2021届高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（三十二）

2021 高考英语核心词扩展与辨析（三十二） 一：词汇识记 1. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测/度/计/估/衡量；n.度量单位，计量标准；措施，办法 拓展 be measured by/in 用……来衡量 measure for 为…量… make a measure for sb/sth make ... to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做…… take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 to one’s measure 按照某人尺寸 例句 ①Education shouldn't be measured purely by examination results. 教育不应该纯粹以考试成绩来衡量。 ② You should take effective measures to improve your workers' working conditions. 你们应该采取有效措施改善你们工人的工作环境。 ③In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival coming. 过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身做新衣服。 串记 To know the measurement of the spaceship you should take some measures to measure it by yourself. 要知道这个飞船的尺寸，你需要自己采取措施测量。 2. meet /mi:t/(met，met) vt. 遇见，见到，结识；迎接；遭遇; 满足，达到；n. 会，集会 拓展 meet one’s need/requirement/standard 满足某人的需要 meet with 偶然遇到; 碰到; 遭受; 和…会面 meet up with 遇见，赶上 meeting n. 见/会面；会议；机会；运动会 sports meeting 运动会 hold a meeting 开会．举行会议 例句 She is the girl whom you meet at the airport. 她就是你在机场遇见的那个女孩。 串记 Yesterday I met with Jack.Ma and we had a meeting in which I put up with some suggestions which meet his requirements of improving Tao Bao. 昨天我和马云见面了，我们开了会，会上我提出的建议符合他改进淘宝的需 求。 3. mind /maɪnd/ n. 头脑，心；思维，智力；心思，想法；v. 介意，关心；注意，小心(watch) 拓展 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 bear/keep in mind 记住; 怀; 挂心 change one’s mind 改变某人的想法 come into one’s mind 突然想到 have sb./sth. in mind 担心某人/某事 make up one’s mind 某人下定决心 on one’s mind (烦心事)在心头 mind your own business 别多管闲事 never mind 没有关系，不要记在心上 absent-minded a. 健忘的，心不在焉的 single-minded a. 专一的；诚心的；纯真的 open-minded a 思想开明的；无偏见的 mindful a. 留心的，注意的；警觉的 mindless a. 愚笨的；不小心的；无意识的 Would/Do you mind＋[one (宾格)/one's]＋doing sth.? 表示请求允许或询问对方是否介意自己或别人做某事。 Would you mind＋if 从句？(从句中要用一般过去时) Do you mind＋if 从句？(从句中常用一般现在时) 表示询问对方是否介意某人做某事。 例句 ①There were all kinds of thoughts running through my mind. 各种念头在我脑海中闪过。 ②Would you mind my asking you/if I asked you a private question？ 你是否介意我问你一个私人问题吗？ 串记 An open-minded person doesn’t mean that he or she is mindless, on the contrary an open-minded person can be very mindful. 一个思想开明的人，并不意味着他（她）是一个愚笨的人，相反地这个人可 能非常警觉。 4. miss /mɪs/ v. 未击中；错过；未领会；躲开，避过；想/怀念 拓展 miss doing sth. 错过/想念做某事 miss out 遗漏；(被)略去；错过机会 missing a. 失去的; 下落不明的 例句 We have missed you badly since you were gone． 自你走后我们非常惦念你。 串讲 I miss my missing pet, it was my fault that I miss out the opportunity to get it back. 我想念我丢失的那只宠物了，是我的错，是我错过了将它找回来的机会。 5. mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ (mistook，mistaken) n. 错/失误；vt. 弄错，误会 拓展 mistake ... for... 把……误认为 by mistake 错误地；无意中(做了错事) make a mistake 犯错误 mistaken a. 弄错的，理解错误的；错误的 例句 He always makes spelling mistakes． 他总是犯拼写错误。 串记 Lily was mistaken by her teacher Lucy because Lucy opened the wrong box by mistake. 莉莉被她的老师露西误解了，因为露西错误地打开了盒子。 二：阅读练习 A When things get wildly busy in the morning,some people don’t have breakfast in order to save time.But that may be a big mistake for students.Whether at home,on the way to school or at school,eating something healthy for breakfast may help a student get better grades. Researchers looked at 5,000 9-11 year-olds from more than 100 primary schools in the U.K.They looked at what the students ate for breakfast and then their grades 6 to 18 months later.They found that the students who ate a healthy breakfast were twice as likely to perform above average in educational activities.The researchers also found that unhealthy breakfasts — such as potato chips or a donut did not appear helpful to educational performance.In 2013,an organization in the United States,also looked at possible connections between breakfast and student success in school.They found that on average students who ate breakfast provided by their school attended 1.5 more days of school per year.These students also scored 17.5 percent higher on standardized math tests. Health experts suggest that the best breakfast is a mix of complex