中考英语考点一遍过考点23 被动语态

命题趋势： 动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知 识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。 中考考查重点： 1. 被动语态的句型； 2. 被动语态的各种时态形式； 3. 被动语态的用法； 4. 主动语态变被动语态； 5. 主动形式表示被动意义。 被动语态 考向一：被动语态的句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 ( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过 去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分 词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主 语 + 过 去 分 词 (+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要 拆毁这座桥? 考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主 语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 主 语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过 去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你 回来。 When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？ 现在进行时 主 语 + am/is/am + being + 过去分词 + 其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因 为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。 过去进行时 主 语 + was/were + being + 过 去 分 词 + 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经 过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。学#科网 现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经 推迟到下周五了吗？ 过去完成时 主 语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经 有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新 旅馆已经建好了。 情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其 他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天 量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成 蒸气。 考向三：被动语态的用法 用法 例句 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是 2005 年出版的。 强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望 学校。 当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的 执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不 要吵闹。 句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是 来自新西兰的一位教授。 考向四：主动语态变被动语态 说明 例句 含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动 词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的 主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形 式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作 的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语 （人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. → Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时， 可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为 被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当 直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介 词 to 或 or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句 的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简 称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定 式符号 to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓 语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被 动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 考向五：主动形式表示被动意义 情况 例句 说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式 表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell， teach，wash，write 等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容 易切。 表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动 意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound 等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动 意义，如：need，want，require，worth 等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组： be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 被动语态记忆口诀 被动语态强调＂宾＂，用 be 加上＂过去分＂。 ＂be＂要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。 ＂行为对象＂作主语，逻辑主语＂by＂来引。 原句若是双宾语，一变＂主＂来一保＂宾＂。 ＂间宾＂要把主语变，原来＂直宾＂还是＂宾＂。 ＂直宾＂要把主语变，＂间宾＂前加＂to＂最称心。 唯有原＂宾＂是＂复合＂，只有变宾要当心。 原句＂宾补＂变＂主补＂，位置不必挪寸分。 情态动词变＂被动＂，情态加 be 加过分。 如若＂情态＂后带 to，变后有 to 才弄准。 ＂短语动词＂变＂被动＂，相当＂及物＂莫疑心。 不过其后＂介＂或＂副＂，变后还得要承认。 一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面哦) 1. It’ s said(据说) that the long bridge ______________（build）in two months. 2. Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now. 3. Which language ______________ the most widely ______________（speak）in the world? 4. The lost boy ______________（not find）so far. 5. Last year a large number of trees ______________（cut）down. 6. The students ______________ often ______________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He ______________ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits ______________ (sell) in this shop. 9. —What ______________ knives ______________ (make) of ? —They ______________ (make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine ______________ (take) out of the library? 