中考英语考点一遍过考点62 书面表达之观点看法类

一般来说，观点看法类文章的内在逻辑关系十分清晰，它除了考查考生的英文基础，还考查考生的逻 辑能力。具体来说就是上下文的衔接过渡和文章层次的体现。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡性的词 和短语来完成，在修辞中称为＂启、承、转、合＂。＂启＂就是开头，＂承＂就是承接，＂转＂是转折，＂ 合＂是综合或总结。 1. 用于表示＂启＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落或文章的开头。此类过渡性的词和短语有 first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to begin with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, lately 等。 2. 用于表示＂承＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中。此类过渡性的词和短语有 second, in addition, besides, then, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, for example, certainly, obviously, in other words, still, at the same time, no doubt 等。 3. 用于表示＂转＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中。此类过渡性的词和短语有 but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, while, despite, in spite of 等。 4. 用于＂合＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中。过渡性词和短语有 in a word, in short, above all, after all, finally, therefore, as a result, on the whole, in summary 等。 总之，要做好书面表达，需要大家把握以下几个原则：细读提示，抓要点：选择句型，准表达；确定 线索，巧组合；适当发挥，保完整；规范书写，争高分；细查全文，除笔误。 一、写作方法——十句作文法 第一段为开头，包括两句。第一句为主题句，提出问题并通过问题点明全文主题；第二句为扩展句， 进一步说明和支持主题句。另外，也可调整两句的顺序，由第一句说明情况，第二句提出问题。 第二段为正文，共七句。第一句为主题句，提出本段的主题，它应与第一段的主题相一致。第二句至 第七句为扩展句，说明和支持本段的主题。句与句之间要注意运用好过渡词，以使行文流畅。 第三段为结尾，简化为一句，是对全文的总结，并说明作者自己的观点。 三段之间的衔接要灵活运用＂启、承、转、合＂的过渡手段。学！科网 二、应急百宝箱 遇到要点不会表达怎么办？词数不达标怎么办？不要急，＂一代，五加，一扩＂帮你轻松解决问题。＂一 代，五加，一扩＂具体说来就是： 1. 以实代虚——写实 2. 增加限定语——定语、状语等 3. 增加例子——for example, such as[来源:Z.Com] 4. 增加原因——进一步说明 5. 加套语（词块） 6. 加格言、谚语等——进一步说明 7. 扩充建议——自主发挥，点到即可 三、注意事项 1. 观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点——主题。 2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。 3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。 4. 通常采用一般现在时。 5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。 一、开头句型 As far as ...is concerned It goes without saying that... It can be said with certainty that... As the proverb says ... It has to be noticed that... I t’s generally recognized that... It’s likely that ... It’s hardly too much to say that... What calls for special attention is that... 需要特别注意的是 There’s no denying the fact that... 毫无疑问，无可否认 Nothing is more important than the fact that... What’s far more important is that... 二、衔接句型 A case in point is ... As is often the case... As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore... 然而问题并非如此简单，所以…… But it’s a pity that... For all that...In spite of the fact that... Further, we hold opinion that... However, the difficulties in... Similarly, we should pay attention to... not (that)...but (that)... 不是……而是…… In view of the present station... 鉴于目前形势 As has been mentioned above... 综上所述 In this respect, we many as well (say)... 从这个角度上我们可以说…… However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即…… 三、结尾句型 I will conclude by saying... Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... All things considered 总而言之 It may be safely said that... Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable... It can be concluded from the discussion that... 从中我们可以得出这样的结论 From my point of view, it would be better if... 在我看来……也许更好 四、万能句型 Let’s take...to illustrate this. 试举例以兹证明 Let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this. It remains to be further studied... There’s question is how... 观点看法类作文的整体结构有一定的模式可循，可以先写对比的一方面，再写另外一方 面；也可以将对比的两个方面的不同点——比较着写。 对比观点看法类作文的写作摸板 The topic of 主题 is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of 理由一 . What’s more, 理由二 . Moreover, 理由三 . While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. First, 理由一 . Second(Besides), 理由二 . Third(Finally), 理由三 . From my point of view, I think 我的观点 . The reason is that 原因 . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former (later) is surely a wise choice. （一） 随着手机功能日益增多，越来越多的年轻人沉迷于手机娱乐活动，成为＂手机控＂一族。假定你是某 校学生，请根据以下提示写一篇短文，向某英文报社投稿，谈谈你对该现象的看法和建议。 ＂手机控＂的表现 沉迷于手机娱乐活动(聊天、看电影等)，与朋友和家人 的交流减少，离开手机会有焦虑症等异常情绪表 现…… ＂手机控＂的危害 对健康不利，影响学习…… 你的建议 …… 参考词汇：手机控 a phone freak；焦虑 anxious(adj.)；沉迷于 be addicted to 注意：1. 内容须包括所提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 80 词左右。[来源:Z*xx*k.Com] ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） 学校最近以＂学生做作业时是否应该在网上找答案？＂为题做了一个调查。调查发现一些学生赞成， 但许多学生反对。请根据调查情况和下列表格中的要点提示，以＂Think before you search online＂为题用英 语写一篇作文。 赞成者 反对者 你自己 观点 1.做题 2.别人 3.时间 1.于提升能力 2.于思维发展 （至少 2 点） 注意：1. 