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8B unit5
1.drop litter everywhere 到处扔垃圾
2.cut in(on sb./sth.)打断（谈话），插嘴
3.queue for your turn 排队等候你的顺序
4.leave the tap running 让水龙头一直开着
5.greet sb.with a kiss 和某人用亲吻打招呼
6.shake sb.'s hand 与某人握手
7.in public 公开地，在别人面前
8.push in 插队，加塞
9.bump into someone 撞到某人
10.in one's way 挡住某人的路
11.as well(as)也，还有
12.by accident 偶然，意外地
13.join the discussion 参加讨论
14.keep sb.from sth.不让某人做某事，使免受。。。。。
15.risk losing everything 冒着失去一切的危险
16.above all 首要的是
1. You're old enough to learn about manners now,Hobo.
霍波，现在你足够大了，该学礼仪了。
2. You're never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
3.British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.
英国人只和亲戚或亲密的朋友用亲吻打招呼。
4.They talk about the weather,holidays,music,books or something else.
他们谈论天气、假期、音乐、书籍或其他一些事情。
5. They think it's rude to push in before others.
他们认为在别人前面插队是粗鲁无礼的。
6. Just as the saying goes,"When in Rome,do as the Romans do.”
就像谚语所说：“入乡随俗。”
7.These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable
at the table.
这些规则是重要的，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在就餐时都很舒服。
共 5页 第 2页1. manner “礼貌，礼仪；规矩”常用复数形式。
固定短语：good manners 有礼貌 , no manners 没有礼貌
2. cut in (on sb. /sth.) “打断（谈话），插嘴”
cut v. “切，割，剪”常用短语：cut out 剪出，裁出， cut off 切断，砍断
3. politely adv. “礼貌地”
如： Everyone should speak politely in public.
polite adj. “礼貌的” 常用短语：be polite to sb. “对某人有礼貌”
反义词：impolite “无礼的”1. litter 【u】 “垃圾，杂物”
v. “乱扔”
2. run v. 1）“流动”如：The water is running. 水在流动。
2）“跑；（车辆、机器）开动”等。
含 run 短语：run across 碰到 run after 追赶 run away 逃跑
run out of 从...跑出来 run to 请求帮助 run into 撞上
3. pick v. “采，摘”将花、叶、果等从树上取下。如：pick fruit
v. “挑选；选择”如：Pick the best one. 挑个最好的吧。
4. turn n. “轮流，（轮流的）顺序”
常用短语：in turn “依次，轮流”
take turns to do sth. =do sth. in turn “轮流做某事”
常用句型：It’s one’s turn to do sth. “轮到某人做某事”
v. “旋转，使转向；翻动（书页）；（使）变成等。
5. put back “把...放回原处”，后接名词，可放 back 前或后；接代词，必须放中间。
如：Please put your bike back.=Please put back your bike.1. proper adj. “符合习俗的；正确的”--->反义词：improper
properly adv. “适当地；正确地”
如：the proper way 正确的方式
2. greet v. “问候，打招呼”=say hello to,
常用短语：greet sb. with “以...方式跟某人打招呼”
greeting n. “问候；打招呼” 复数：greetings
3. shake v. “摇动；抖动；（使）颤动”，过去式-shook, 过去分词-shaken
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shake sb’s hand “与某人握手”=shake hands with sb.
4. close adj. “亲密的；严密的”表示关系或感情上“亲近”，比较级为 closer,closest.
