介 词
【要点提示】
介词是虚词，用来表示句子中词与词之间的关系。英语中的常用介词就其形式而言，可以分为简单介词（如at, in, for, with等）、合成介词（如into, outside, without等）、短语介词（如as for, instead of, in front of等）和分词介词（如including, past等）。下面是几组介词的比较：
一、表示时间的介词
1. at, on, in
at表示在某一时间点，在某一时刻，如at 6 o’clock, at night等。
on表示在具体的某天或在具体某天的上（下）午或晚上等，如on Sunday, on an autumn evening等。
in表示在某一时段，多数情况下可以和during互换，如in 1998, in the 20th century等。
2. after, in表示在某一段时间之后时，after一般可用于多种时态，而in常与将来时态连用。如：
He will be back in two hours.
He left home after two days.
3. for, from, since
for后接时间段，表示行为、状态持续的时间；from后接时间点，表示该行为、状态的开始； since后接时间点，表示该行为或状态从此时间点一直持续到现在，多与现在完成时态连用。如：
I stayed in London for three weeks.
The girl began to learn English from the age of four.
He has worked here since 1971.
二、表示位置和方向的介词
1. on, above, over, below, under
on 表示“在……（平面）上”，强调与物体表面接触；above 表示“在……上方”，反义词为below；over 表示“在……（垂直）上方”，反义词是under。
2. at, in
at表示“在……(地点)”，通常是某一点的位置，指相对较小的地方。如：We will meet at the station.
in表示“在……内”，指相对较大的地方。如：He works in Hong Kong.
3. in front of, in the front of
in front of表示“在（物体外部的）前面”； in the front of表示“在（物体内部的）前面”。如：
There is a tall tree in front of our classroom.
There is a big TV set in the front of our classroom.
三、表示工具、方式或手段的介词
by, in, on都可表示乘坐某种交通工具。
by后可接交通工具的名词，也可接非交通工具的名词，中间不用冠词，如by bike / plane / sea / air 等。而on, in后跟交通工具名词时，常要加限定词，如冠词、指示代词、物主代词等。如in his car, on my
bike等，但要注意“步行”要用on foot。
四、其它常用的介词
1. with 表示“用某种工具、方式（抽象）”，也可表示“用某种材料”，还可表示“和……一起”、“具有，带有”。如：I cut the apple into pieces with a knife.
I’d like to go with you.
She is a beautiful girl with bright eyes.
2. to
to意为“向； 去； 为； 对……”等。如：
He turned to me and smiled.
To me, it’s more important.
3. except, besides, beside
except意为“除了……之外,（其余都）……”；besides意为“除……之外，（还，也）”；beside 意为“在……旁边”。如：
None of us has been to the Great Wall except Jim.
Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.
He was standing beside a car.
【介词专练】
Ⅰ. 请根据句意，用适当的介词填空。
1. There is a picture_____________ the wall.
2. She will arrive _______________ Nanjing tomorrow.
3. I like to look _____________the stars ____________the sky ______________ night.
4. The temperature is 15℃______________ zero. (-15℃)
5. Human beings can’t live _______________ air.
6. It’s very nice ________________you to say so.
7. I’m looking forward to hearing ____________________ Jim.
8. Everyone went fishing __________________ Tom because he was ill.
9. Lucy learns Chinese________________ listening to the radio.
10. The river runs _______________the city from the west to the east.
Ⅱ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
( )1. We all agree ____________ you. Let’s start ____________ once.
A. to; in B. at; for C. with; at D. on; at
( )2. My sister usually thinks___________ Chinese first and then she turns her words into English.
A. by B. in C. with D. through
( )3. The teacher __________a book__________ his hand came over to the blackboard.
A. with, in B. 不填, in C. on, on D. with, 不填
( )4. __________the help of his teacher, he becomes good at English.
A. Under B. On C. With D. For
( )5. It’s useful _____________ you to learn to drive.
A. of B. for C. with D. at
( )6. Communication is very important in our life. It’s a bridge ___________the old and the young.
A. across B. over C. between D. among
( )7. Don’t run ____________the street while the traffic lights are red.
A. through B. along C. across D. on
( )8. There is a park_____________ the back of Mr Green’s house.
A. behind B. at C. in D. on
( )9. Mr Smith will come back___________ three days.
A. in B. for C. on D. at
( )10. Let’s go__________ the road. The shop is _________the other side.
A. across; on B. over; in C. through; in D. between; on
( )11. Here are some flowers __________ you ___________best
wishes.
A. to, for B. for, with C. of, to D. from, to
( )12. We were pleased that he was __________ our plan.
A. for B. against C. with D. on
( )13. He got a chair to sit _________, but nobody to talk________ .
A. in, to B. 不填, with C. on, 不填 D. 不填, to ( )14. Thanks_________ our teacher, we were able to solve the problem.
A. for B. to C. in D. with
( )15. Nobody can stop me__________ working hard at English.
A. for B. on C. from D. in
( )16. We have bought a house__________ a small garden in front of it.
A. with B. of C. near D. in
( )17. We’ll leave __________Beijing ____________ my dad’s car.
A. on, in B. for, on C. for, in D. in, in
( )18. He has no pen to write___________, because he left his pencil-box at home this morning.
A. on B. for C. with D. in
( )19. We shouldn’t laugh _____________others.
A. in B. at C. to D. for
( )20. I got ___________the city ____________10.00 p.m.
A. on, at B. to, at C. in, in D. at, in
( )21. Jim waited __________the bus stop ___________ twenty
minutes.
A. in, at B. for, for C. at, for D. from, of
( )22. Reading _________ the sun isn’t good _________ your
eyes.
A. under, for B. in, for C. in, at D. under, at
( )23. Mr Green got_________ the bus near the
supermarket and then he went home ___________ foot.
A. off, on B. to, on C. on, by D. off, by
( )24. Swimming is good____________ our health, but _________ the same time we shouldn’t forget the danger.
A. for, in B. for, at C. at, at D. at, on
( )25. We have lived here __________the year of 2000.
A. in B. since C. before D. after
Ⅲ. 请在下面短文的空白处填入适当的介词。
If you were (1)______________ trouble, what would you do? Would you wait, ask (2)_______________ help or solve it by yourself? Here is a story (3) _________________ this topic. Once, a terrible flood destroyed the whole village. A man in front of a house was surrounded (围住) by the flood, but he was not very scared, because he always believed in God. He thought God was keeping him there for his safety. (4) _____________ that moment, a big wooden board came. If he caught it, the board would help him become safe, but the man kept waiting for God. He didn’t take a look (5) __________ it at all. Then a small boat passed by, but the man still kept waiting and did nothing. Soon the boat was gone, too. The water was deeper and deeper, and the house was going to be broken. Two people in another boat were worried (6)___________ him and shouted to him,“Come down and go (7) _____________ us!” But the poor man stayed there and kept waiting for God.
You can guess the result easily. The man died
(8)______________ the end. When he saw God in heaven, he complained
(9)_______________God, “Why didn’t you save me?” God said he had tried to save him. The big wooden board, the small boat, and the two men were all the helpers he had sent to help him, but the man refused them. (10)____________ this we can see that God helps those who help themselves. If you don’t help yourself, God won’t help you, either.
参考答案
介词专练
Ⅰ. 1. on 2. in 3. at, in, at 4. below
5. without 6. of 7. from 8. except 9. by
10. through
Ⅱ. 1-5 CBACB 6-10 CCBAA 11-15 BAABC
16-20 ACCBB 21-25 CBABB
Ⅲ. 1. in 2. for 3. about 4. At 5. at 6. about 7. with
8. in 9. to 10. From
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