内容须包括所提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 80 词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 Think before you search online Some students now have a new use for the Internet — helping them with their homework. But different people have different ideas about it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） 亲爱的同学，你生活中有烦恼、学习有压力吗？那我们应该如何正确面对烦恼，有效缓解心理压力呢？ 请根据提示以＂How to solve our stress＂为题写一篇英语短文。 提示：1. 积极参加体育锻炼，有一个健康的身体。 2. 多与老师、家长和朋友交谈， 说出自己的烦恼。 3. 多听听音乐，多看看书。 4. 尽自己最大努力学习，勇敢面对自己的成绩。 5. 如果经常压力太大，可以去看医生。 要求：1. 内容包括所提供的信息及要点，可适当发挥，但不要逐条翻译；[来源:学*科*网] 2. 不得透露考生姓名、学校等信息。 3. 80 词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 How to solve our stress We all have some problems and in our lives. How should we solve them? _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （一）（2018 • 山东青岛） 现在，中学生在校内能保证一定时间的运动量，但在校外普遍缺少运动甚至不运动。请就此现象写一 篇短文，谈谈你的看法。内容包括： 1. 缺少运动甚至不运动的原因； 2. 缺少运动甚至不运动对学生的影响； 3. 针对这种现象提出合理的改善建议。 要求：1. 词数：80—100（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 文中不得出现真实的校名和人名。 参考词汇：be short of 缺少 Many students are short of exercise in their spare time now ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） （2017﹒山东泰安）如今，很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式――共享单车（bike-sharing），它因环 保、便捷而备受青睐，但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据提示以＂Bike-sharing＂为题写一篇英语短文， 表达自己的看法和建议。 要点提示： Advantages Be convenient, less pollution, reduce the traffic pressure（减缓交通压力） Take exercise… Problems Throw away, damage（毁损）, be stolen… Advice Civilized（文明的）, follow the rules, take good care of… 注意： 1. 短文应包括以上要点，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯； 2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名； 3. 词数：80—100（文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 Bike-sharing Today, as a greener means of transportation, bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） （2017﹒浙江绍兴）某英语教育网站正在开展主题为＂How can a teenager have a successful life?＂的讨 论，为此你采访了一些同学（结果见下表）。请用英语写一篇短文参与讨论，并阐述你的观点。 同学主要观点 你的观点  努力学习  尊重父母  服务社会  计划未来 ……（至少两条） 注意：（1）短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节； （2）你的观点至少两条； （3）词数：80—100； （4）短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：尊重 respect I have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （四） （2017﹒江苏南京）KIDS HAVE AN OPINION TOO! Hi! I’m Sigmund Friend, the editor (编辑) of a new magazine KIDVOICE. We like hearing from kids. We know you’ve got things to say. We want to hear from you. Here is a topic you might have an opinion about... 注意： 1. 对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥。 2. 词数 80 左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 Kids and Learning All kids want to be good at learning. __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （一） （河南省汝州实验中学 2018 届九年级模拟）请根据提示写一篇题为＂The Population Problem＂ 的短文。（80 词左右） 提示：1.人口问题是当今世界上最大的问题之一； 2.中国是世界上人口最多的国家； 3.如果人口增长过快，将会带来许多严重问题（请举例说明） ； 4.我们应继续执行计划生育政策，以控制人口增长。 要求：文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。 The Population Problem ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） （重庆市南川三校联盟 2018 届九年级期中）好的环境能使我们高兴和舒适，改善了环境就意味着改善 我们的生活。平时我们应该多种花草和树，别乱扔垃圾，看见垃圾应该把它扔进垃圾箱；别随地吐痰，购 物时最好用布袋代替塑料袋，应该记住 3Rs，尽自己所能去保护环境，成为一个环保者。[来源:学+科+网] 根据以上信息，以＂How to Protect the Environment ＂为题写一篇 80 词左右的短文。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） （云南民族大学附属中学 2018 届九年级期中）＂无规矩不成方圆＂，我们学校有很多规章制度，如课 堂规则、食堂就餐规则、宿舍晚就寝规则等，请以＂My School Rules＂为题写一篇文章，介绍一下我们学 校的规则，并谈谈你对这些规则的看法。 要求： 1. 注意紧扣主题，意思连贯，语言通顺，书写规范； 2. 不得使用真实姓名和校名，如需使用名字，请用 Mike，Gina 等英文名字，校名统一用 Guangming Middle School； 3. 词数不少于 60。 My School Rules ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 跟踪训练 （一） 【参考范文】 Today，many people，especially young people，are phone freaks. They are addicted to playing mobile phones. They often use phones to chat with others, watch movies, play games, listen to music or take photos and so on. In fact, they will be anxious without phones. However, it does harm to their study. Because they spend too much time playing with phones. They can’t have a good rest. They don’t have time to do their homework. They can’t get good grades. In my opinion, we must use it in a right way. If we take it to school, we mustn’t use it during the class. And remember that study is our first work. （二） 【思路导航】 本文是一篇话题作文，题目是 Think before you search online。主要根据调查情况写一篇调查报告，并写 出自己观点。考生首先要认真阅读提示,认真审题，根据提示，确定文章的中心。注意人称和时态。尽量使 用熟悉句型，使用简单句式，同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性，提示词需用 上。温馨提醒：考生必须认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。 