Unit 4 Everyday economics
1．blank adj.无表情的→blankly adv.茫然地；没有表情地→blankness n．空白；空
虚
2．potential n．潜力；可能性→potentiality n．潜力→potentially adv.潜在地
3．enterprise n．企业；事业；事业心→enterprising adj.有创业精神的
4．distribute v．分发；分配→distribution n．分销→distributor n．经销商
→distributive adj.分配的
5．guide v．指导；引导→guidance n．指导；引导
6．consult v．咨询→consultant n．顾问
1．blank adj.空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的
①She turned to a blank page in her notebook. 空白的
②Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.茫然的
③He received a blank refusal. 彻底的
2．distribution n．分配，分布；分发，分送；(商品)运销，经销，分销
①The map shows the distribution of this species across the world. 分布
②The distribution of things involves giving or delivering them to a number of
people or places. 分发，分送
③Worldwide distribution systems are developing fast. 运销，经销
Words and Phrases
知识要点 1 seat n．座位，坐处(如椅子等)；有……座位的；有……座的；(椅子等的)
座部 v.向……提供座位；(使)就座；坐；落座；可坐……人；能容纳……人
[教材 P38] She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead，
which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of
the four people seated in front of her.
然而，她无法掩盖额头上流淌着的那道汗水，一部分是由于电视演播室的高温造成的，
但更多的是因为害怕坐在她前面的四个人。
[例 1] There are no seats left on that flight.
那次航班没座位了。
[例 2] He seated himself behind the desk.
他在书桌后面坐下。
[造句] 他坐在杰克和汤姆之间。
He is seated between Jack and Tom.
[知识拓展]
(1)have/take a seat 请坐
reserve a seat 预订座位
be on the edge of your seat 心情紧张地等待；兴奋地等待某事
be in the driving seat 操纵，掌管，处于控制地位
(2)be seated 就座
stay/remain seated 继续坐着
seat oneself beside/in/on 坐在……旁边/里面/上面
seat sb.on/near 安排某人坐在某处
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Please be seated(seat)so we can begin our meeting.
②He waved towards a chair，and seated(seat)himself at the desk.
③The game had the crowd on the edge of their seats(心情紧张)．
知识要点 2 blank adj.空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的
[教材 P38] They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they
would say next.
他们回头看了看，从他们没有表情的脸上根本看不出接下来他们会说什么。
[例 1] She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
她一脸木然地盯着我。
[例 2] He looked at her out of black blank eyes that made no opportunity for
her to speak.
他那双黑眼睛茫然地望着她，不给她开口的机会。
[造句] 我的脑子一片空白。
My mind went totally blank.
[知识拓展]
go blank (脑子)一片空白
draw a blank 无回音；无结果；无收获
blank out 突然变空
blank sth.out 掩盖；遮盖；刻意忘记；抹去记忆
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①So far，the police investigation has drawn a blank(没有收获)．
②I was trying to blank out previous situations from my mind.
知识要点 3 end up 结果为……；以……结束
[教材 P38] Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing.
张月从没想过她最终会从事这样的工作。
[例 1] The result was that the engine ended up at the bottom of the canal.
结果引擎最终沉到了运河底。
[例 2] If you don't know what you want，you might end up getting something you
don't want.
如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。
[造句] 如果你继续那样花钱，你很快就会负债累累。
You will soon end up in debt if you keep on spending money that way.
[知识拓展]
(1)end up doing sth. 最终以做某事结束
end(up)in 以……告终；结果为……
end(up)with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
end up as 最终成为……
(2)come to an end 结束
put/bring an end to 结束……
in the end 最后，终于
on end 竖立；直立着；连续地
make(both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①While studying，fix your mind on what is really important，or you will end up
remembering (remember)nothing.
②Andersen was born into a poor family，but ended up as one of the greatest writers
of his time.
③The lecture ended up with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet.
④If we neglect our future，we'll end up in failure.
