高一英语期终复习 Unit 4 重点与难点
一、词与词组
1、sight, view, scene, scenery
这组名词其基本含义都有“景色”之意，但也有其侧重点。
sight 侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景
物或奇特的景色。
[e.g.]
When you come to Shanghai, I’d like to take you to see the sights of the cit
y.
The Great Wall is considered as the only one of the sights which can be seen
in space.
view，普通和词，多指从远处或高处或从一个点所见的景色。
[e.g.]
An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.
飞机为你提供非凡的，令人惊诧不已的地球景色。（句中的 view 既有凝视的动
作含义，又有风景的状态含义）
There’s a fine view of the lake from our hotel window. 从我们旅馆的窗口可
以看到湖的美丽风光。
scene，指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。
scenery，指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景，为不可数名词。
[e.g.]
What a fantastic mountain scene!
The boats in the river made a special scene when all the fishermen came back
from the sea.
The mountain scenery is magnificent.
2、survive, survive in the accident, survive the accident
survive 意为“经过事故、战争或者疾病继续生存下”，可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动
词。
[e.g.]
Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived.
Only two passengers survived the air-crash.
Many people who survived in the earthquake still feel frightened when they tal
k about it now.
3. emerge 的用法（注意它后面的介词）
emerge 一般用作 vi.，所以它后面必须和介词 from 搭配。
[e.g.]
The moon emerged from behind a cloud.
With the moon emerging from behind the clouds, the sky appeared more beaut
iful.
Nothing emerged from the top talks. 高级会谈没有结果。
4、except, besides, except for, except that/when/where…
这组词用来表达“除……”的时候必须十分小心，千万不要混淆了。
except 作介词时，表示“除了……没有”或“除了……均……”，表示“减”
的意思，所以它总是和“all”、“no”等词连用。
[e.g.]
We go there every day except Sunday.
They all went to sleep except the young Frenchman.
Nobody likes the film except our monitor.
besides 可作介词，表示“除了……外还有”，有“加”的意思，因此在有 b
esides 的句子中经常会找到“other”这个字眼。
[e.g.]
Besides English, we learn some other subjects like maths, chemistry and physic
s.
He had other people to take care of besides me.
except for 介词短语，意为“除了……”，强调“肯定总体，否定局部”，
它所涉及到的前后两个名次一般不属于同一范畴。
[e.g.]
The composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.（经典例句）
The boy was unhurt except for some scratches.
The house is still in good condition except for the floor.
My father is in good health except for the fact that he sometimes suffers from
stomach disorders.
except that/when/where 后面均接从句，意为“除了……”。
[e.g.]
I like her except when she is angry.
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
他除了抽烟抽得太凶太多之外,沒有什么特別的毛病。
We searched every corner of the town except where he lived.
5、occur 的用法
这个词是考试的热点，除了考意思之外，还考它的拼写（过去式、过去分词
和现在分词必须双写 r）。
用法一：“发生”。掌握两点：（1）不及物，不能用被动；（2）不能用地
点、时间作主语。happen, take place, break out 也有这样的用法规定。
[e.g.]
Many students were having lessons in the afternoon when the great earthquake
occurred.
Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.
（错句）Sichuan occurred a terrible earthquake.
用法二：词组 occur to 解释为“想到”，注意下面二、三、四例句中形式主
语的用法。
[e.g.]
A brilliant idea occurred to me. 我想到一个极好的主意。
It occurred to me to visit my teacher. 我想到要去看看我的老师。
It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.
我怎么也沒有想到他会遇上麻烦。
It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.
他沒有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。
另外，表示“想到”的表达法还有：
[e.g.]
I thought of a fresh idea at that moment.
A fresh idea came to my mind at that moment.
A fresh idea struck me at that moment.
A fresh idea flashed through my mind at that moment.
6、disturb, bother 的区别
bother 与 disturb 都有打扰的意思，二者区别在于： bother 是从心理上让人
感到烦躁，disturb 是使…中断。比如写信的时候，可以这样开头：“Sorry to bot
her you…”
[e.g.]
I can’t bother him with my little affairs.
The problem has been bothering me for weeks.
别人在做一件事的时候，如果你要打断，就必须用 disturb，比如酒店门上“D
on't disturb”（勿扰）.
[e.g.]
They were charged with disturbing the public peace. 他们被指控扰乱公共治
安。
They took the phone off the hook so no calls would disturb them.
他们摘下电话听筒，以免电话打扰他们。
二、句型
1、Surviving winter in them, the spiders emerge healthy and hungry when
spring comes.
本句中 healthy and hungry when spring comes 为形容词短语作伴随状语，
意为“熬过了寒冬，当春天来临的时候，蜘蛛们出来了，健健康康的，但又饥肠
辘辘。”
[e.g.]
Seeing the footprints, Crusoe ran back home as fast as possible, full of fear.
看见脚印，Crusoe 尽快地跑回家，心里充满恐惧。
In spring, having awakened, they leave their dens, thin and hungry. 在春天醒
来之后，他们离开巢穴，又瘦又饿。
Finally they came back, safe and sound.
有时候也可以是一个过去分词作伴随状语。
[e.g.]
My father left the village, disappointed. 父亲离开了村庄，很失望。
After a whole day’s journey, the climbers came to the top of the mountain, ex
cited and tired.
2、rarely 解释为“很少，难得”时，如放在句首，句子需倒装。同样的词（组）
还有 seldom, hardly, little, never, under no circumstances（无论如何都不）, by
no rate（决没有）等。
[e.g.]
Rarely do fishermen see sharks off the coast. 渔夫很少在近海看到鲨鱼。
Hardly can I understand what the teacher says in class simply because she sp
eaks dialect.
Little do I know about it.
Under no circumstances can we students leave our school without permission
during school hours.
3、as though/as if 似乎；好像
这个连词的用法有些特别之处，而且还涉及到相应的从句中的语气问题及
省略问题。
（一）在 look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。
[e.g.]
It looks as if she’s gone away for a few days. 好像她已出去好几天了。
It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是个万事通。
as though/as if 从句中也可以用过去时表示事实上并非这样。
（二）引导方式状语从句。
[e.g.]
He behaves as if he had no common sense. 他的言行就好像没有常识似的。
He looked at me as though I were mad. 他那样看着我，好像我是个疯子。
（三）as if 从句的语气及时态。
（1）as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有
可能发生或存在的事实时。
[e.g.]
It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
（2）as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极
少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
（A）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
[e.g.]
You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似
的。
（B）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
[e.g.]
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以
前去过罗马似的。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone. 那女
孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。
（C）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原
形”。
[e.g.]
He opened his mouth as if he would say something． 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了。
（四）as if 还可用于省略句中。 如果 as if 引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结
构，可省略主语和系动词，这样 as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、
介词短语或分词。
[e.g.]
He acts as if（he was）a fool. 他做事像个傻子。
Tom raised his hands as if（he was going）to say something. 汤姆举起手好像
要说什么。
She left the room hurriedly as if（she was）angry. 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的
样子。
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