【参考范文】 Think before you search online Some students now have a new use for the Internet — helping them with their homework. But different people have different ideas about it. Some students agree with it. They sometimes don’t know the answers to the problems, so they have to turn to the Internet, They think they can learn from other people. At the same time, it’s easy and it saves time. However, not all the students welcome this. Many students think simply copying the answers won’t improve their abilities and it may make students stop thinking. I think students should first think over the problems by themselves. If we use the Internet properly, it could be a good way to study. 【亮点说明】 这是一篇优秀的作文。上下文意思连贯，用词准确、句子通顺，注意人称和时态。文中使用 so，at the same time, however 等连词，使文章表达更有条理性。写作内容包括表格中所有提示词和提示内容。这篇文章语 言规范，叙事清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，语句通顺，意思连贯，是一篇不错的文章。学！科网 （三） 【参考范文】 How to solve our stress We all have some problems and stress in our lives. How should we solve them? Firstly, we should take more part in exercise. Sports can help us to have a healthier body and study better. Secondly, we need to talk with our teachers, parents and friends, try to tell them our trouble. They may give us some useful advice. Thirdly, we can also listen to music and read books. It’s a good way to relax ourselves. Fourthly, we should try our best to study hard and learn to face our grades bravely. Fifthly, if we have too much stress, we’d better see a doctor. 真题再现 （一） Many students are short of exercise in their spare time now. They think doing exercise can affect their studies. Therefore they have less time to study. Doing sports is good for their health. A person who takes exercises regularly will keep fit. In the school, students are forced to take exercise in the PE class, they need to join certain activities. In this way, students live in a healthy lifestyle, they won’t get sick easily. But after they leaving school, no one forces them to do so, so they are lazy to take exercise so that their bodies get weaker. I think students should take exercise every day outside the school. In a word, exercise is helpful, important and absolutely necessary. 【名师点评】话题作文写出的句子要达意，完整，语法正确，合乎习惯，特别是句式，谓语动词形式 要有根有据，选用比较有把握的词汇，用恰当的句型写出确切反映内容要求的句子。英语作文要注意人称 和时态，注意提供的观点、材料，要注意句子的完整性，谓语动词的正确形式，句子之间的衔接和过渡。 英语作文，要忠实于材料，不必扩展，注意用好连词，多用非谓语，慎用较难的句型，一定不能写错句。 （二） 【参考范文】 Today, as a greener means of transportation, bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities. It’s known that it has many advantages. So it’s enjoyed by lots of people. First of all, it’s very convenient for people to go somewhere. Also, it helps to reduce the traffic pressure. There will be less pollution because of bike-sharing. Besides, bike-sharing helps people take more exercise. In this way, it’s helpful to people’s health. However, it also brings some problems. For example, some people throw them away after using bikes. Even some people damage them, and some bikes are stolen. In my opinion, everyone should try to be civilized and follow the rules of using bikes. As long as we take good care of bikes, it will make our life better and better, and our environment will be more beautiful. 【亮点说明】 这篇短文内容丰富，表达了所有要点，语言表达准确，意思连贯，符合逻辑。在短文中使用了大量的 复合句，固定句式，连词及固定短语，为文章增色，如：It’s known that it has many advantages.，First of all, it’s very convenient for people to go somewhere.，In this way, However, it also brings some problems. For example, In my opinion,等。 （三） 【参考范文】 I have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life. Most students believe it’s necessary to study hard. After all, study plays a key role in their life. They also agree they should respect their parents, who look after them every day. Besides, they’re ready to serve the society and in their opinion it’s really meaningful. What’s more, they think each teenager is supposed to make a good plan for future. From my point of view, we need to make some good friends so that we can learn from each other. Also, we must be active and exercise more to keep healthy because it’s important to a successful life. 【亮点说明】 短文用了一些短语和句式，如：do a survey about sth 关于某事做调查；respect their parents 尊敬他们的 父母；look after 照顾；make a good plan for sth 为某事做一个好的计划；make some good friends 交一些好朋 友；keep healthy 保持健康。用了宾语从句，如：Most students believe it’s necessary to study hard. What’s more, they think each teenager is supposed to make a good plan for future.