2021届高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（四十一）

2021 高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（四十一） 一：词汇识记 1. passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. 通道；走廊；（文章的）一节/段 拓展 passenger n. 旅客；乘客；过路人；碍手碍脚的人 passer-by n. 过路人；经过的人 passport n. 护照，通行证；手段 例句 A dark narrow passage led to the main hall. 一条阴暗狭窄的走廊通向大厅。 串记 The passenger lost his passport and it was found by a passer-by at the passage. 这个乘客的护照丢了，被一个路人在走廊上捡到了。 2.patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人 a. 耐心的(反 impatient) 拓展 (1)be patient with sb.对某人有耐心 be patient of sth.忍受/忍耐某事 (2)impatient adj. 不耐烦的；没有耐心的 be/become impatient of sth. 对某事不能容忍 (3)patience n. 耐心 impatience n. 不耐烦 have the patience to do sth．有耐心做某事 with patience ＝ patiently 耐心地 例句 ①He is just a small child, so you should be patient with him. 他只是个小孩子，所以你应该对他有耐心。 ② Success partially depends on whether you have the patience to do simple things perfectly． 成功部分取决于是否你有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。 ③Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience. 每当我犯错误，老师都耐心的指出来。 串记 The doctors need to be patient with their patients. At the same time the patients need to have more patience. 医生需要耐心对他们的病人，病人们也应该多有些耐心。 3. pay /peɪ/ (paid，paid) v. 付钱，给…报酬；n. 工资，薪水 拓展 pay back 偿还；报复；回报 pay for 花钱买；付出代价 pay off 付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复 pay a visit to 参观；拜访 pay attention to 注意；留心 payment n. 付款；报酬/答；偿还；惩罚，报应 例句 ①That I can pay back the help people gave me makes me happy. 我可以回报别人给我的帮助，这让我很高兴。 ②He had to work part-time so as to pay for his school fee. 他得做兼职工作以支付学费。 ③The efforts made by Jack and his parents paid off. 杰克和他父母的努力奏效了。 串记 The payment of this work is very high so that she can pay for the house for her mother. She knows that when she pays off the money her mother can get the keys in this way she can pay back her mother’s breeding. 这份工作的工资很高因此她可以给她的母亲买一套房子。她知道她付清钱款 之后她的母亲就可以得到房子的钥匙，这样她可以回报母亲的养育之恩。 4. peace /pi:s/ n. 和平；平静，安宁；安/清静 拓展 at peace 处于和平状态 in peace 和平地；安静，宁静；安祥 make peace with 与…言归于好；与…讲和 peaceful a. 和平的，爱好和平的；平静的 例句 The situation poses a grave threat to world peace. 这局势对世界和平构成了严重的威胁。 串记 Chinese people love peace，they want to live peacefully and for thousands of years they’ ve lived in peace. They want to make peace with other nations but it doesn’t mean that they are afraid of anyone. 中国人热爱和平，千年来他们都希望自己平静地生活。他们希望和其他国家 和平共处，但是这并不意味着则他们惧怕任何一个国家。 5. perform /pəˈfɔ:m/ v. 表演，演出；执/履行；行动；表现，发挥 拓展 (1)perform one's duty/promise 履行职责/诺言 perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术 (2)performance n. 表演，演出；表现；执行，履行 give/put on a performance 演出 performer n. 执行者，表演者，演奏者，能手 例句 ①You'd better perform your promise that you will finish your task on time. 你最好履行你按时完成任务的承诺。 ②The famous singer will give/put on a performance at the Shanghai Gymnasium next month. 这位著名歌手下个月将在上海体育馆演出。 串记 The performers give a wonderful performance to all the audience. 演员们给所有观众呈现了一场精彩的演出。 二：阅读练习 A A new program encouraging children ages 9 to 12 to get interested in computers,math and science starts next week at all 36 libraries of the San Diego Public Library. Called “Spring into STEAM”,the program will offer workshops in March,April and May.It begins on March 2. “We know that science education is so important now,and technology is changing so fast,” said Misty Jones,library director.“We see this as a way to bring kids new ideas and help them know more about the world around them.” STEAM stands for science,technology,engineering,art and math,and there will be workshops in each area.This year’s theme is “Bug Out!”,so the science workshop will invite insect experts to explain the survival skills of insects.The engineering workshop will watch bees as builders.For math,the kids will learn spatial geometry ( 空 间 几 何 学 ) by making 3-D paper insects.Kids in other workshops will learn computer coding,create a light using a glass bottle,or build insects using pipe cleaners and LED lights. Jones said she’s also excited about the chance for children to take part in the International Barcode of Life Project,which is trying to create a digital catalog (电子 目录) of different kinds of insects on Earth.Kids in San Diego can ask for free insect collection tools at their local libraries beginning on March 2.Insects they collect can then be sent in for DNA identification. Jones said it is unusual for every library to start the same program at the same time.