牛津译林版八年级英语下册8BUnit3第6课时导学案+教案(无答案)

牛津译林版八年级英语下册 8B Unit 3 Grammar 2 导学案 【自学探究】 一、预习 P49—P51，在课本上划出下列词组和句子并翻译。 1. 被给了一根魔棒 2. 长到 6 英尺长 3. 被剪短 4. 正确地回答问题 5. 不正确地回答问题 6. 赢得比赛 7. 结束 8. 自由 9. 通过一级 10. 进入更高的级别 二、完成 P50，51 练习。 三、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1.The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 2.The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime. 3.Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 4.The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 5.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far． 6.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down． 7.Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 8.This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well. 9.Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 【教案】 教学内容 8B Unit 3 Grammar （2） 课型 新授课 教学目标 1． 熟悉并理解使用被动语态的语境； 2． 熟悉用来引出动作执行者的单词 by； 3． 补充一些其他时态的被动结构； 4． 说明被动语态使用过程中的一些特殊例子 教学重难点 通过表演把被动语态运用到交际中; 进一步掌握被动语态和正确使用被动语态。 教学方法 情景交际法、任务型教学法 教具准备 多媒体，投影仪 教学步骤 教师活动 学生活动 个性化补充 Step 1 Revision Get the students to review the structure of the passive voice, including the simple present tense and the simple past tense. Ask the students to make up their own sentences using the passive voice. Step 2 Presentation Explain that we can also use the passive voice when we want to mention the doer or agent who does something. Introduce the concept of ‘by’ which enables us to say the name of the doer. We can use ‘by’ to say who 通过复习让学生总 结被动语态的结 构 呈现 49 页例句让学 生自己总集引出动 作执行者的单词 by 的用法 熟练掌握被动语态 的结构 通过观察例句掌握 by 的用法 or what does the action. 1.Read through the sample sentences on page 47 and make them understand how to use ‘by’. 2.Tell the students to complete ‘Work out the rule!’ on their own. Ask a volunteer to read out the rule. Step 3 Practice Introduce the game to the students 1. Part B1 is a fun activity as students get involved in writing a story for an educational CD-ROM. Explain the context and ask the students to study the pictures carefully and the words below each one. 2. Ask the students to write out the sentences on their own. Then ask seven students to read out one sentence each. 3. Part B2 is a conversation about a computer game. Read the information about the CD-ROM and the conversation for general understanding. Complete the conversation on their own and paying attention to the use of the past or present form of the passive voice. 4. Check the answers. Step4: Conclusion Sometimes wisdom is more important than strength. Step5:Homework 1.Finish some exercises to pratise using passive voice. 2.Remember when we should use passive voice. 3.Retell the story according to the book by using passive voice. Step 6 Additional language points 1. In our book, we only learn the use of the past and present form of the passive voice, but there are some other forms of the passive voice we should know. 常见被动语态的动词形式(以 give 为 向学生介绍游戏背 景，激发他们的学 习兴趣 情感教育，智慧比力 量更重要 补充被动语态在在 不同时态中的运用， 让学生能熟练运用 被动语态 通过游戏进一步掌 握运用被动语态 用被动语态的各种 时态造句 例) 一般现在时 am(is／are)given 一般过去时 was(were)given 一般将来时 shall(will)be given 现在进行时 am(is／are)being given 过去进行时 was(were)being given 现在完成时 has(have)been given 作业设计 1. 背诵本课的单词与词组 2. 完成《同步导学》上本课时的作业 3. 预习 Integrated skills，完成预习作业 板书设计 8B Unit 3 Welcome to the unit 教学反思 【当堂巩固】 一、选择填空 ( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )3.Who _____ this book _____? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )4. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )5.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )6.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump 二、将下面的句子改为被动语态 1.People use metal for making machines. 2.We call the game “Lianliankan”. 3.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. 4.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? 5.They have sold out the light green dresses. 三、用被动语态翻译下面的句子 英语被许多人说。 昨天一辆新自行车被他买了。 我们的教室每天都被我们打扫。 足球在全世界都被人们踢吗？ 所有的花都被你妹妹浇过水了吗？ 【拓展知识】 语法： 及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 一、 被动语态的结构与用法： ㈠结构：be +done (过去分词) 被动语态中的 be 为助动词，无意义。be 可能是 am , is , are 也可能是 was ,were 或原形 be。 注：☆被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的，be 是什么时态，全句就是什么 时态，be 后面的过去分词不变。 ㈡用法：例：①Ｈistory is made by the people. (一般现在时)②Ｔhe cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时) ③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时) ④Ｔhe room must be kept clean. （含有情态动词的被动语态） ⑤The door is being opened. （现在进行时） ⑥The film has been seen by me. （现在完成时） 二、 主动语态改被动语态的方法： 方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语 ⑵动词改为变动形式 be done(同 时注意时态) ⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词 by 后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有 必要则省去 例：The man killed a tiger.→ A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意 时态和语态两个方面) 三． 特殊句型的被动语态： (以下为常见考点 ) ⑴含 有 使 役 动 词 （ make /let /have） 或 感 官 动 词 （ hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel 等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带 to 的动词不定 式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的 to 再加上去，另外 help 这一个 词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带 to,也可不带 to, 但在被动语态中也必 须把 to 加上去。 例：①Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. ②We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. We saw him running into the classroom. → He was seen running into the classroom. ⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell 等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语 和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接 宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词 to/for。 例：①She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. →I was given a pen by her. →A pen was given to me by her. ②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. →I was bought a new bike by my father. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. ⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不 能丢掉。 例：①We should speak to old people politely. →Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). ⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。(宾补放在原来位置不变) 例：①We call him Xiao Ma. 主 谓 宾 宾补 →He is called Xiao Ma by us. ②He found the book very interesting. →The book was found very interesting by him. 三． 没有被动语态的动词： 1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit 等没有 被动形式，另外，诸如 happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等 不及物动词或短语以及诸如 result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of 等只用主动语 态，而不用被动语态 2. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die, disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread(传播), stand, come true, fall asleep, ... 3.大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) taste(尝起来)等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。 例：①The skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 ②Many changes have happened in our hometown. ③The film lasted for 3 hours.