高考英语短文改错分类1动词部分答案

1 1 全国高考英语改错训练 1---动词 一．主谓一致问题。 1.Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. Was-Were For country life,as we all know,life is peaceful and the environment is beautiful,which is both good for your health. Is--are 2.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. Give- gives 3.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. Are hung 4.But then there is always more mysteries to look into. Is-- are 5. But not all information are good to society. Are-is 6. So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music.cost-- costs 7. If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. Are-is 8.you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors’ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection.exists 9. One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. Were 10.The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. mean—means trusting—trust 11. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. trying—try 12.We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. sat—sit 13.Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. is—are 14.What I liked best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room. Were-was 15.Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study and the findings will be Used as materials for our research. are—is 16.Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. are--is 17.. What were better, I had useful help. were--was 18.After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. hear-hearing is--are 二．固定搭配 1.I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time， but now I am interested in football. use-used 2.I was used to watch it every night. Watch--watching 3.I don’t want give in my favorite. Give-to give 4.Being admitted by Peking University is a new start for you,which will bring .you a good chance to learn of top professors . of-from 6..when I arrived my dormitory, I couldn't find my book. Arrive 后加 in 7.I gave to him four dollars.to 去掉 三．Be 动词误用 1. As we were all left home at an early age. 2. Because of so much viewing， children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. 3. There will an important game next month. 4. What your favorite sport？ What 后加 is 5.They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. are eager 6. I‘d like to your pen-friend， and get to know more about your country. to be 7. It was turned out to be her own cup, that she’d left on the shelf by mistake. 去掉 8.So really friendship should able to stand all sort s of tests. should+be 2 2 9.Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain! 10.The commanding officer, Wayne Tyler, who directly responsible for the study of all such reports, decided to making his findings known. who+was/is 四.语态 1.Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. Seeing-seen 2.Books may be keep for four weeks.keep- kept 3.…and let you know when the book you want has returned. Has +been 4.. He insisted on sending to work in Tibet. Being sent 5. In some countries, tea is serving with milk and sugar. Serving-served 6. This film will is shown this evening. Is-be 7. Many trees have planted every year. Been+planted 8. The piece of cloth is felt smooth.去掉 9.Great changes have been taken place in my hometown since 1980。去掉 10.Carelessness in driving may be cost you your life.去掉 11.The findings will be use as materials for our research. use--used 五．时态误用 1.I’ll call on you as soon as I will arrive. 去掉 will 2.I’ll never forget the days which I spend with my friends in New York. spend-spent 3. On arriving home, she found she left her bag at her friend’s. Left--Had left 4. He lied down by the side of the path to rest.lie-- lay 5.As soon as his parents will arrive, we’ll leave. 去掉 6.Last Sunday we have a good time, talking and laughing together. Have-had 7.It is four years since she has left. 去掉 8.In the past three years, she had visited the country twice. Had-has 9.We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop working. Stop - stopped 六．语气 1.It is high time you leave for Shanghai. Should leave/left 2. She suggests that her brother not goes to college.goes- go 3. The judge insisted that the spy was put in prison. Was-be 4. How I wish I am as strong as you. Am-were 5. It is necessary that the patient is sent to hospital right away. Is-Be 6. If he hadn’t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now. Will-would 7. If I am you, I would give him a good beating. Am-were 8.It is high time we prevent drunk driving 备注：should 不能省 9.My teacher suggested that I recited the essay. Recited-recite 10.But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. Waited --Had waited 七拼写(写作） 1.When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “That's it. No more toys to you.” tear--tore 2.Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. drank--drunk However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we flied back last Saturday afternoon. flied--flew 3. I hold my lunchbox in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good. 3 3 hold—held 4.. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. feel--felt 5.. It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I begun to understand why Christine dressed the way she did. begun—began 八．.双谓语 Drunk driving causes many people lose their lives. Lose-to lose 九． 非谓语 1.Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you. 2. He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looked rather pleased. Looked--looking3.Will you get your bicycle repair? Repair--repaired 4. I have been made stand at the gate of our classroom. Stand 前加 to 5.Read such a book in English without a dictionary is difficult for me. Read--reading 6. Compare to what it is now, it was a small place then. Compare--compared 7.He went into the room but left us wait outside. waiting 8. The question is puzzled. puzzling 9. Seeing from the hill, the city looks very beautiful. Seeing--seen 10. She devoted every effort to help the disabled people. Help--helping 11.Paul doesn’t have to be made learn . He always works hard. 前加 to 12.The novel writing by the young novelist is being printed at the printing house. Writing--written 13.We’re looking forward to visit the photo exhibition. visiting 14.When we saw so many teachers sitting in our classroom , our hearts couldn’t help beating fast. Sitting--seated 15.I’d like to your pen friend. Your 前加 be 16.I hope all of you to pass the examination. 去掉 to （hope sb to do 是错误的） 17.Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. asking--asked 18. Another two girls sat on the red belt tying to either end of a steel bar on his shoulder. Tying-tied 十.个别动词的区分 1.Hope you good health and much happiness every day! Hope--Wish 2.I am writing to provide my sincere congratulations on your graduation from senior high school and enrollment by the Peking University. offer Receive/accept borrow/lend 4 4 的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以 及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。 ◆切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们要特别注意一词 多义现象。 ◆ 动词的种类分类总表：(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.) 情 态 动 词 1 只作情态动词使用 can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 请你 参考 复习 以前 发放 的资 料 2 可作情态动词，也可作实义动词 need/ dare 3 可作情态动词，也可作助动词 shall/ should/ will/ would 4 勉强可作情态动词 have to/ had better/ used to 助 动 词 1 be 形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being 同时是实义和系动词 2 do 形式变化：does/ did 同时是实义动词 3 have 形式变化：has/ had/ having 同时是实义动词 4 shall 形式变化：should 同时是情态动词 5 will 形式变化：would 同时是情态动词 系 动 词 1 状态系动词 be 特别说明： 这里列举的所有系动 词 本 身 都 是 实 义 动 词。但它们表示的意 2 表像系动词 look / appear/ seem 3 感官系动词 feel / smell/ sound/ taste 思不同。请注意结合 句意去理解判断。 4 持续系动词 keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay 5 变化系动词 become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run 6 终止系动词 prove/ turn out 实 义 动 词 1 不及物动词（vi） 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。 vi 后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。 有不少的动词既是及物 动词又是不及物动词。 区别在于它所表示的含 义有所不同。 第 2 页有 更多 内容及物动词 （vt） 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。 vt 后面可以直接跟宾语。 2 静 态 动 词 静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。 A. 表示存在、从属意义的动词。 如：be（“是”）、have（“有”）、own, exist, live, belong to B. 与五官感觉有关的动词 如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell…及 watch, notice, observe, find, catch C. 表示心理状态或情感状态的动词 believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand; want; wish…… D. 接度量衡名词的动词 (+数词+单位) (这些动词的主语通常是物) weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat… 动 态 动 词 动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。 A 延续性动词：表示行为或过程能持久 地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。 eat， listen， read， run， walk，work， write…… 第 3 页 有 更 多 相 关 内 容. B 终止性动词：表示行为或过程是 短暂的或瞬时间完成结束。 arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump…… C 表示状态改变或位置转移的动词. arrive，change，come，die，go，land（着陆），leave… 3 使役 A.表示“使、令、让、叫…”等意义的动词. 如: make, have, let, get, keep… 第 4 页有 5 5 动词 更多相关 内容. B.表示“使人……，令人……”的心理状态的动词。如： interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise……(+ sb.) 4 表示动作的动词 表示状态的动词 表示结果的动词 ①put on / wear/ be on; ②look at/ see; ③look for/ find; ④listen to/ hear;⑤study/learn; ⑥try to do/ manage to do ⑦prepare for/ be prepared for, ⑧advise/ persuade 等。 请大家注 意积累. 5 A 谓语动词 在句子中作谓语的动词。 注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。 B 非 谓 语 动 词 在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。 变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。 A 不定式 to do 形式变化：to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to do B 动名词 doing 形式变化：not doing 今 后 有 专 题 复 习 有 关 内容. C 现在分词 doing 形式变化：having done/ having been done/ not doing not having done/ not having been done D 过去分词 done 形式变化：not done ◆相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容） 及 物 动 词 与 不 vi 用法 （1） 主语+ vi (+状语) ( 不 及 物 动 词 ):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand….. (不及物动词短语): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, ……. 及 物 动 词 vi 用法 （2） 主语 +vi+介 词+宾语 aim + at look +at stare +at stay +at glance + at laugh + at contact +with sb deal + with disagree + with end + in/up with wait +for depend + on operate +on rely + on insist + on doing live +in/on belong + to sb come + to sb go + to happen +to sb lie + to/in listen + to object +to occur +to refer +to relate +to reply +to return +to stick +to sth graduate + from suffer +from fail + in succeed +in doing fall +off/ onto struggle + for/ against vote +for/ against care + for/about apologize + to sb for doing argue + about sth with sb die +in/ from/ of/ talk +about sth/ to sb think +of/ about/ over compete + in sth with sb agree + to/ with / on work +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at (要熟记它们的搭配。) vt 与 vi 近 义 词 对 listen to sb sound like sth hear sb arrive in/at get to reach belong to sb own sth possess sth lie in + be situated in + be located in + contact with sb touch sb talk tell work for sb serve sb reply to answer appear show sth to sb rise / go up / increase raise sit seat sb look at see/ watch 6 6 比 succeed in doing manage sth/ to do break in break into go out turn off look for find give in give up agree with sb promise sb A 既可以用作及物又 可以用作不及物的 动词，其意义不变。 如: begin "开始"。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类 似 的 还 有 ： start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... B 既 可 以 用 作 及 物 又 可 以 用 作 不 及 物 的 动词，其意 义 完 全 不 同。 如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长/ vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 发出（气味）/ vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话 speak vi. 讲话/ vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术/ vt. 操作 run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 经营 C 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允许 allow for 考虑到…… 感 官 动 词 ◆ 感官动词 hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to 的 用法归纳总结: (感官动词+ sb. do/ doing // sth done)。 1．后接不带 to 的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作 When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 2．后接 V-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作。 Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3．后接 V-ed 形式表示被动意义。 After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 试比较（注意理解）: １）I heard him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。 ２）I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。 ３）I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。） 延 续 注: “→”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词); “→”右边的是延续性动词 更 多 的 终 止 性 动 词 ( 瞬 间 动 词 ): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize. 7 7 性 动 词 与 终 止 性 动 词 的 对 比 borrow→keep buy→have become→be put on→ wear move to→live in recognize→know catch a cold→have a cold get to know→know open sth→keep sth open leave→be away from begin/start→be on die→ be dead finish→be over return→be back join→be in + 组织机构 / →be a member of + 组织机构 come here→be here go there→be there come back→be back fall asleep→be asleep get to/arrive/reach→be (in) go (get) out →be out fall ill→be ill get up→be up ◆ 在有表示时间的场合，要注意根据句子或上下文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词 该使用延续性动词还是终止性动词。 1. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时 间的“点时间”状语连用。但: come/ begin/ get + to + 延续 性动词可表示一瞬间的动作。 (“点时间”指具体某一时间点;“段时 间”指某一时间内.) It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误) 因为 rain 为延续性动词，而 at eight 表示"点时间"，前后矛盾。 It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正) ----When did you get to know Jack? ----Two years ago. ----Then you've known each other for more than two years. ----That's right. 2. 终止性动词可以用于 when 引导的时间状语从 句中，但不可以用于 while 引导的时间状语从 句中。when 表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语 动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓 语动词用延续性动词)。而 while 表示的是一个 较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词一般只能用 延续性动词。 When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach 为终止性动词; when 不可用 while 替换.) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away 为延续性动词短语) I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 3. 终止性动词的完成时态，表示动作的完成 并产生了影响与结果。但一般不能与表示 延续的时间段短语“for…”或“since…”以 及“How long …”连用，终止性动词否定 式除外。 He has joined the League. 他已经入团。 →He has been a League member for three years. →He has been in the League for three years. The old man died 4 years ago. →The old man has been dead for 4 years. →It is 4 years since the old man died. →Four years has passed since the old man died. I bought the book 5 days ago. →I have had the book for 5 days. 4.注意句型(1): “It is ＋一段时间＋since 从句(+ 终止性 动词的过去时)” “一段时间＋has passed＋since 从句( + 终止性动词的过去时)”: 句子的含义是: “自从…起, 有……(多长的 时间)”。 如果在 since 从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词 的现在完成时，那么与其一般过去时的含义就 完全相反了。 注意比较理解: I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以来一直在学校里。 I have been at school since I was ill. 我病愈以来一直在学校里。 It′s 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生戒烟已有四年了 It is four months since my elder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英国已有四个月了。 More than three years has passed since Mary came to China. 玛丽来中国已有三年多了 8 8 5. 注意句型(2): “not + 终止性动词 + until/till ...” 意为 “直到……才……”。 “延续性动词 + until /till…” 表示：“…一直延续到….” I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡 觉。 I won’t leave till my parents come back. 我将呆在 家里直到我父母回来。言外之意是，我父母不回来，我 就一直呆在家里，我父母回来后我就离开家。 I didn’t receive the notice until last evening. 直到 昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨天晚上前我一 直没有接到通知。 We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening. 我们昨 天晚上一直工作到 11 点。 高 考 中 常 见 使 役 动 词 的 用 法 与 搭 1. make make sb. do sth 使/让/逼某人做某事; (被动形式)→sb. be made to do make sth done 使/让某事得以…… make sb. adj 使某人处于…的状态 make sb sth 使/让某人成为… She will make a good wife. 她会成为一个好 妻子。 make oneself done 使某人的…为他人所… (make oneself heard/ understood) 2. have have sb do sth 使/让/请某人做某事. have sb doing. 使/让某人一直做某事 have sth done 请/让某人做某事; 招致或遭遇到(不好的事情) have sb adj. 使/让/某人处于…的状态 It had the salesmen busy around. 3. let let sb do sth 让/允许某人做某事 let sb+介词短语 让某人处于…的状态 4. keep keep sb doing sth 使/让某人一直做某事 keep sb/sth +介词短语. 让某人或某物处于…的状态 5. get get sb to do sth 请/让某人做某事 Would you please get them to bring down the price? get sth done. 请/让某人做某事 I’ll get my hair cut. get sb doing. 请/让某人一直做某事 The joke got us laughing. 配 6. leave leave sb (to) do sth 让某人做/干某事 We’ll leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb doing sth 让某人继续处于某种状态 Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. leave sth done 让某事保持…的状态 The workers left the rest of the work untouched.工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。 7. cause cause sb to do sth 使得/促使/引起某人做某事 What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辞职的? 8. lead lead sb to do sth. 使得/引导某人做某事 What led you to think so? lead sb in doing sth 领导某人/带领某人干某事. The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up. 9. force force sb to do sth 迫使/ 强迫某人做某事 The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器 10. drive drive sb+adj 使/逼迫某人变成…的状态 The loud noise have driven us mad. drive sb to do sth 迫使/逼迫某人做某事 He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承 认。 drive sb+介词短语 迫使/逼迫某人进入…的境地 The men drove the young man to the wall. 这几个人把这青年人逼得走投无路. 11. oblige oblige sb to do sth 使某人(按法律、条约、合约等要求)而必须做某事。 The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 这一丑闻迫使部长辞职。 9 9 12. send send sb doing sth 使某人进入(特定状态); (迫)使某人处于…的状态 The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space. send sb+ 介 词 短 语 ( 迫 ) 使 某 人 进 入 … 的 状 态 The failure sent him into discouragement. send sb to do sth 派某人干某事 13. set set sb to do sth 使某人开始或着手做某事 set sb doing sth 使某人开始或着手做 某事 They set him to mow the lawn. 他们叫他给草坪刈草. Her words set me thinking. 她的话使我深思。 set + sb./ sth + adj 使…处于(…的状态) She set the caged bird free. 14. place place sb in/into… 使某人处于……地位/位置 The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position. 15. put put sb in/into 使某人处于……地位/位置 (用法同 place.) 16. bring bring sb/sth+介词短语 使某人或某物处于…的状态 bring sb. back to life. 使某人起死回生 bring …under control. 使…处于控制 之下 The joke brought the class into laughter. 17. land land sb in… 使某人在……(地方)着陆 I’ll land you safe in Liverpool. 18. cost cost sb sth. 使人遭到……损失；使人赔了……本 The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years. 这次比赛失败使我们丢失了保持已 10 年之久的冠军宝座。 19.具有使役意义, 表示“使人……，令人……”的心理状态的动词。如： interest sb in…(使某人对…感兴趣) excite sb (使某人激动)…astonish sb…(使某人震惊) move, amuse, surprise, terrify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify… ◆上述 V-ed/ V-ing 的用法区别: 如: The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. hope 和 wish 的用法 一、相同之处 1.都可接不定式作宾语。 We wish to see the film. 我们都希望看那部电影。 The children hope to do something for the old man.这些孩子希望为这位老人做些事情。 2.都能以某些代词作宾语。 That's what you have wished 那就是你所希望的。 You can't hope much from such people. 对于这样的人，我们的希望不能过多 10 10 3.都能与介词 for 连用，后接名词或某些不定代词，表示"希望得到""祈求"。 Do you hope for peace?你希望和平吗？ Do you wish for anything better?你希望得到更好的东西吗？ 4.都可与过去过完成时连用，表示本来想做而没做成。 I had hoped to come here, but I couldn't.我本来希望来这里，但没能做到。 He had wished to finish it on time, but he didn't. 他希望按时完成这件事，但没有。 5.都用于 It is / was to be…that 的句型中。 It is to be hoped that she will get full marks in English. 希望她会在英语考试中得到满分。 It is to be wished that the problem will soon be solved. 希望这个问题很快会得到解决。 二、不同之处 1. wish 作为及物动词，可接名词或代词作宾语，hope 则不能。 Do you wish a pen or a book? 你要的是钢笔还是书？ 2. wish 能接双宾语表示祝愿，hope 则不能。 I wish you success. 我祝你成功。 3. wish 能接复合宾语，hope 则不能。 I wish you to go with me. 我希望你同我一道去。 