11. The room ______________ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can’ t ______________ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers ______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes ______________ (sell) well. 15. How long ______________ your uncle ______________ (be) in the city? 16. The food ______________ (smell) delicious. 二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1. Is tea grown in South China?（改为主动语态） ______________ people ______________ tea in South China? 2. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. （同义句转换） A birthday present ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ by my parents every year. 3. The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问) How ______________ ______________ the work going to be finished? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song ______________ ______________ ______________ by the children. 5. You needn’ t do it now. (改为被动语态) It ______________ ______________ ______________ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal ______________ ______________ ______________making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________that for him. 8. They are watching the football match. The football match ______________ ______________ ______________ by them. 9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) ______________ a bridge ______________ here by them a year ago? 10. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses ______________ ______________ ______________ out. 11. We call the game ＂Lianliankan＂. (改为被动语态) The game ______________ ______________ ＂Lianliankan＂ by us. 三、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 ①The new bike ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week. ②______________ your mobile phone ______________ ______________ ______________（是国产的吗）? ③The whole mountain is ______________ ______________ (覆盖) the snow. 四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 ①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight. ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class? ____________ ③Lei Feng’ s name remembered by all Chinese people. ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed? _____________ 1. （2018 • 安徽中考）The weatherman says a rain shower __________ this afternoon in the south. A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected 2. （2018 • 河北中考）Look at the picture. The top five TV plays __________ in it. A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed 3. （2018 • 恩施州中考）If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you __________ by your boss. A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired 4. （2018 • 湖南郴州中考）—Do you know when and where the 24 Winter Olympic Games __________? —In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022. A. is held B. will be held C. will hold 5. （2018 • 徐州中考）The latest mobile phone __________ in China. A. will make B. has made C. is making D. is made 6. （2017 • 安徽中考） Mr. Green __________ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites 7. （2017 • 山东青岛）Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they __________ to drive a car. A. are allowed B. will be allowed C. allow 8. （2017 • 山东泰安）As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese __________ in more and more schools out of our country. A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught 9. （2017 • 湖北省随州市中考）—Your bedroom is so clean. —Of course. It __________ every day A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 10. （2017 • 湖北省宜昌市中考）—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety __________ into use last month. —Can you tell me what they are? A. were putting B. have been put C. were put D. put 11. （2017 • 苏州市中考）—Why hasn’t Tony come? —The invitation letter __________ to Toby by accident A. was emailed B. has emailed C. is emailed D. emailed 12. （2017 • 上海中考）The museum __________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival. A. is decorated B. will decorate C. is decorating D. will be decorated 13. （2017 • 湖北省随州市中考）—Your bedroom is so clean. —Of course. It __________ every day. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 14. （2017 • 吉林省中考）Both Lily and Lucy __________ to the party yesterday, but they didn’t come at all. A. were invited B. was invited C. invited 15. （2016 • 山东菏泽）When you go abroad, you’ll find that so many products in local shops __________ in China. A. make B. have made C. are made 16. （2016 • 湖北黄石）—Why does the earth look blue in space? —Because most of the earth’s surface __________ by water. A. covers B. is covered C. cover D. are covered 17. （2016 • 四川成都）You are not supposed to go to a family patty unless you __________ to in the US. A. are not invited B. are invited C. will be invited 18. （2016 • 海南）Our plan to clean the park __________ tomorrow. A. Discusses B. will discuss C. will be discussed 19. （2016 • 江西）I plan to build an unusual house. It __________ out of old things. A. is built B. has built C. was built D. will be built 20. （2016 • 重庆）Students do less homework now. Usually it __________ before 9 o’ clock in the evening. A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished 1.（广东省东莞市智升学校 2019 届第一学期第三次月考）Students __________ to read the text carefully before they answered the questions. A. ask B. asked C. are asked D. were asked 2. （福建省 2018 届初三第二次模拟考试）—Excuse me, when can we play basketball on the playground? —Not until the playground __________ next week. A. will repair B. will be repaired C. is repaired 3. （安徽省马鞍山市 2018 届九年级第二学期二模）Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge __________ already. However, we don’t know what time it will be open to traffic. A. is built B. was built C. will be built D. has been built 4. （安徽著名重点中学 2018 届九年级领航中考冲刺试卷）—I can’t hear any sound in Tony’s room. Is he in? —Oh, I forget to tell you. He __________ to attend his friend’s birthday party two hours ago. A. has invited B. was invited C. will be invited D. has been invited 5. （2018 河北邯郸市中考英语第一次模拟）Animals __________ as our good friends because they help us a lot. A. treat B. are treated C. treated D. were treated 6. （2018 届上海市黄浦区中考英语二模）It is reported that the ticket prices for key tourist sites in our country __________ soon. A. have reduced B. were reduced C. have reduced D. will be reduced 7.（宁夏（北塔中学）2018 届九年级下学期模拟）Paper __________ by Cai Lun in China about 2000 years ago. A. can be invented B. is invented C. will be invented D. was invented 8. （天津市东丽区 2018 届九年级中考第二次模拟）—Look! The tree is growing well. When __________? —Three years ago. A. will it be planted B. did it plant C. was it planted D. is it planted 9.（河南省信阳市第九中学 2018 届九年级下学期最后一次模拟）The 24th Winter Olympic Games __________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th. A. is going to hold B. hold C. will be held D. is held 10. （福建省龙岩市 2018 适应性练习）—Li Hong, football __________ to our school subjects next term. —Great! It’s my favorite. I can’t wait. A. was added B. is added C. will be added 【跟踪训练】 一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面哦) 1. will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’ t been found 5. were cut 6. are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9. are made , are made 10. be taken 11. is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1. Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung 5. needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called 三、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 ① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with 四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 ①be done 改为 do ② listened 改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered ④ is sounded 改为 sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom 【真题再现】 1. C【解析】句意：天气预报员说今天下午在南方有望下阵雨。根据 a rain shower 和 expect 之间是被动关 系，所以用被动语态，排除 A/B；根据 this afternoon 可知是一般现在时态；故选 C。 3. C【解析】句意：如果你在厨房里被抓到吸烟，你就会被老板开除。你只能＂被开除＂，所以需要使用被 动语态 be done，如果主句是将来时，那么 if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，这是主将从 现的用法，本题中从句是说如果被抓到抽烟的话，用了一般现在时，那么主句用一般将来时，表示＂ 你将会被开除＂，所以用一把将来时的被动语态，will be done，故选 C。 4. B【解析】句意：——你知道 24 届冬奥会什么时候在哪里举行吗？——2022 年在北京和张家口。根据 the 24 Winter Olympic Games 和 hold 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据 in 2022.