六年级下英语小升初语法要点详解及练习题
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六年级下英语小升初语法要点详解及练习题

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时间:2020-03-10

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1 名 词 复 数 规 则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4. 以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,(但有一个特例:roof→roofs)。 如: knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves 5. 以“o”结尾的单词,如果有生命,加-es;如果没有生命,加-s。 如:①有生命:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes hero-heroes Negro- Negroes ②没生命:radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos 6. 不规则名词的复数变化: (一)完全不规则: man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth (二)单数复数词形相同: fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 2 小练习: 写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 3 2 一 般 现 在 时 一般现在时基本用法介绍   【No. 1】一般现在时的功能   1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。   2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。   3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。   一般现在时的构成   1. be 动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:   I am a boy.我是一个男孩。   2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:   We study English.我们学习英语。   当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。   一般现在时的变化   1. be 动词的变化。   否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。   如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。   一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。   如:-Are you a student?     -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?   2.行为动词的变化。   否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:   I don't like bread.   当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesn't 构成否定句。如:   He doesn't often play. 4   一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:   - Do you often play football?   - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.   当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如:   - Does she go to work by bike?   - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.   特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work? 动词+s 的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 5 一般现在时用法专练: 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 6 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday. 三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) _______________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _______________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) _______________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 四、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 7 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 8 3 现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现 阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。 5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词 ing? 动词加 ing 的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加 ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加 ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing,如: run-running, stop-stopping 9 现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换: 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 10 3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _______________________________________________________ 4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _______________________________________________________ 11 4 一 般 将 来 时 一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有 以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天) 等。 二、基本结构: ①be going to + do; ②will+ do. 三、否定句:在 be 动词(am, is, are)l 后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 won’t。 例如:I ’m going to have a picnic this afternoon. → I ’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be 或 will 提到句首,some 改为 any, and 改为 or,第一二人称互换。 例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed? 六、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 12 将来时练习: 填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them. 7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句) _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问) ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 13 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now 14 5 一 般 过 去 时 Part A 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语 连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2.Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were not=weren’t) ⑶带有 was 或 were 的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样,即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not,一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。 3.句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加 did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是 e 加 d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再 加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变 y 为 i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, 15 draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 一般过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be 动词的过去时练习 一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、句型转换 1. It was exciting. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 16 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 3. They were in his pocket. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 三、用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 二、句型转换 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 四、中译英 1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 ___________________________________________________________ 2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 ___________________________________________________________ 17 3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 行为动词的过去时练习(1) 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party. 二、句型转换 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 3. We sang some English songs. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 三、用动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 18 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 四、句型转换 1. They played football in the playground. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 三、中译英 1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 ________________________________________________________ 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 ________________________________________________________ 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。 ________________________________________________________ 19 过去时练习 一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday. 二、中译英 1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。 _________________________________________________________ 2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗?是的。 ________________________________________________________ 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。 _________________________________________________________ 4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。 _________________________________________________________20 6 形容词和副词的比较级 一、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带 有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主 格(口语中可用宾格)。 2.形容词加 er 的规则: ⑴一般在词尾加 er ; ⑵以字母 e 结尾,加 r ; ⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 er ; ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把 y 变 i,再加 er 。 3.不规则形容词比较级: good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 二、副词的比较级 1.形容词与副词的区别 (有 be 用形,有形用 be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther) 21 形容词副词比较级练习 一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong________ big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________ nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________ low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________ late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______ 二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式: 1. My brother is two years __________ (old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________ (fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________ (young) than you? Yes, she is. 4. Who is ___________ (thin), you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________ (big), yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as __________ (long) as Lucy’s. 7. Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9. Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11. Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12. Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______ (early) than the boys? No, they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三)、翻译句子:22 1、谁比 Jim 年纪大?是你。 ________ is _________than Jim? ________ are 2、谁比 David 更强壮?是 Gao Shan. ________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。 _________ pencil is _________,______or________?________is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的? 我的弟弟的。 _________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ ___________. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。 _________ ________as _________as your uncle? Yes, I am. 6、他和他的朋友 Jim 一样年轻。 He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦。 ________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him. 8.Yang Ling 每天睡得比 SuYang 晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和 Mike 一样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike. 10.Tom 比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 ____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____. 11.多做运动,你会更强壮。 ________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon. 12.我的科学很好,但是语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.23 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低。 ____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_______ .All my______ _______ _______than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My _____ _____ up _____than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的。 ____the girls ______ ______ ______the boys? Yes, they ____. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好。 ___ you ____football _____than your classmates? No, they ____ as____ as me. 19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My _____ _____ ______than my ______. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 _____sweater_____ as ______ _as_____. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。 My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a_ _____one. 22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) I'm _________ as ________ as Mike. 2

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