4. wish 和 hope 都能接 that 引导的从句，但 wish 后的从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气（动词 用过去时，或过去完成时），hope 则用所需要的时态。 I hope that he will win the game. 我希望他会赢得这场比赛。 I wish that I knew the answer. 我希望我知道这个答案。 I wish I had bought it yesterday. 我希望昨天买了它。 5. hope 可与 so 或 not 连用，分别代替一个具有肯定和否定意义的宾语从句，以免重复，wish 则不能。 -Will it be fine tomorrow? -I hope so. -Will it rain tomorrow? -I hope not. 三、wish, hope 都可作名词，可数或不可数均可，wish 表示"愿望""心愿""祝愿"，hope 表示" 希望"。 1. My wish is to become a doctor.我的愿望是当一名医生 2. It is said that they have realized their wishes. 据说他们已实现了他们的愿望。 3. I have no (not much) wish to see him.我并不（不大）想见他 4. Send him my best wishes.请代我向他致意。 11 11 5. Where there is life there is hope.有生命就有希望 6. There is a hope of success.有成功的希望。 7. He has some hope (s) of success.他有成功的希望。 补充 1. It is the first time that he talked with his father face to face. talked→ has talked 在 It is the firs/ second/ third time that sb. have/has done sth (某人第几次做某 事)句型中，that 后面的谓语动词用现在完成时。 2. The vase isn’t belong to him. isn’t →doesn’t 3. She insisted that she organized the trip on her own. organized →organize 因 insist 表示“坚持要求”时，其后 that 从句的谓语用 “(should) do sth”。 4. In the last twenty years, great changes have been taken place in our country. 去掉 have 后的 been 5. As time go by, online shopping is becoming more and more popular. go→ goes 主语是 time，为第三人称单数，谓语动词 go 也用第三人称单数 goes。 6. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 在 dreamed 前加上 have 7. Hardly I sat down when I heard the shocking news. 在 I 前加 had 因 hardly had sb. done… when sb. did.(刚……就……)是固定句型。 8. The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973. 9. In the last few years, thousands of films have produced all over the world. 在 have 后加 been 因 in the last few years 常与现在完成时连用，而 films 与 produce 是被动关 系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。 10. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they received from China. 11. The old man is happy because he is well taken care. 在 care 后加 of 因 take care of 才能表达“照顾”之意，注意，这类含介词的短语在被动语态中 不要漏掉后面的介词。 12. The new teaching building was builded last year. builded→ built 因为 build 的过去分词是 built，不规则变化。 12 12 全国高考英语改错训练 2---名词 三、模拟 单句演练 （1） I want to know how long the book can be keep. （2） Don‘t worry. Your child is well looking after here. （3） All the invitations must sent out today. （4） You are an expert on this. You might invited to speak at the meeting. （5） The public have a right to know what in the report. （6） What the English for this？ Can anyone tell me？ （7） He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer. （8） He is a nice girl. You‘re certain to happy with her. （9） I use to play tennis a lot but I don‘t play very often now. （10） He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be. （11） It was very cold. The snow lied thick on the ground. （12） There will have an English film in the school hall tonight. （13） After that， the boy decided not to a sailor. （14） After supper， my father would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers. （15） Hear to me carefully. What I‘m saying is very important. 「参考答案」 （1） keep 改为 kept，根据句意，此处应用被动语态。 （2） looking 改为 looked，根据句意，此处应用被动语态。 （3） sent 前加 be，根据句意，此处应用被动语态。 （4） invited 前加 be，根据句意，此处应用被动语态。 （5） what 后加 is 或 将 what 改为 what‘s，因此句缺谓语动词。 （6） What 后加 is 或 将 What 改为 What‘s，因此句缺谓语动词。 （7） to 后加 be 或 be come，其意为“成为”。 （8） to 后加 be，happy 用作 to be 的表语。 （9） use 改为 used，used to 意为“过去经常”。 （10） 去掉 was，used to 表示今昔对比，be used to 表示“习惯于”。 （11） lied 改为 lay，lie 表示“说谎”时，是规则动词；表示“躺”、“保持”等，是不及物规 则动词，其过去式和过去分词为 lay， lain. （12） have 改为 be，为 there be 的将来时态。 （13） to 后加 be / become，否则意思不完整。 （14） see 改为 read，“看报”习惯上用动词 read. （15） Hear 改为 Listen.listen to 表示注意听，侧重过程；hear 表示听见，侧重结果 七彩教育网 http://www.7caiedu.cn 七彩教育网 全国最新初中、高中试卷、课件、教案免 13 13 费下载 本资料来源于《七彩教育网》http://www.7caiedu.cn 高考英语短文改错考点解析：动 词 一、动词考点规律分析 动词考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点，它包 括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。 二、真 题单句归纳 （1） He lied down by the side of the path to rest. （lied 改为 lay，lie 表示“躺” 时，其过去时是 lay）（全国卷） （2） Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. （seeing 改为 seen，因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态） （全国卷） （3） Books may be keep for four weeks. （keep 改为 kept，因此处要用被动语态） （全国卷） （4） …and let you know when the book you want has returned. （returned 之前加 been，因从句意上看，此处要 用被动语态） （全国卷） （5） Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. （go 改为 come，由 句意可知） （全国卷） （6） They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. （eager 前加 were，因此处缺谓语动词）（全国卷） （7） I„d like to your pen-friend， and get to know more about your country. （to 后加 be / become，因 would like 后要接不定式， 根据句意此处应加 be / become） （全国卷） （8） What your favourite sport？ （what 后加 is 或将 What 改为 What„s，此句缺谓语）（全国卷） （9） I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time， but now I am interested in football. （use to 改为 used to，此为习语，意为“过去经常”） （全国卷） （10） I was used to watch it every night. （去掉 was，因 used to do sth 是固定表 达，意为“过去常常做……”）（全国卷） （11） There will an important game next month. （will 后加 be，此处缺谓语动词） （安徽春季卷） 七彩教育网 http://www.7caiedu.cn 七彩教 育网 全国最新初中、高中试卷、课件、教案免费下载 （12）Because of so much viewing，children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. （去掉 be，因它与其后 的动词 develop 相冲突） （北京春季卷） （13） I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. （去掉 should，因 put 和 followed 是平行结构，作并列谓语） （全国卷） （14） As we were all left home at an early age. （去掉 were，因句中已有谓语动词 left，“我们 离开家”又是主动，不能再加 be） （天津卷） （15） I often dream of a teacher. （a teacher 前 加上 being 或 becoming.根据后文的内容看来，作者不是梦见老师，而是自己梦想“成为”一名 教师） （年湖北卷） （16） Without enough knowledges， you can never learn well.（learn 改为 teach，因上句讲“为了教好，教师不得不学”，此句便是“没有学问，就决不会教好”）（年 湖北卷） 三、模拟单句演练 （1） I want to know how long the book can be keep. （2） Don „t worry. Your child is well looking after here. （3） All the invitations must sent out today. （4） You are an expert on this. You might invited to speak at the meeting. （5） The public have a right to know what in the report. （6） What the English for this？ Can anyone tell me？ （7） He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer. （8） He is a nice girl. You„re certain to happy with her. （9） I use to play tennis a lot but I don„t play very often now. （10） He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be. （11） It was very cold. The snow lied thick on the ground. （12） There will have an English film in the school hall tonight. （13）After that，the boy decided not to a sailor. （14）After supper， my father would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers. （15） Hear to me carefully. What I„m saying is very important. 