高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习(五十九)含答案
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高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习(五十九)含答案

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时间:2021-04-09

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2021高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习(五十九) 2019天津卷(D篇) 目录 内容 第一部分 高考真题试做 第二部分 真题词块解析 第三部分 模拟题训练 一:真题试做 Would you BET on the future of this man?He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning , and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives , he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days,while others go to seed long before? We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But,if we are willing to lean,the opportunities are everywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please,some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. With high motivation and enthusiasm,we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. Many of us equate(视…等同于)“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence — whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson. 51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________. A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success 52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. End one's struggle for liberty. B. Waste one's energy taking risks. C. Miss the opportunity to succeed. D. Lose the interest to continue learning. 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5? A. A tough man can tolerate suffering. B. A wise man can live without self-pity. C. A man should try to satisfy people around him. D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. 55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. 参考答案:BDCDA 二:词块梳理 1:debt 英[det] 美[det] n. 债务;负债;恩情;人情债 变形 复数:debts 双语例句 1.The board has so misconducted the company that it's deep in debt. 由于董事会对公司管理不善,公司负债累累. 2.I owe you a debt of gratitude which I shall never be able to repay. 我永远报答不尽你的恩情. 3.Stop spending so fast, or you'll end us up in debt. 别花钱这么快, 否则你就要叫我们背债了. 2:misfortune 英[ˌmɪsˈfɔːtʃuːn] 美[ˌmɪsˈfɔːrtʃuːn] n. 不幸,厄运;灾难;不幸事故 变形 复数:misfortunes 双语例句 1.There is no other misfortune that could be compared with the loss of time. 没有一种不幸可与失掉时间相比. 2.Her career was dogged by misfortune. 她一生屡遭不幸. 3.It means to take spiteful , malicious delight in the misfortune of others. 它的意思是把自己的快乐建立在别人的痛苦不幸之上. 3:function 英[ˈfʌŋkʃn] 美[ˈfʌŋkʃn] n. 功能;函数;因变量;宴会 v. 工作;发挥功能 变形 过去分词:functioned 现在分词:functioning 过去式:functioned 复数:functions 第三人称单数:functions 双语例句 1.Making copies of those plates for different users is an important function of the library. 把这些照片复制,供给不同的使用者是该馆的一项重要任务. 2.The function of the kidneys is to excrete wastes from the body. 肾的功能是排泄人体里的废物. 3.An imbalance in certain chemicals leads to disturbances in the brain's function. 某些化学成分失衡会道致大脑功能的紊乱. 4:prison 英[ˈprɪzn] 美[ˈprɪzn] n. 监狱,看守所 变形 复数:prisons 双语例句 1.Three fugitives from the prison are still at large. 三名逃犯仍然未被抓获. 2.The judge clapped the criminal in prison. 法官把犯人投入狱中. 3.He broke prison and went abroad. 他越狱逃到国外去了. 5:motive 英[ˈməʊtɪv] 美[ˈmoʊtɪv] n. 动机,主旨;(艺术作品的)主题,题材 adj. 运动的;动机的;发动的 变形 形容词:motiveless 复数:motives 双语例句 1.This study was done by the National Institutes of Health, not anybody with any ulterior motive. 这项研究是由美国国家卫生研究院来进行的, 所以并不会像有些调查一样 存在着某些不可告人的动机. 2.The crime seemed to have been committed without motive. 这一罪案似乎并无作案动机. 3.Motive power is, in quantity, invariable in nature, it is never either produced or destroyed. 原动力在数量上实质是不变的, 它绝不会产生也不会消失. 6:appeal 英[əˈpiːl] 美[əˈpiːl] v. 呼吁,恳请;上诉,申诉;对…有吸引力;劝说 n. 呼吁,恳求;募捐;上诉,申诉;吸引力,感染力;打动 变形 过去分词:appealed 现在分词:appealing 过去式:appealed 复数:appeals 第三人称单数:appeals 双语例句 1.I appeal to you to vote against him. 我想请你投他的反对票. 2.She will appeal against the judge's decision. 她要对判决提出上诉. 3.The principal made another vain appeal for better equipment in the school laboratory. 校长又一次请求增加学校实验设备,但又是一场空. 7:prisoner 英[ˈprɪznə(r)] 美[ˈprɪznər] n. 囚犯;俘虏;为…所困的人 变形 复数:prisoners 双语例句 1.The prisoner was committed for trial. 那名囚犯被提交审判. 2.Let's wall the prisoner up in the castle. 咱们把这个犯人关在城堡里吧. 3.The policemen are running after a prisoner who escaped last night. 警察在追捕一名昨夜逃跑的犯人. 8:vitality 英[vaɪˈtæləti] 美[vaɪˈtælɪti] n. 活力;生气;生命力;持久性 双语例句 1.Firstly, the part explains that A Q has vigorous vitality. 第三部分研究《阿 Q 正传》在当今的接受情况. 2.Nourishment & activation : Improve cell vitality, facilitate nutrients absorption, and gradually restore glittering, transparent and bright skin. 营养活肤: 增强细胞活力, 帮助营养成分渗透吸收, 令肤色逐步恢复莹白透 亮、光彩照人. 3.The first is to promote economic restructuring to enhance the economic vitality. 首先是扎实推进经济结构转型,增强经济活力. 9:progressive 英[prəˈɡresɪv] 美[prəˈɡresɪ v] adj. 