可知是将来时态； 故选 B。 5. D【解析】句意：最新的手机是在中国制造的。will make 将会制造，一般将来时态；has made 现在完成 时态；is making 现在进行时态；is made 一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，这句话的主语 The latest mobile phone 与谓语动词 make 之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，选项中只有 D 是被动形式，所以 选 D。 6. A【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：格林先生在派对上被邀请唱了一首英语歌，并且他唱得非常好。 A. was invited 被邀请，被动结构；B. invited 邀请，过去式；C. is invited 被动结构，一般现在时；D. invites 第三人称单数形式。根据 he sang well.可知用过去时态，再根据主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所 以用被动语态的过去时态，故选 A。学#科网 7. A【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：青少年在允许开车前不得不达到十八岁。are allowed 被动语态的 一般现在时；C. will be allowed 被动语态的一般将来时；D. allow 一般现在时。根据主语和谓语动词 之间的动宾关系，可知用被动语态，结合句意，可知表示一般情况，故选 A。 9. C【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——你的卧室真干净。——当然，它每天都被打扫。根据 every day 句 子应该用一般现在时，句子的主语 it 与谓语动词 clean 之间是被动关系，故选 C。 10. C【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：——上个月，有不少新的食品安全法规出台了。——你能告诉 我它们是什么吗？这个题目旨在考查动词的被动语态，句子的主语 Quite a few new laws and rules 与 put 之间是被动关系，故排除 A 和 D 选项，根据 last month 这个表过去时间的短语，故排除 B 选项。 故选 C。 11. A【解析】考查动词的时态及语态。句意：——托尼为什么还没来？——邀请函偶然地通过电子邮件发 送给托比。A. was emailed 被邮寄，过去式的被动语态；B. has emailed 已邮寄； C. is emailed 被邮寄， 现在式的被动语态；D. emailed 邮寄，一般过去时。The invitation letter 是物，应用被动语态，邀请 函已发故用过去式，因此选 A。 12. D【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：为庆祝即将举行的科学技术节，这个博物馆下个月就要装修。 根据题意，博物馆下个月要进行装修，属于打算，应该用一般将来时，排除 A 和 C 选项。同时，博 物馆是＂被装修＂，要用 decorate 的被动语态，即 be decorated，而 B 是主动式，可排除。故选 D。 13. C 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——你的卧室真干净。——当然，它每天都被打扫。根据 every day 句子应该用一般现在时，句子的主语 it 与谓语动词 clean 之间是被动关系，故选 C。 14. A【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：昨天李丽和露西都被邀请去参加聚会，但是他们都没有去。A. were invited 被邀请，用于复数的主语； B. was invited 用于单数主语； C. invited 是过去式。因为句子的主语 Both Lily and Lucy 是复数，并且与谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以用 were invited 被邀请，故选 A。 15. C【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：当你去国外时，你会在当地商店里看到那么多中国制造的商品。主 语 products 是谓语动词 make 的承受者，句子用被动语态，故选 C。 17. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在美国如果你不被邀请，你不应该参加家庭聚会。Unless 引导的条件 状语从句，主句将来时或有情态动词，从句用一般现代时。故选 B。 18. C【解析】考查动词的时态及语态的用法。句意：打扫公园的计划将在明天被讨论。根据 tomorrow 可知， 句子应该用一般将来时，句子的主语 plan 与 discuss 之间是被动关系。故选 C。 19. D【解析】考查动词的时态及语态。句意：我计划建一座与众不同的房子，所建造的房子会推陈出新。 根据 plan 可知，计划要做的事情，当然句子用一般将来时，句子是主语 it 指房子，it 与 build 之间是 被动关系。所以用将来时的被动语态。故选 D。 20. C【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：学生现在做较少的家庭作业。通常在晚上九点前就可以完 成。在该句中的 it 指代上文中的 homework，它是动词 finish 的承受者，该用被动语态。根据 usually 可知该用一般现在时。所以选 C。 【模拟检测】 1. D【解析】句意：学生们被要求在回答问题之前仔细阅读课文。考查一般过去时的被动语态。A. ask 动词 原形；B. asked 动词过去式；C. are asked 一般现在时的被动语态；D. were asked 一般过去时的被动语 态。根据题干可知主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，即学生们是被要求去仔细阅读课文，所以应用 被动语态，故排除 A、B 选项；由句中的 answered 可知是一般过去时态，所以排除 C 选项；故选 D。 2. C【解析】句意：——对不起，我们什么时候可以在操场上打篮球？——直到下周操场修好。will repair 将 会修理；will be repaired 将会被修理；is repaired 被修理。这里 until 引导的是时间状语从句，需要遵 循“主将从现”原则，本句主句已省略，从句使用一般现在时 is repaired“被修理”，故选 C。 3. D【解析】句意：香港——珠海——澳门大桥已经被建成了。然而，我们不知道它将在什么时候开始通车。 根据 already 可知此处用现在完成时，故选 D。 4. B【解析】句意：——在 Tony 的房间我听不到任何声音，他在里面吗？——哦，我忘了告诉你，他两个 小时之前被邀请参加朋友的生日聚会了。has invited 现在完成时，邀请；was invited 一般过去时的被 动语态；will be invited 一般将来时的被动语态；has been invited 现在完成时的被动语态。根据句中的 时间状语 two hours ago 可知，这里说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，排除 A 和 D。句子的主 语 He 与动词构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故选 B。 5. B【解析】句意：动物被当作我们的好朋友来对待，因为他们能帮助我们很多。treat 对待，动词原形；are treated 一般现在时的被动语态；treated 对待，过去式；were treated 一般过去时的被动语态。根据句 中 because they help us a lot 可知，这句话用的是一般现在时态，排除 C 和 D；根据句意可知，主语 Animals 和动词 treat 构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故应选 B。 8. C【解析】句意：看，这棵树长得很好，它是什么时候被种上的。主语是 it 指的是树，和 plant 之间有被 动关系，所以要用被动语态，be + 过去分词，又因植树发生在过去，所以一般过去时的被动语态， was planted 故选 C。 9. C【解析】句意：第 24 届冬奥会将于 2022 年 2 月 4 日至 20 日在北京和张家口举行。考查一般将来时的 被动语态。由句中的 in 2022 可知时态用一般将来时，分析题干可知本句的主语 The 24th Winter Olympic Games 是动作 hold 的承受者，所以应用被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态构成为：主语+will be+动词过去分词，hold 的过去分词是 held，故选 C。 10. C【解析】句意：——李红，下个学期足球就会增加成为我们的学校学科了。——太好了！这是我最喜 欢的学科，我已经迫不及待了。根据 next term 可知，用一般将来时，且主语 football 与 add 之间为被 动，故选 C。学#科网