「参考答案」 （1） keep 改为 kept，根据句意， 此处应用被动语态。 七彩教育网 http://www.7caiedu.cn 七彩教育网 全国最新初中、高中试 卷、课件、教案免费下载 （2） looking 改为 looked，根据句意，此处应用被动语态。（3） sent 前加 be，根据句意，此处应用被动语态。 （4） invited 前加 be，根据句意，此处应用被动语 态。 （5） what 后加 is 或 将 what 改为 what„s，因此句缺谓语动词。 （6） What 后加 is 或 将 What 改为 What„s，因此句缺谓语动词。 （7） to 后加 be 或 be come，其意为“成为”。 （8） to 后加 be，happy 用作 to be 的表语。 （9） use 改为 used，used to 意为“过去经 常”。 （10） 去掉 was，used to 表示今昔对比，be used to 表示“习惯于”。 （11） lied 改为 lay，lie 表示“说谎”时，是规则动词；表示“躺”、“保持”等，是不及物规则动词，其 过去式和过去分词为 lay， lain. （12） have 改为 be，为 there be 的将来时态。 （13） to 后加 be / become，否则意思不完整。（14） see 改为 read，“看报”习惯上用动词 read. （15） Hear 改为 Listen.listen to 表示注意听，侧重过程；hear 表示听见，侧重结果 单句改错分项训练 专题分析 一、考纲考点 《英语考试说明》中第 II 节《考试内容和形式》中对短文改错题型做了如下描述：“本题给出 一篇约 100 个单词的短文，其中 10 行每行右边标有题号，要求考生判断是否有错，如有错将其 改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。”由此可以看出，短文改错题是知识和能力的综 合性试题，覆盖面广，设题灵活；它不仅能准确地测试学生的语言知识水平，而且能客观的反映 学生综合运用语言的能力；它不仅要求学生系统掌握所学的语法、词汇知识，而且要求学生具有 一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理的能力。 综观历年高考题，其考查目的在于测试考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力。文章多采用 记叙文文体，偶尔也有说明文。 下表是近十年短文改错题的错误分布情况。 14 14 年份 错 题 数 错 误 分 布 固 定 词组 冠词 名词 形容词、 副词 代词 介词 连词（复 合句） 动词（含时态、语态、 情态、非谓语 1996 ９ １ １ １ １ １ ２ ０ ２ 1997 ９ ０ ０ １ ２ ０ １ １ ４ 1998 ９ ０ １ ２ ０ １ ２ ０ ３ 1999 ９ ０ ０ １ ２ ２ １ ０ ３ 2000 ９ １ ０ １ １ １ ０ ３ ２ 2001 ９ １ １ ２ ０ ０ １ ２ ２ 2002 ９ ０ １ １ １ １ １ ２ ２ 2003 9 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 3 2004 9 1 0 1 1 0 2 3 1 2005 9 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 2006 9 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 3 合计 99 7 6 12 12 11 10 13 28 从以上表格中我们不难发现短文改错题有以下特点： 1、 文中的错误大多为考生在英语学习和运用中常犯的错误。如：名词、代词、冠词、固定词 组、形容词及副词、介词、连词及复合句、动词等。 2、其中动词所占比例最大。包含动词的时态、语态、情态及非谓语动词等。其次考查的重点 为连词（复合句）、名词、形容词副词、代词及介词。 3、综合性强，涵盖知识面广，对考生知识的领会、运用、分析、综合等能力进行全面系统的 考查。 4、行文中的逻辑错误常常出现在连词、副词及代词等。 5、从 1996 年开始短文改错题不设单词拼写错误。 6、试题总数不变，仍为 10。短文改错题的设错类型共四种：此行缺一词、此行多一词、此行 错一词、此行无错误。错一词、缺一词、多一词和正确的比例为 6：2：1：1， 6：1：2：1 或 5： 2：2：1。2004 设题的比例与往年略有不同，错一词、缺一词、多一词和正确的比例为 7：1：1： 1。 二、复习指导 （一）备考指导 根据对近年高考阅读篇章特点的分析和新课程标准的要求，建议同学们在备考高考短文改错 时，应该从以下几个方面入手： 1、平时注意培养发现、判断文章中错误的能力 建议考生平时要加大地道英语文章的输入量，扩大和加深它们在大脑中的存储。训练的方法 可以是考生多听、多读原文篇章，最好能背诵一些语言地道，与短文改错选文要求相似的百字短 文，形成"语感"。同时还建议考生在输入时进行有针对性的自我训练。如当考生阅读了一篇短文， "Yesterday evening, I went to see a film....", 考生可模拟短文改错题的错误类型对自己设问"如果在 yesterday evening 前加上介词 on 的话，表达不正确，要去掉 on"。这种办法可使考生多接触正面 的训练，避免造成记忆混乱，从根本上提高考生发现、判断文章中错误的能力。 2、平时加强语言基本功的训练。尤其是要培养和提高考生使用语言的准确性。 加强语言基本功的训练，就要注意英语词汇和语法的学习。要求考生准确掌握动词的时态、 语态、语气，名词的数，冠词的使用，介词搭配，形容词和副词的级，各种连词的词义及功能等 等。 3、在坚持平时以正面训练为主的基础上，适当地进行专题训练。 短文改错题的强化训练是必要的，但是方法要得当。建议不要一味地盲目做题。应在做完一 定量的强化题后，停下来对自己的错误进行认真的分析，找出对自己成绩提高影响最大的知识点 或其他问题。然后集中力量就此做更系统和深入的查漏补缺学习。最后，再返回来做题，以检验 学习效果。 （二）解题步骤 短文改错，既是一篇文章，就不能割裂来看，但考题是以行为单位设置错误的，因此要处理 好篇、句、行的关系。 在做短文改错练习时，最好按以下几步走： 1、以句子为单位，找出明显的错误。如 06 年全国 II 短文改错中有下面的句子：An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in a balloon in 1784. High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. 很明显应 discover 的时态应为一般过去时态， 改为 discovered。这样，把明显的错误找出来以后，就可以缩小改错范围，把注意力集中在较 难的句子上。 2、语法角度逐个审查难句的时态、语态、主谓一致、代词、名词、冠词、介词等用法，是 否有误。如04年全国卷I中的句子：Besides, I have few friends I don’t know why they don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become strangers at once。在这句话中，根据上下文黑体词 talked 属于时态误用，应该使用一般现在时态，改为 talk. 3、读全文，看是否有逻辑上以及上下文含义的错误，此时特别要注意一些连词、副词及代词的 错误。如：04 年湖北卷中的句子:What is more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. him 与上文中的 pupils 不一致，属于逻辑错误，应该改为 them. 15 15 4、解题后，再读一遍，检查哪句话确实没有错误，判断正确。按行把答案写在卷面上。以 改动最小，保持原义为原则。 5、最后，再次细读全文，检查并验证所做的答案是否能使全文语气贯通流畅，行文逻辑发 展是否合乎情理，全篇结构是否严密完整。复读过程中凡遇到不同之处，需进一步进行细致的分 析和推敲，以便使答案更有把握。 在此强调一点，考生一定要切记作答要求，做答时一定要作到规范化。以免由于答题不规范 而造成丢分。 最后一点，如果学生在平时的学习中注意文章的朗读。有时说不清楚为什么，但改的却 是正确的，这就是我们常说的“语感”，所以在日常的英语学习中，培养语感是非常重要的。 三、例题解析 （一）按错误类型分类解析文章是句子构成的。下面以单句练习的形式分析短文改错题常常设题 点并分析各个考点所应掌握的重点及难点及应对策略。 第一组 1 What shall I do for you, sir? ________ 2.There was plenty of time. She mustn’t have hurried. ______ 3.He must have arrived there last night, hasn’t he ? _______ 4.We had better not to say so. _______ 5.When I was in trouble, he was used to help me. _____ 答案：本组设题为情态动词。1、shall 改为 can. 本题为固定句型 What can I do for you? 2、mustn’t 改为 needn’t. 3. hasn’t 改为 didn’t 4.去掉 to . 5.去掉 was. 本题考查 used to do。 对策：当句中有情态动词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑： 1、 mustn’t 与 needn’t 含义的区别。mustn’t 的意思是“禁止，不许”，needn’t 含义为“不必要”。 2、情态动词表推测的用 法。3、情态动词接 have done 的含义。4、情态动词 can, may, must, need, should, have to, had better, used to, would rather 等基本用法及含义。 第二组 1.In the morning of his birthday, they visited the Great Wall. _____ 2.This accident happened in last year. _________ 3.Clinton was on a visit China. _________ 4.It is important of us to learn English well. _______ 5.I knew about a ride down the river would be so exciting. _____ 6.The key to success is hard work. ______ 答案： 本组设题为介词。1、In 改为 On. 在英语中具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上，要用介词 on, 不用 in. 2、去掉 in . 含有 last/next 的时间状语前不用介词。3、在 visit 后加 to. 在此句中 visit 是名词，“到…参观，访问”词组为 on a visit to…4、of 改为 for. 固定句型 it is/ was important for somebody to do something.5、去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that. 此句中考查的是 knew 后接一宾语 从句。6、此句正确。注意介词 to 的用法。 应策：当句中含有介词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查介词与名词、动词、形容 词、副词的搭配是否正确。2、检查介词是否符合句意。3、特别注意做定语用的动词不定式后是 否缺少必要的介词。4、有些词组最后有介词，检查后面是否有介词宾语，如果没有则该介词多 余。5、有些词组组成最后有介词，检查是否丢掉，尤其是用在被动语态中时。如：The little boy was taken good care of by his grandmother. 在此句中，介词 of 就不能丢掉。 第三组 1.They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. ______ 2.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. ________ 3.The police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. _________ 4.It takes a long time to go there by train ; it’s quick by road. __________ 5.It is less hot today as yesterday. __________ 6.With the help of the German experts the factory produced twice as many cars as in 1993 as the year before. ________ 7. The apples taste delicious and sell well. ________ 8.The students were deeply moved by what he said. ______ 9.At the meeting she kept silently. _________ 答案： 本组设题为形容词及副词。1、形容词不能单独做谓语。eager 是形容词，所以要在前面 加上系动词 be 的正确形式，根据此句的情况要使用 be 的一般过去时而且由于主语是 they，所 以要用 were.2、wonderfully 改为 wonderful.此处为副词的误用，修饰名词应该使用形容词。3、taller 改为 tallest.此处应该使用形容词的最高级，因为后面的 in New York.实际上提示了一个最高级的 范围。4、quick 改为 quicker. It’s quicker by road 是一个省略句，完整的句子为 It’s quicker by road than by train.5、as 改为 than. less hot 为比较级。6、去掉 cars 后面的 as. 