用了 because 引导的原因状语从句，如：Also, we must be active and exercise more to keep healthy because it’s important to a successful life.增加了文章的亮 点，也是提分的经典句子。 （四） 【思路导航】 本文属于图画作文，主要写一篇关于孩子和学习的作文。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上 下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。学！科网 【参考范文】 Kids and Learning All kids want to be good at learning. Some children are good at learning ，but some children are good at playing，and they are not good at learning，why？This is because some children know how to balance learning and studying. First，just as the saying goes ＂All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy＂，a good learner should know to play properly，if he or she plays happily，he will try to learning well. Besides，all learning decrease the interest of study. Second，students should make a proper time list，and try to follow the list. Last，parents and teachers should give tips to the students so that students can have a good knowledge of the study. Al l in all，only when we balance the relation between playing and learning，can we be good at learning. As a middle school student. I think we should read more books. Reading is good for our physical and mental health. Let’s be active readers and enjoy reading. [ 【名师点睛】 写作时可以从以下几个方面做起： 认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。 构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是 开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。 初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性 以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔 接自然。 修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法 结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。 模拟检测 （一） 【参考范文】 The Population Problem The population is one of the biggest problems in the world today. China has the largest population with 1.3 billion. It’s about one fifth of the world’s population. A large population causes many difficulties, not only for every family, but also for t he whole nation. It has become a serious problem. In many less developed areas, some parents prefer boys to girls. As a result, many girls can’t go to school. I think we should do something to control the population. One answer is known as the one-child policy. It has worked well in controlling China’s population. 【亮点说明】 这是一篇优秀的作文。上下文意思连贯，用词准确、句子通顺，注意人称和时态，使用一般现在时和 现在完成时。覆盖了所有信息，无拼写错误及标点误用，词数符合要求。 （二） 【思路导航】 这是一篇材料作文。根据提示内容可知用一般现在时，按照提示内容逐条进行回答，同时还应注意写 作中要有适当性的发挥。 【参考范文】 How to Protect the Environment Good environment can make people feel happy and comfortable. If we improve our environment, that will mean we can improve our living conditions. So the environment is important for all of us. I think we should do something we can to make our environment better. For example, we mustn’t throw rubbish here and there. If we find rubbish, we should pick it up and throw it into the dustbin. We should also plant more trees to make our planet green. What’s more, we mustn’t spit everywhere. While shopping, we’d better use cloth bags instead of plastic ones. We should remember 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and try our best to protect the environment to become a environmentalist. In this way, we can have a better and greener earth to live in. 【亮点说明】 这篇习作的层次清晰，内容饱满，表达流畅。文中使用了非常好的短语，例如 be important for all of us， make our environment better，for example，here and there，pick it up，instead of，try our best，in this way 等。 而 If we improve our environment, that will mean we can improve our living conditions. / I think we should do something we can to make our environment better./ If we find rubbish, we should pick it up and throw it into the dustbin.等多种从句的运用更是为文章增色不少，是本篇习作的亮点。 （三） 【参考范文】 My School Rules My school has many school rules for the students to follow. First, in class, when having a lesson, we can’t make any noise and should listen to the teacher carefully. We can’t chat or eat something in class. We shouldn’t be late for class. Second, for eating meals, we should go to the school canteen and wait in line while buying. We shouldn’t jump the line and spit in public. Third, in dormitory, we are not allowed to be absent for the whole night. We must turn off the lights on time and go to sleep instead of talking so much, which can affect others. I think all the rules are good for us to have a good order in school. They can make us study our lessons better. We should obey the school rules.