考点十九 过去将来时
常见考法：
对于过去将来时的考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在
考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去将来时，以及如何正确使用。过去将来时多用于宾语从句中。
过去将来时的含义
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间
接引语中。如：
I didn’t know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。
She didn’t tell me where she would go.
她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.
贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。
过去将来时基本构成
同一般将来时，把系动词 be 变为过去式，把 will，shall 变为过去式。句型如下：
肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形+其他
主语+would（should）+动词原形+其他
否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形+其他
主语+would（should）not+动词原形 +其他
疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
Would（Should）+主语+动词原形+其他
过去将来时的表达
1. ＂would + 动词原形＂。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。如：
He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。
2. ＂was/were + going to + 动词原形＂。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。如：
She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。
3. was/were about to
I couldn’t go to Tom’s birthday party as I was about to go to hospital.
我不能参加汤姆的生日会，因为我要去医院。
4. was/were to
这些形式可以表示曾在过去预计发生并且发生了的事，或者表示过去无法预见的结果，常用在间接引
语的宾语从句。如：
Little did they know they were to be reunited ten years later.
他们不会知道十年后他们将会重逢。学科@网
5. come，go，leave，arrive，start 等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was going to go shopping.
她告诉我她要去购物。
6. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：
I didn’t know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.
我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.
老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。
7. 过去将来时态中的否定形式。如：
The radio broadcast said that it was not going to snow tomorrow.
电台广播说明天不会下雪。
He explained that he was not going to take part in the sports meeting.
他解释说他将不参加运动会。
过去将来时的基本用法
1. 表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引
语中。如：
I didn’t know if he would come.
我不知道他是否会来。（指过去不知道。）
She told us that she would not go with us, if it rained.
她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。
It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟，太阳即将落山。
In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.
在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。
2. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用 would。如：
When I worked on a farm, I used to get up at 5 a.m.
我在农场劳动时，总是早上 5 点钟起床。
Most often we would find him lying on a couch, reading.
我们经常看到他躺在一张长沙发上看书。
在该用法中，有时也可用 used to 代替 would，但是当表示过去的状态或今昔对比时，只能用 used to。
如：
She used to be a thin girl, but now she’s on the fatty side.
她曾是个苗条女孩，但现在却变得很胖。
3. 表示主观打算、计划要做的事情或根据过去的某种迹象做出的推测，用 was/were going to + 动词原
形表示。如：
Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.
上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。
五、过去将来时与一般将来时的比较
一般将来时是表示从现在看来将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则是表示从过去看来将要发生的情况，
所以从理论上说，只要把＂考查＂的时间从现在移到过去，那么一般将来时的用法就变成了过去将来时的
用法。
He says that he won’t lend me a penny. 他说他一便士都不愿借给我。
He said that he wouldn’t lend me a penny. 他说过他一便士都不愿借给我。
Tom says that he will never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。
Tom said that he would never get married. 汤姆说过他永远不结婚。
过去将来时典型错例分析
1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。
误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去
将来时态。
2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。
误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。
误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析：过去将来时可以由＂助动词 should/would+动词原形＂构成，但 should 一般只用于第一人称。而
would 可用于各种人称。
5. 上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。
误：Last time I saw you, you had started to go to Tibet by train.
正：Last time I saw you, you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.
析：last time 是一般过去时或过去将来时的显著标志。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.
4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.
5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.
6. I wasn’t sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.
7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight.
8. Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work.
1. （2015 • 上海）Tim told us that his company _________ robots to do some of the work.
A. uses B. will use C. has used D. would use
2. （2018 • 绥化中考）He asked me _________.
A. if I would go skating with him
B. when did I buy the CD
C. that I had a good time
1. Li Ming said he __________ happy if Brian __________ to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come
C. would be; came D. will be; come
2. Jenny said she __________ her holiday in China.
A. spent B. would spent
C. was going to spent D. would spend
3. —What did your son say in the letter?
—He told me that he __________ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited
C. is going to visit D. would visit
4. I hoped Tina __________ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming
5. Father said that he __________ me to Beijing the next year.
A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take
6. We were not sure whether they __________ more vegetables.
A. are going to grow B. were going to grow
C. will grow D. have grown
7. She __________ to work when the telephone rang.
A. is going B. will go
C. was about to go D. is to go
8. —The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.
—Well, he said he __________ here on time.
A. came B. would come C. can be D. will be
9. As soon as the baby saw her mother, she __________.
A. was going to cry B. cried C. began to cry D. was crying
跟踪训练
1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow
5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would help
真题再现
1. D【解析】句意：蒂姆告诉过我，他的公司将会使用机器人做一部分工作。宾语从句要用陈述语序，如果
主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态，如果主句是过去时态，从句也要用相应的过去时态。这
里主句是过去时态，根据句意可知从句动作还没有发生，因此要用过去将来时，故选 D。
点睛：关于宾语从句，应注意：
1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主从句是一体的。
2. 时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应，包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：①I don’t know
when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
②He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去
进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
①The children didn’t know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句
时态都用一般现在时。
模拟检测
1—5 CDDDB 6—9 BCBAC
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