姐姐. Her work is usually not
perfect （完美的）.”
“Last week Alice got her pocket money, but lost it two days later. She didn’t do her chores
the next two days. She will get the money back if she can keep doing her chores every day till the
end of this month.”
1. 将画线句子①改为同义句。
___________________________________________
2. 写出画线代词②对应的人物。
___________________________________________
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3. 画线句子③中有一处错误，请改正。
___________________________________________
4. 将画线句子④译成汉语。
___________________________________________
5. 将画线句子⑤译成英语。
___________________________________________
Ⅲ. 书面表达
英语课上，老师组织全班同学开展有关“做家务”的讨论。假如以下是你小组的讨论结
果，根据这个结果用英语向全班同学汇报一下。
who what
Wang Li cook dinner
Liu Ying help Mom clean the rooms
Ma Jie wash clothes
I help father water the flowers
提示：汇报内容：你组同学和你所做的家务及你对做家务的看法；80 词左右。开头和
结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear class,
Now let me tell you the result in our group. __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
That’s all. Thanks for listening!
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下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点单词
Ⅰ. 1. C 解析：根据前句的 to 可知用 lend；lend sth. to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”；句意为
“昨天我把自行车借给迈克了。我可以借你的吗？”，故选 C 项。
2. B 解析：前半句是否定句，故应用 neither；后接倒装语序，故选 B 项。句意为“昨天
晚上我们没有去看电影，他们也没去”。
3. D 解析：A 项意为“落下；掉下”；B 项意为“展示；给……看”；C 项意为“给”；D
项意为“提供；供应”；provide sb. with sth.是常用结构，意为“提供某人某物”。句意为“—
你打算去西藏度假吗？—是的。我想让你提供给我一些关于西藏的信息”。
4. C 解析：A 项意为“门”；B 项意为“地板”；C 项意为“结果”；D 项意为“杂乱”；
根据句意“我不想要借口。我只想要结果”可知 C 项正确。
5. A 解析：B 项只作表语；根据“在医院里面的”可知是“生病的孩子”，故选 A 项。
Ⅱ. 1. waste 2. result 3. dropped 4. provide 5. rubbish
Ⅲ. 1. B 解析：take care of 意为“照顾；照料”。
2. C 解析：feed my dog and birds 意为“喂我的狗和鸟”。
3. C 解析：句意为“鸟食在狗食的旁边”。
4. C 解析：句意为“请每周浇两次花”。
5. D 解析：句意为“那时清洁工们来取走（垃圾）”，rubbish 为不可数名词，用 it 代替。
6. A 解析：句意为“在星期二请帮我检查邮箱”。
7. A 解析：由下一句的 have some orange juice（喝点橘汁）可知。
8. C 解析：enjoy some cakes 意为“享用一些蛋糕”。
9. C 解析：remember to do sth。意为“记着去做某事”。
10. B 解析：when you leave 意为“当你离开时”。
下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点短语
Ⅰ. 1. A 解析：根据空后是短语，故排除引导从句的 C, D 两项；根据句意“这些老妇人早
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上早起床是为了在超市买新鲜蔬菜”。B 项是否定，与句意不符。
2. B 解析：take out 为动副短语，其宾语为代词时，需要放在动词与副词之间，故排除 A，
C 两项；又由于其宾语是复数，故选 B 项。
3. C 解析：A，B 两项都意为“照顾；照料”；C 项意为“当心；小心”；D 项短语有误；
根据句意“当你登山时，你应当小心”。
Ⅱ. 1. make the/ your bed 2. work on 3. all the time 4. depend on 5. fold the clothes
下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点句型
Ⅰ. 1. B 解析：could 表示语气的委婉，肯定答语中用 can，故选 B 项。
2. A 解析：本句中含有宾语从句，其中主语是 two months，表示时间，谓语动词用单数
形式。句意为“我认为两个月不长”，A 项合适。
3. C 解析：前半句中用了 the more，后半句也应用“the+比较级”的形式；D 项 the weaker
意为“越虚弱”，与句意不符。句意为“你锻炼越多，你就会越健康”。
4. D 解析：when 引导从句时，主句用进行时；while 从句中的动词是延续性的；If 意为
“如果”，与句意不符；句意为“他一来到这儿，他的电话就响了”，故选 D 项。
Ⅱ. 1. Alice began doing chores at the age of eight.
2. Mrs. Smith
3. has →had
4. 她饭后擦桌子，还学着叠自己的衣服。
5. Sometimes she also helps her sister. / Sometimes she helps her sister, too.
Ⅲ.
Dear class,
Now let me tell you the result in our group. Wang Li often cooks dinner and Liu Ying helps
Mom clean the rooms at weekends. Ma Jie sometimes washes clothes for her family. As for me, I
usually help father water the flowers.
In my opinion, it’s necessary for us students to do some chores. By doing them, we can help
our parents and understand them better. We can also learn to take care of ourselves. I also think it’s
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relaxing to do some housework in the free time.
That’s all. Thanks for listening!
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