此句为 as… as… 句型。 7、此句话正确。 taste 是系动词，后面接形容词，而 sell 是实义动词，受副词的修饰。8、此句 正确。注意在此句中 deeply 的用法。9、silently 改为 silent. keep 是系动词，要与形容词连用。 对策：当句中含有形容词或副词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中有无把形容 词误用为副词或把副词误用为形容词的情况。2、若句中有系动词，检查其后跟的是形容词还是 副词。3、检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用。4、检查句中有无形容词 与副词的比较级和最高级的误用。5、检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等。6、检查 16 16 表地点的副词前是否有多余的介词 to. 如：on my way to there, get to there, get to home, go to upstairs 等词组中的 to 多余。7、形容词做表语时，检查是否缺少系动词 be,因为形容词不能单独 做谓语。 第四组 1.It is four years since she has left. _________ 2.In the past three years, she had visited the country twice. ______ 3.We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop working. ________ 4.Books may be keep for four weeks. _________ 5.Carelessness in driving may be cost you your life. ________ 6.As soon as his parents will arrive, we’ll leave. ______ 7.When do you see this film? _______ 8.Last Sunday we have a good time ,talking and laughing together. _________ 答案：本组设题为动词的时态语态。1、去掉 has.本句考查的为固定句型 it is +一段时间+ since 从 句。从句中用一般过去时。2、had 改为 has. 有时间状语 in the past three years 可以推出此句应 该使用现在完成时。3、stop 改为 stopped. 4、keep 改为 kept. 此句应该使用被动语态。5、去掉 be. cost 不能用于被动语态。6、去掉 will. As soon as 引导的是时间状语从句，不用将来时态。7、do 改为 did. 由句意决定此句要用一般过去 时。8、have 改为 had. 很明显在此句话中的时间状语为 last Sunday, 应该使用一般过去时。 对策：当涉及到句中谓语动词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中有无时态语态 的错误。2、检查句中前后的时态是否呼应。3、检查句中有无动词混用的错误。4、检查句中的 动词的及物与不及物用法是否正确，与不及物动词搭配的介词是否正确。5、检查时间状语从句 与条件状语从句中的时态是否正确。在这两种状语从句中，要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。 第五组 1.Paul doesn’t have to be made learn . He always works hard. _______ 2.The novel writing by the young novelist is being printed at the printing house. _________ 3.We’re looking forward to visit the photo exhibition. ______ 4.When we saw so many teachers sitting in our classroom , our hearts couldn’t help beating fast. _______ 5.I’d like to your pen friend. ________ 6.I hope all of you to pass the examination . ________ 答案：本组设题为动词的非谓语形式。1、在 learn 的前面加 to. 因为此句话是用的被动语态，所 以要用 somebody be made to do something.2、writing 改为 written. 3、visit 改为 visiting.4、此句正 确。注意 see somebody doing something 及 can’t help doing 的用法。5、在 to 之后加 be 或 become.6、hope 改为 wish. 不能说 hope somebody to do something. 对策：当涉及到句中非谓语动词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查被修饰词与非谓 语动词之间的关系来判断 ing 形式与过去分词的使用是否正确。2、检查句中有无动词原形做主语 的情况，如果有则须改正。3、检查过去分词与现在分词做表语时的用法是否正确。 第六组 1.There is an university near the railway station. _______ 2.What a pity you missed the lecture ! _______ 3.What a bad weather ! ________ 4.What a terrible life people in that country lived at that time. _________ 5.We have so much homework to do that a rest for us is out of the question. _________ 6.Alexander Bell invented a telephone in 1876. ______ 答案：本组设题为冠词。1、an 改为 a.2、此句正确。3、去掉 a.4、此句正确。注意词组 live a terrible life.5、此句正确。6、a 改为 the . 发明物前面要用 the. 对策：当涉及到句中冠词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查有无 a 与 an 之间的误用。 2、检查有无定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用。3、检查名词前面有无漏用冠词的现象。4、检查有 无滥用冠词的现象。如：当介词 by 与交通工具连用时，是否加了不必要的冠词；固定词组间是 否加了不必要的冠词等。5、掌握冠词 a, an , the 的基本用法。 第七组 1.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. ______ 2.Our parents give us not only clothes ,and also food. ______ 3.I never buy anything unless it is not really needed. ______ 4.We all felt if we were going to fly. ________ 5.Unless he said he wasn’t hungry, he ate the big breakfast. __________ 答案：本组设题为连词，连词的用法往往是和复合句结合在一起的。由上下文的句意就能判断出 该用哪一个连词。 1、 and改为but. 2、and改为but. 3、unless改为if 或者去掉not. 4、if前加as. 5、Unless 改为 Though 或 Although. 对策：当涉及到句中连词及复合句时，从以下方面考虑：1、遇到并列句时，检查并列连词的使 用是否正确，有无遗漏并列连词的情况。尤其要注意并列连词 and 连接的是否是并列的语法结构， 形式是否正确。2、复合句中，检查从属连词的使用是否正确。掌握定语从句、状语从句、名词 性从句的用法。3、检查有无连词之间的误用，尤其是 if 和 whether 之间的误用。4、状语从句 中最需要注意的是引导状语从句的从属连词的含义。5、定语从句中最需要注意的为以下各点： 判断关系代词与关系副词的使用是否正确；判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致；检 查关系代词的格的使用是否正确，尤其是在关系代词做主语和介词前置时；检查有无关系副词与 17 17 介词重复使用的情况；检查有无漏掉做主语的关系代词的情况；检查非限制性定语从句的关系代 词的使用是否正确；检查在定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外，是否还有重复多余的代词或 副词。5、名词性从句中最需要注意的为以下各点：检查连接词是否误用；检查是否漏掉了连接 词尤其是引导主语从句和同位语从句的 that；检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致；主语从句通 常可以放在谓语动词的后面，而由 it 来充当形式主语；that 引导主语从句在主语的位置上不能 省略；whether 引导主语从句不能换用 if；名词性从句要用陈述语序；宾语从句的时态要与主句 的时态一致；除了动词后面可以跟宾语从句外，介词和某些形容词后面同样可以接宾语从句。 第八组 1.The bike is neither his nor her. _______ 2.He has one blue pen and two red one. ________ 3.He explained it again so as to make him understood. ______ 4.I don’t think that it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. _______ 5.Two of us will be sent there, Tom and me. _______ 6.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. _______ 7.As we were asleep , all of us heard the sound. ________ 8.Every of the students has a dictionary. ________ 答案：本组设题为代词。1、her 改为 hers. 此题需要名词性物主代词。2、one 改为 ones. 3、him 改为 himself. 根据句意此处需要反身代词。4、去掉 that 或在 it 后加 is. 此题考查 it 做形式宾语 或主语的用法。5、me 改为 I.此处 Tom and I 做主语的同位语，所以要用主格形式。6、his 改为 their. 7、all 改为 none. 8、Every 改为 Each 或在 Every 后加 one,注意 Every one 要分写。 对策：当涉及到句中代词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中人称代词的主格和 宾格是否误用。2、检查句中名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词之间有无误用的情况。3、检查 句中指示代词的使用是否恰当。4、检查句中不定代词的使用及含义是否恰当。5、检查句中前后 代词是否一致。6、检查句中做主语的代词与谓语的数是否一致。7、特别注意 it 做形式主语及形 式宾语的用法。8、掌握反身代词的用法。 第九组 1.We study quite a few subject, such as Chinese, English and physics. ___________ 2.How many bread do you want ? ________ 3.The majority of them are woman doctors. __________ 4.The worker and writer are to attend the meeting. ________ 5.All that can be done have been done. __________ 6.No one but her parents knows the secret. __________ 答案：本组设题为名词及主谓一致。1、subject 改为 subjects.2、many 改为 much.3、woman 改 为 women. 当 man、woman 定语修饰名词时，单复数形式随后面的名词变化。4、are 改为 is. 主 语 the worker and writer 为一个人。5、have 改为 has. 6、此句话正确。 对策：当涉及到句中名词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中名词的单复数形式 是否符合句意。特别注意那些不规则名词的复数形式。2、检查句中有无所有格的误用。特别注 意复数名词的所有格形式的变化。3、检查句中有无可数名词与不可数名词之间的误用并检查名 词的修饰语是否正确。4、检查句中有无易混淆的名词的误用。5、检查主谓在数上是否违背了语 法一致的原则。6、检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。7、检查主谓在数上是否违背了 邻近原则。 第十组 1.He likes to play the piano while his brother likes to play football. _______ 2.Paper catches the fire easily. _______ 3.It is time that you go to bed. _______ 4.They worked deeply into the night. ________ 5.Our research group is made up for 20 people._______ 6.A new bridge is under constructions. _______ 答案：本组设题为固定词组和固定句型。