carbohydrates(碳水化合物),protein and fat.This gives your body the energy it needs to think clearly and to remember what it learns.Wholegrain( 全 麦 的 ) bread is an example.The report explains that the brain needs glucose( 葡 萄 糖 ) to work well.Simply eating a breakfast rich in carbohydrates may make a student tired.So,adding protein helps to prevent fatigue.Having a protein such as milk,yogurt,eggs or meat can help students to feel full longer.Oatmeal(燕麦粥),the researchers say,is an example of a breakfast that is rich in fiber and protein.It releases energy slowly because it is a wholegrain food.So,students will feel full longer. Health experts also suggest not eating too much for breakfast.This can also make a person feel tired and unable to think clearly.They say eating between 350 and 500 calories in the morning is a good amount of energy to start the day. 1.What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 1? A.To analyze why breakfast is ignored. B.To lead in the main topic of the text. C.To stress the effect of eating healthily. D.To share a common mistake among students. 2.Which of the following is the best breakfast choice? A.Wholegrain bread and some juice. B.A donut,an egg and a glass of milk. C.An egg,a glass of milk and some potato chips. D.Wholegrain bread with beef and a bowl of oatmeal. 3.What is the text mainly about? A.The way of cooking a hearty breakfast. B.The importance of having good breakfast. C.How to stay energetic throughout the day. D.How much breakfast you should eat each day. B I went to a New York Mets fantasy camp in 1991,an incredible experience.I was fortunate to be on a team whose pitching coach was Mel Stottlemyre,the former Yankees star pitcher(投手) and Mets and Yankees coach.I was saddened when Mel died of complications of multiple myeloma on Jan.13 at age 77. He was warm,friendly and treated us as if we were major leaguers.He asked me whether I would like to pitch and proceeded to demonstrate how to throw a “two-seam”,a fastball that tends to sink,as well as a straight four-seam fastball.I knew pretty quickly that pitching was not for me.At age 45,my experience in organized baseball was limited to a couple of years in Little League in the Bronx,and softball games as an adult.Mel eventually left the Mets and became the pitching coach for the Yankees.I followed his career and knew about his diagnosis with multiple myeloma,a blood cancer,in April 2000,and a stem cell transplant. In the summer of 2002,I was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and was told that I needed a stem cell transplant by the same group of doctors at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center that had treated Mel. This devastated me,and frankly,I became quite depressed.I vowed that somehow I would try to speak to Mel.One day,my phone rang.Mel was calling from the Yankee locker room.I asked him to tell me everything about his treatment.He spent 30 minutes generously explaining all the details.I hung on every word.He told me how well he was feeling and ended the conversation by giving me his home phone number! “I feel great,and I’m not retiring,” he told me. This incredible experience lifted my spirits.Every time I saw Mel during games on TV as I awaited my transplant,I repeated to myself,“Look at Mel.If he can do it,so can I.” 4.Why did the author say he was lucky in Paragraph 1? A.He joined a famous team. B.He met an unusual coach. C.He was successfully cured. D.He was chosen as a pitcher. 5.What do we know about the author? A.He was not skilled in pitching. B.He has been a baseball player. C.He called Mel for his treatment. D.He forgot what Mel had told him. 6.What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to? A.Thrilled but inspired. B.Ruined but rescued. C.Excited and relieved. D.Shocked and upset. 7.What made the author confident in his transplant? A.The same doctors’ treating him. B.His determination of never retiring. C.Mel’s experience and encouragement. D.His experience of defeating the disease.