如：close friends 亲密的朋友
adj. “靠近的；接近的”=near 常用短语：be close to “靠近...”
v. “关；停业” 如：close your eyes 闭上你的眼睛
5. avoid v. “避免”+n./pron./v.ing 作宾语
如：He avoided answering my questions. 他避而不答我的问题。
后接 v.ing 的动词：enjoy, suggest, keep, practise, finish, miss, mind
巧计接动名词形式的动词：喜欢按照建议一直（做）练习，直到完成，避免错过任何内容
引起老师介意。
6. public 集体名词 “民众，群体 ”
the public “公众，民众” in public “公开地，在别人面前”
adj. “公共的，公开的”
7. push v. “推，挤”
固定短语：push in “插队，加塞”=cut in
push 反义词 pull .“拉，拖”
8. excuse me “劳驾”用于礼貌的引起别人注意，常用于问路、请人让路、借东西、插话、中途
离开等情境。
如：Excuse me! Is this your pencil box ?
9. as well “也；还有”
如：I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
我要去伦敦，我妹妹也要去。
as well as“和；不但...而且”常用来连接两个并列成分。但 as well as 强调的是前一项，后一
项只是顺便提及，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项保持一致。
如：Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
不但你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。
10. loudly adv. “大声地”修饰动词或动词短语，给人以吵闹、不悦耳的感觉。如：Don’t talk so
loudly. 别这么大声讲话。
11. by accident “偶然，意外地”=by chance
accident n. “意外”，事先没预料到的意外，即“偶然发生的事”
如：I found the answer to the question by accident.
我偶然发现了这个问题的答案。1. discussion n. “讨论”既可数，也不可数。
固定结构：have a discussion with sb. about/on sth.“和某人讨论关于某事”
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discuss v. “讨论，谈论”
2. express v. “表达”
固定结构：express oneself “表达某人自己”
express sth. to sb. “向某人表达某事”
expression “表示；表达；表情”
3. enough 用法
1）“to be+adj. +enough to do sth.” “足够...而能做某事”
如：She is old enough to dress himself. 她足够大了，可以自己穿衣服了。
注：enough 前有否定词，既否定 enough,也否定其后的不定式。
如：He was not strong enough to do the work.
他不够强壮，不能做这项工作。
3）enough 既是 adj.也是 adv. 在句中位置是：名前形后（名词前，形容词后)
4. too ..to 用法
“to be +too+adj.+to do sth.”“太...而不能做某事”
如：The story is too difficult for me to understand.
这个故事太难，我理解不了。
注：too..to 结构中，to do 后的宾语是句中主语时，不定式后的宾语该省略；
如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则应在动词后加上适当介词。
如：The house is too small to live in.这房子太小，不能居住。
enough to ,too...to , so...that 之间的转换
如：He is not old enough to do the work.
= He is too young to do the work.
=He is so young that he can not do the work.1. explain v. “解释”
固定结构：explain sth. to sb.“向某人解释某事”不能用 explain sb. sth.
explain +疑问词+to do sth. “解释...做某事”
如：Can you explain why to do it like that?
2. keep sb. from sth.“不让某人做某事，使免受...”
如：Sunglasses can keep us from the sun.
keep sb. from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”
=stop/prevent sb. from doing sth.
keep sb. doing sth. “是某人一直做某事”
3. warn v. “警告，告诫”+n./pron. /that 从句
warning n. “警告；告诫”
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warn 常见用法：warn sb. about sth. “警告某人做某事”
warn sb.(not)to do sth. “警告某人（不要）做某事”
warn sb. that...“警告某人...”1.
sometime adv. “在某时”过去或将来的某个时候，有时可写成 some
time。
some time 副词短语，相当于 sometime；
名词短语，“一段时间”
sometimes 频度副词，“有时”
some times 名词短语，“几次；几倍”
2. risk v. “冒险做”+n./pron./v.ing
固定结构：risk doing sth. “冒险做某事”
n. “危险；风险”
3. practice n. “练习；训练；实践”既是可数名词，也是不可数名词。
practise v. “练习；实践”+n./pron./v.ing
practise doing sth. “练习做某事”1. purpose n. “目的”
the purpose of...“...的目的”
do sth.for...purposes “做某事是为了...”
2. above all “首要的是” in all “总共，合计”
at all “根本；丝毫” after all “毕竟；终究”
first of all “首先，开始”
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