1、句正确。注意词组 play the piano 和 play football. 2、 去掉 the. catch fire 为固定词组，含义为“着火”。3、在 go 前加 should. 或 go 改为 went. 此句 为固定句型 It is time that somebody should do something./It is time that somebody did something. 其中 that 可以省略。4、deeply 改为 deep. “夜很深了”可以表达为 deep into the night.5、for 改 为 of . 此句为固定词组 be made up of. 6、 constructions 改为 construction. under construction 含 义为“在建设之中”。 对策：为了更好地掌握英语中的固定词组及固定句型，考生在平时的学习中要加强记忆。 第十一组 1.One morning Mr. Robert was sitting comfortably at the breakfast table and reading his newspaper at five past eight. He didn’t seem to be in a hurry and asked his wife for another cup of coffee. “Another cup?” she asked. “But aren’t you going to the office today ? Have you got a holiday?” “The office?” he said and looked down from the newspaper in _____ surprise. “I thought I was in the office.” 2.I shall never forget going to school for the first time . I woke up very early and started to get dressed while my mother was cooking my lunch. _____ 3.Mr. Robinson liked sitting beside a window when he was flying, but when he ______ got on the plane , he looked for a window seat. 4.We have so much homework to do that a rest for me is out of the question. _______ 18 18 5.I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me to understand _______ how the world works. 答案：本组设题为上下文语境。1、down 改为 up.2、改 lunch 为 breakfast.3、改 but 为 so.4、改 me 为 us.5、改 it 为 they. 对策：上下文的错误往往出在代词，名词，及连词上。通读全文要注意文章前后的含义是否照应， 上下文的逻辑关系是否顺畅。 （材料来源：1、高考试题短文改错、单项选择部分 2、学生的书 面表达） （二）分项单句改错练习 A 名词及主谓一致 1.Please give my regard to your parents. 2.The number of the teachers to attend the meting are twenty. 3.The mother bird was taking foods to her baby birds. 4. On arriving home, she found she had left her bag at her friend. 5.These programs are great help to learners of English. 6. They bought a lot of equipments for the lab. 7. The teacher with two students were in the room. 8. Many a man have tried it before. 9.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. 10.How many bread do you want ? 11.The majority of them are woman doctors. 12. The worker and writer are to attend the meeting. 13.All that can be done have been done. 14.No one but her parents knows the secret. 16. Three plate were already on the table when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it. (07 辽宁) （名、动、介） B 冠词 1.I have a good news for you. 2. He speaks the English very well. 3. We play the basketball on Sunday. 4. Are you making a good progress? 5. Many of wounded lost their sight. 6.Many blacks were arrested and put into the prison. 7.There is an university near the railway station. 8.The soldier got seriously wounded on his leg. 9.What a pity you missed the lecture! 10.What a bad weather! 11.What a terrible life people in that country lived at that time! 12.We have so much homework to do that a rest for us is out of the question. 13.Alexander Bell invented a telephone in 1876. 14. An Australian farmer found the kangaroo caught in the fence around his farms. (07 四川) C 介词 1. There is no quick answer of this question. 2. They can sell their beef for a high price in the capital. 3.Twice a year, large teams women plant thousands of trees. 4.Let’s go out to a walk. 5.Let’s go to a picnic. 6.I missed the train for ten minutes. 7.We had no difficulty in finding his house for the boy leading the way. 8.I have no pen to write. 9. It was foolish for him to waste his money on such a computer. 10. The teacher expressed his satisfaction to the result of the experiment. 19 19 11.In the morning of his birthday, they visited the Great Wall. 12.This accident happened in last year. 13.Clinton was on a visit China. 14.It is important of us to learn English well. 15.I knew about a ride down the river would be so exciting. 16.The key to success is hard work. 17.He will arrive after a week. 18.That year Diana married with Charles . 19.Does he know any other foreign languages except English? 20.Japan is in the east of China. 21.Under the help of her parents ,Zhang Haidi began to learn English. 22.Tell me the story with English. D 代词 1.I don’t know many about his friend. 2. After that, he held up one of his fingers and showed to the class. 3. I’m sorry. I know only a few English. 4.She finds difficult to learn English very well. 5. He’s still working in seventies. 6.May I make me known to you? 7.The bike is neither his nor her. 8.He has one blue pen and two red one. 9.He explained it again so as to make him understood. 10.I don’t think that it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 11.Two of us will be sent there, Tom and me. 12.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 13.As we were asleep, all of us heard the sound. 14.Every of the students has a dictionary. 15.We can tell others our need for help and accept his help.(07 福建) E 形容词副词 1. Lucky, I was not in the city when the earthquake happened there. 2. Many Chinese experts have been sent to abroad. 3.When his best friend left, he felt alone. 4.The sooner you do it, better it will be. 5.My watch is missed. 6.No farther discussion is necessary. 7. Hearing the news, he fell silently. 8.Try to make as fewer mistakes as you can. 9.They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. 10.I am sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. 11.The police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. 12.It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s quick by road. 13.It is less hot today as yesterday. 14.With the help of the German experts the factory produced twice as many cars as in 1993 as the year before. 15.The apples taste delicious and sell well. 16.The students were deeply moved by what he said. 17.At the meeting she kept silently. 18.With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with good service for passengers. (07 江苏 19. I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself. (07 浙江) F 情态动词 1. It’s very cold outside. You’d better to put on more clothes. 20 20 2.Be sure to write to us, can you? 3.What do you suggest I did? 4..What shall I do for you, sir? 5.There was plenty of time. She mustn’t have hurried. 6.He must have arrived there last night, hasn’t he? 7.We had better not to say so. 8.When I was in trouble, he was used to help me. G 动词的时态语态 1.I’ll call on you as soon as I will arrive. 2.I’ll never forget the days which I spend with my friends in New York. 3. On arriving home, she found she left her bag at her friend’s. 4.Great changes have been taken place in my hometown since 1980. 