“It’s something we’ve been trying to do,and I think it’s just the beginning of the chances we will be able to offer,” she said. 1.What do we know about “Spring into STEAM”? A.It is open to kids of all ages. B.It lasts for at least four months. C.It helps kids learn more about themselves. D.It is held by the San Diego Public Library. 2.What will kids learn from the engineering workshop this year? A.How LED lights work. B.How bees build their home. C.How to make 3-D paper bees. D.How to create a light using a glass bottle. 3.What will kids do for the International Barcode of Life Project? A.Collect insects. B.Take DNA tests. C.Create a digital catalog. D.Make insect collection tools. 4.What can we infer from what Jones said in the last paragraph? A.The program will continue. B.The program should last much longer. C.The program will have different themes. D.The program should be held by different libraries. B Does a grasshopper taco (墨西哥蚂蚱卷饼) sound delicious? If you were living in another part of the world — say,Mexico or Thailand or Kenya — the idea of eating insects might not seem strange to you at all.For thousands of years,insect-eating has been common practice among many of the world’s people.According to insect-eaters around the world,insects are tasty. Insect fans say insects are not only tasty,they are also nutritious.Arnold van Huis is working with other scientists to encourage insect-eating in areas where it is already common. According to the United Nations,the planet’s population is now almost 7 billion.It is expected to reach 9 billion before 2050.By that time,people’s need for meat is expected to double.Raising livestock ( 家 畜 ) requires large areas of farmland,and feeding the animals can be expensive.“We have to find something else to take the place of meat,” Arnold van Huis says.“One very good choice is using insects.” Raising insects would require less land,says Arnold van Huis.Insects would also be cheaper to feed. For insect-eating to become popular in the U.S.,Brian Fisher,an insect scientist at the California Academy of Sciences,says people must be careful with ready-to-eat insects.There are more than 1,700 types of insects that are safe to eat.But do not even think of eating insects from your backyard,since there is no way of knowing if they are dangerous! If you really want to eat insects,it is possible to order insect cuisine (烹 饪) at a handful of U.S.restaurants. Arnold van Huis is working with chefs in the Netherlands to develop delicious insect recipes.For one experiment,his team prepared two types of meatballs:some made with meat and others made with mealworms and meat.In a blind taste test,nine out of ten people preferred the mealworm meatballs. In the future,will eating insects be common practice for people in Europe and North America? “I’m completely sure it will,” says Arnold van Huis. 5.What can we learn about insect-eating in Thailand or Kenya? A.It is not allowed. B.It is not common. C.It is very popular. D.It is rather strange. 6.According to Arnold van Huis,what would be an advantage of eating more insects? A.It would save more livestock. B.It would solve environmental problems. C.It would provide more nutrition for people. D.It would help feed the world’s growing population. 7.Why does Brian Fisher advise people to go to restaurants to eat insects? A.Insect cuisine ordered there is delicious. B.Insects cooked there taste more like meat. C.Insects cooked there are safe enough to eat. D.Different insect cuisine can be chosen there. 8.How might Arnold van Huis feel about the experimental result mentioned in Paragraph 6? A.Fearful. B.Satisfied. C.Doubtful. D.Surprised.