1
名 词 复 数 规 则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4. 以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,(但有一个特例:roof→roofs)。
如: knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves
5. 以“o”结尾的单词,如果有生命,加-es;如果没有生命,加-s。
如:①有生命:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes
hero-heroes Negro- Negroes
②没生命:radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos
6. 不规则名词的复数变化:
(一)完全不规则:
man-men
woman-women
policeman-policemen
policewoman-policewomen
mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
(二)单数复数词形相同:
fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer
people-people
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese 2
小练习:
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 3
2 一 般 现 在 时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be 动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.
玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be 动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesn't 构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play. 4
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
动词+s 的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 5
一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 6
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
_______________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
_______________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
_______________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
四、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 7
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 8
3 现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现
阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
疑问词不达意 + be + 动词 ing?
动词加 ing 的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加 ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加 ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing,如:
run-running, stop-stopping 9
现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 10
3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_______________________________________________________
4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_______________________________________________________ 11
4 一 般 将 来 时
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有
以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)
等。
二、基本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do.
三、否定句:在 be 动词(am, is, are)l 后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 won’t。
例如:I ’m going to have a picnic this afternoon. → I ’m not going to have a picnic this
afternoon.
四、一般疑问句: be 或 will 提到句首,some 改为 any, and 改为 or,第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this
weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York
soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to
bed?
六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 12
将来时练习:
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______
______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 13
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He
______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and
____________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She
______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a
farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now 14
5 一 般 过 去 时 Part A
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语
连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有 was 或 were 的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样,即否定句在 was 或
were 后加 not,一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。
3.句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加 did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?
如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是 e 加 d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再
加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变 y 为 i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came,
have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, 15
draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
一般过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be 动词的过去时练习
一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、句型转换
1. It was exciting.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 16
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、用 be 动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s
Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型转换
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
四、中译英
1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
___________________________________________________________
2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
___________________________________________________________ 17
3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
行为动词的过去时练习(1)
一、用行为动词的适当形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
二、句型转换
1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
2. Nancy went to school early.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
3. We sang some English songs.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、用动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 18
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a
beautiful butterfly.
四、句型转换
1. They played football in the playground.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、中译英
1. 格林先生去年住在中国。
________________________________________________________
2. 昨天我们参观了农场。
________________________________________________________
3. 他刚才在找他的手机。
________________________________________________________ 19
过去时练习
一、 用动词的适当形式填空
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
二、中译英
1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。
_________________________________________________________
2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗?是的。
________________________________________________________
3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。
_________________________________________________________
4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。
_________________________________________________________20
6 形容词和副词的比较级
一、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带
有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主
格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加 er 的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加 er ;
⑵以字母 e 结尾,加 r ;
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 er ;
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把 y 变 i,再加 er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有 be 用形,有形用 be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther) 21
形容词副词比较级练习
一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
old__________ young________ tall_______ long________
short________ strong________ big________ small_______
fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________
nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________
low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________
late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______
二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:
1. My brother is two years __________ (old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________ (fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________ (young) than you? Yes, she is.
4. Who is ___________ (thin), you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________ (big), yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________ (long) as Lucy’s.
7. Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9. Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11. Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12. Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13._____the girls get up_______ (early) than the boys? No, they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
三)、翻译句子:22
1、谁比 Jim 年纪大?是你。
________ is _________than Jim? ________ are
2、谁比 David 更强壮?是 Gao Shan.
________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________?________is,I think.
4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的? 我的弟弟的。
_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______?
My ____________ ___________.
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。
_________ ________as _________as your uncle? Yes, I am.
6、他和他的朋友 Jim 一样年轻。
He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦。
________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______?
No, _________ _________ than him.
8.Yang Ling 每天睡得比 SuYang 晚。
Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day.
9.我跳得和 Mike 一样远。
I _________ as _______ as Mike.
10.Tom 比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快。
____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____.
11.多做运动,你会更强壮。
________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon.
12.我的科学很好,但是语文不好。
I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.23
13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低。
____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.
14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。
I like_______ .All my______ _______ _______than me.
15.我的姐姐起得比我早。
My _____ _____ up _____than me.
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的。
____the girls ______ ______ ______the boys? Yes, they ____.
17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。
She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好。
___ you ____football _____than your classmates? No, they ____ as____ as me.
19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。
My _____ _____ ______than my ______.
20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。
_____sweater_____ as ______ _as_____.
21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。
My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a_ _____one.
22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)
I'm _________ as ________ as Mike. 2