5. He managed to swim across the river, but failed. 6. Can you say the differences between the twin sisters? 7.It is four years since she has left. 8.In the past three years, she had visited the country twice. 9.We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop working. 10.Books may be keep for four weeks. 11.Carelessness in driving may be cost you your life. 12.As soon as his parents will arrive, we’ll leave. 13.When do you see this film? 14.Last Sunday we have a good time, talking and laughing together. H 非谓语 1.Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you. 2. He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looked rather pleased. 3.Will you get your bicycle repair? 4. I have been made stand at the gate of our classroom. 5.Read such a book in English without a dictionary is difficult for me. 6. Compare to what it is now, it was a small place then. 7.He went into the room but left us wait outside. 8. The question is puzzled. 9. Seeing from the hill, the city looks very beautiful. 10. She devoted every effort to help the disabled people. 11.Paul doesn’t have to be made learn . He always works hard. 12.The novel writing by the young novelist is being printed at the printing house. 13.We’re looking forward to visit the photo exhibition. 14.When we saw so many teachers sitting in our classroom , our hearts couldn’t help beating fast. 15.I’d like to your pen friend. 16.I hope all of you to pass the examination. I 连词 1. It sounded like a train was going under my house. 2. This is the tallest building which I have ever seen. 3. The stories about the Long March were well written, from which this one is a good example. 4.I don’t like the sports which people easily get hurt. 5.I’ll never forget the days when I spent with my friends in Guiling. 6. Yesterday they went to the zoo, it is about 5 kilometres away. 7.The girl, her mother was badly hurt, hurried to hospital. 8. This is the way how I do it. 9.They asked what you use a fork for. 10. It will be more than ten years until you learn a foreign language well enough. 21 21 11. When asking about the problem, he made no answer. 12. That they need most should be considered first. 13.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. 14.Our parents give us not only clothes, and also food. 15.I never buy anything unless it is not really needed. 16.We all felt if we were going to fly. 17.Unless he said he wasn’t hungry, he ate the big breakfast. 18.Though he is rich, but he works very hard. 19.Because I was careless, so I failed. 20.The reason why he was absent is because he was ill. 21.My father asked me that how many marks I had got for English. 22.It worried her because her hair was turning gray. 23.Bush was elected president made them very disappointed. 24.They jumped with joy the moment they heard the news. J 固定词组 1. Don’t make fun about an old man. 2. He got caught by the rain. 3.I prefer tea than coffee. 4. My house is quite close from the station. 5.He likes to play the piano while his brother likes to play football. 6.Paper catches the fire easily. 7.It is time that you go to bed. 8.They worked deeply into the night. 9.Our research group is made up for 20 people. 10. A new bridge is under constructions. (三)单句改错综合练习 1.They met an European yesterday, didn’t they? 2.Have you married? 3.The price of the car is very expensive. 4. When speaking, you must make yourself understand. 5.What subject are you interested? 6.If you really like the T-shirt, why not to buy it? 7.The big family has a small house to live. 8.The thief has caught climbing over the garden wall. 9.Don’t forget your dictionary at home. 10.The ice isn’t thick enough for us to skate. 11.This is the very child looked by her. 12. No matter whenever you call, you will find him at his desk. 13.This is the house that he is used to live in. 14.He made such much progress that he was praised by the teacher. 15. he was punished because what he had done. 16. We called at Mr. Smith yesterday. 17. What good time we had last night! 18. The reason is why I’m deeply touched by his story. 19.Why not just wearing a flower instead? 20.To my great surprised, he didn’t feel surprised at his failure. 21. I didn’t want to see the boy his father is now in prison. 22. It’s sure that there is nothing that a woman can’t do. 23. The room, its windows face south, is our classroom. 24.It’s stupid for you to say so. 22 22 25. He replied with a loud voice, “It was Tom who gave me that book.” 26.He found some old people be seated at the back of the classroom. 27. The party the students had been looking forward to being held yesterday evening at last. 28. We hoped each other the best luck in the examination. 29. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, buying bananas and visited her cousin. 30. That he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. 31.Work hard, you will be successful. 32. Will you please to say it again more slowly? 33.I think you’d better not to tell him about it. 34. The First Olympic Games in modern time took place in 1896. 35. There are many woman teachers in this school. 36. The old is taken good care of in this city. 37. It is pity that he missed such a good lecture. 38. I’m going to have my eyes test tomorrow afternoon. 39. Leading by the Party, we have made great progress. 40. My watch is old and it needs repaired. 41. What a fine weather it is! 42. Marx and Engles were both Germen. 43. We all now that Australia keeps a lot of sheeps. 44. He has broken the law and has been put in the prison. 45. Boys and girls, don’t lose hearts. Do better next time. 46.Another a new school is now being built in my city. 47. The enemy had no choice but lay down their guns. 48. I will attend the meeting no matter if he comes or not. 49.Bill still remembered the school which he once studied in it. 50. We’re looking forward to have another good harvest. 51. We shall visit the library where Lu Xun once lived there. 52. Giving me support, or I won’t be able to finish it. 53. We don’t have so more rain as you do in Hainan Island. 54.We won Class 2 in the football match yesterday. 55. What she said sounded wonderfully. 56. You must see a doctor in case of you are ill. 57. The dictionary being bought yesterday has been given to Mary. 58. Seeing from the tower, the park looks very beautiful. 59. Not knowing where to go, so he wandered along the streets. 60. A new railway is said to be in construction now.