不断前进的;进步的;进行的 n. 改革论者;进步分子 变形 名词:progressivism 复数:progressives 双语例句 1.Progressive develop in proper sequence is the Basic Law stipulates that Hong Kong's constitutional development model. 繁体字循序渐进是基本法规定香港政制发展的模式. 2.You are progressive? you aim to surpass your past accomplishments. 你追求进步,你的目标是超过你过去的成就. 3.There is often a progressive loss of sight in old age. 上了年纪的人视力逐步减退. 10:narrow 英[ˈnærəʊ] 美[ˈnæroʊ] adj. 狭窄的;狭隘的;险胜的;勉强的;有限的;狭义的 v. 变狭窄;缩小 变形 过去分词:narrowed 比较级:narrower 最高级:narrowest 现在分词:narrowing 名词:narrowness 过去式:narrowed 第三人称单数:narrows : 双语例句 1.Narrow corridors lead off from the main hallway. 狭长的通道从主廊延展开来. 2.The only light came through a narrow aperture. 仅有的光亮来自一个小孔. 3.The stream bifurcates into two narrow winding channels. 那条小溪分成两股窄而弯曲的支流. 11:variety 英[vəˈraɪəti] 美[vəˈraɪəti] n. 多种多样;多样化;种类;综艺节目 变形 复数:varieties 双语例句 1.Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control functions in electronic equipment. 半导体器件在电子设备中能起各式各样的控制作用. 2.There're a large variety of goods in the shops. 商店里有各式各样的商品. 3.His writing lacks variety. 他的文体缺乏变化. 12:trap 英[træp] 美[træp] n. (捕鸟兽的)陷阱/夹子/罗网;圈套,骗局;困境;嘴;双轮轻便马车 v. 使陷入困境;设陷阱捕捉;卡/夹/绊住;收集,吸收;诱骗,抓捕 变形 过去分词:trapped 现在分词:trapping 过去式:trapped 复数:traps 第三人称单数:traps 双语例句 1.One should learn from past mistakes so as to avoid falling into the same old trap again. 要从过去的错误中吸取教训,以免重蹈覆辙. 2.The hunter lured the fox into a trap. 猎人诱使狐狸落入陷阱. 3.To my immense gratification, he fell into the trap. 令我极为满意的是, 他中了圈套. 13:maturity 英[məˈtʃʊərəti] 美[məˈtʃʊrəti] n. 成熟;完备;(票据等的)到期;[地]壮年期 变形 复数:maturities 双语例句 1.Handsome may be applied to women and suggest dignity and maturity. 可用于指妇女,含有端庄和成熟的意思. 2.Often more than one embryo is produced initially, but usually only one reaches maturity. 胚具两片子叶,开始时不止产生一个胚, 但一般只有一个胚发育成熟. 3.Again, the evolution stages of IUR cooperative innovation is analyzed, including shaping - development - maturity - decline and renewal phase. 然后, 分析了产学研合作创新群落演化的阶段:形成阶段 — 发展阶段 — 成熟阶段 — 衰落与更新阶段. 14:enthusiasm 英[ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm] 美[ɪnˈθuːziæzəm] n. 热情,热忱;热衷的事物 变形 复数:enthusiasms 双语例句 1.He is always overflown with enthusiasm. 他总是洋溢着热情. 2.He was carried away by his enthusiasm. 热情使他的头脑不够冷静. 3.His refusal iced our enthusiasm. 他的拒绝打消了我们的热情. 15:commitment 英[kəˈmɪtmənt] 美[kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 信奉,忠诚;承诺;已许诺的事;献身;投入;花费 变形 复数:commitments 双语例句 1.Conveniently overlooking the fact that she wouldn't be able to meet the commitment, she agreed enthusiastically. 她不理会自己不能遵守承诺的事实, 热心地答应了. 2.They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitious or love of comfort. 他们有一种自由自在的风度, 他们不沉溺于可鄙的追名逐利和对舒适生活 的迷恋. 3.They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job. 他们正在找一个对这一工作有献身精神的人. 16:moral 英[ˈmɒrəl] 美[ˈmɔːrəl] n. 道德;寓意 adj. 道德的;道义上的;有道德的;能辨是非的 变形 复数:morals 双语例句 1.We should draw a moral from the startling fact. 我们应当从这些触目惊心的事实中吸取教训. 2.A man of moral integrity never resorts to deception. 明人不做暗事. 3.Tom refused to join the army, believing that he had no moral right to kill. 汤姆认为自己在道义上无权杀人而拒绝入伍. 三:阅读训练 Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic make-up as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any danger in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communication systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry! While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. 1.Why does the author mention the questions in the first paragraph? A.To express his doubts. B.To compare different ideas. C.To introduce points for discussion. D.To describe the conditions on Earth. 2.What is the reason for exploring space based on? A.Humans are nature born to do so. B.Humans have the tendency to fight. C.Humans may find new sources of food. D.Humans don’t like to stay in the same place. 3.The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to . A.survival chances B.unexpected benefits C.potential resources D.physical possessions 4.Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? A.Space exploration has created many wonders. B.Space exploration provides the best value for money. C.Space exploration can benefit science and technology. D.Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. 答案 本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问 题。 1.C 推理判断题。文章第一段通过提出一些关于太空探索利弊的问题引出 本文要探讨的主题。故选 C 项。 2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic make-up as human beings.”和第二段最后一句“Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.”可知,人类探索 太空是由于基因因素,是天生决定的。故选 A 项。 3.B 词义猜测题。根据该词前的 benefited 和该词后的 improvements 以及上 下文语境可推出该词表示“意料之外的利益、好处”。故选 B 项。 4.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了太空探索可以帮助我们避 免地球上潜在的问题。故选 D 项。

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