⑤The doctor's motive was to bring an end to his patient's suffering (结束病
人的痛苦)．
⑥He is a wonderful companion and we can talk for hours on end (我们可以连续
聊上好几个小时)．
[小片段填空]
As a child he wished to become a sportsman，but he ended up as a singer.He often
threw parties where he usually began with cakes and ended up with sweets.He became
very fat.He tried many ways to lose weight，ending up gaining(gain)weight soon again.I
told him not to hold a party again and if he didn't follow my advice，he would end
up in failure.
知识要点 4 surround vt.围绕；环绕
[教材 P38] Surrounded by roses as she was growing up，she paid them little
attention.
即便她是在玫瑰丛中长大的，却很少注意到它们。
[例 1] When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers
and militiamen.
汽车停在城镇广场时就被士兵和民兵包围了。
[例 2] As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.
幼年时我备受关爱。
[造句] 我需要一些人立刻包围这所房子。
I need some people to surround this house right now.
[知识拓展]
(1)surround sb./sth.with... 使某人/某物被……包围
surround oneself with sb./sth. 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境(通常用复数形式)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The trees surrounding(surround)the lake were planted by the soldiers ten years
ago.
②I like to surround(surround) myself with beautiful things.
③Surrounded(surround)by a dozen of children，the woman happily celebrated her
80th birthday.
[小片段填空]
As a famous pop star，he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit
him from the surrounding towns.And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green
trees and flowers，because he can get much more pleasure from nature.
知识要点 5 potential n．可能性；潜在性；潜力；潜质 adj.潜在的；可能的
[教材 P38] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning
to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
直到从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。
[例 1] The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing
sales.
欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。
[例 2] First we need to identify actual and potential problems.
首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。
[造句] 他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
He has the potential to become a worldclass musician.
[知识拓展]
the potential for sth. ……的可能性
have/show potential 有潜力/表现出潜力
achieve/fulfil/realize your potential
发挥潜力
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
① All children should be encouraged to realize/fulfil/achieve their full
potential (发挥潜力)．
②The potential for abuse in such a system is enormous.
知识要点 6 present vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；呈现；赠送，颁发，介绍 adj.
出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 n．礼物；赠品；现在
[教材 P39] Like Zhang，they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment
and advice...
像张月一样，他们提出自己的想法，希望得到投资和建议……
[例 1] You need to present yourself better.
你需要更善于展示自己。
[例 2] May I present my fiancé to you?
请允许我向您介绍我的未婚夫。
[造句] 你需要更好地展示自己。
You need to present yourself better.
[知识拓展]
(1)present sb.with sth. 向某人赠送某物
present sth.to sb. 向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物
(2)be present at 出席……
(3)at present＝at the present time 目前，现在
for the present 目前；就现在而言
[即学即练] 写出下列句中 present 的含义
①The company presented a medal to him on the day when he retired. 赠予
②The present situation is taking a turn for the better.当前的
③How many people were present at the meeting yesterday？出席的
④These notes will remind you how to present your ideas.陈述；提出
⑤Whenever you buy a present，you should think about it from the receiver's point
of view.礼物
[小片段填空]
All students were present at the meeting on Teachers' Day.Some students presented
flowers to the representatives of teachers as festival presents．
知识要点 7 purchase n．购买；采购；购买的东西；v.买；购买；采购
[教材 P39] After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing
to purchase my product and help with its distribution.
我上了电视后，一家主要的亚洲化妆品制造商愿意购买我的产品并帮助我分销。
[例 1] We guarantee to refund your money if you are not delighted with your
purchase.
若您对所购商品不满意， 我们保证退款。
[例 2] He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books.
他给儿子一些钱购买学校的课本。
[造句] 我想买这件衬衫。
I would like to purchase this shirt，please.
[知识拓展]
make a purchase 购买
on special purchase 特价出售
purchase price 购买价格
purchasing power 购买力
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①These boots are on special purchase.
②The purchasing power of the dollar (美元的购买力) has declined.
知识要点 8 consultant n．顾问
[教材 P39] ...she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert
consultants before rushing into things.
……她建议人们要现实一点，向内行的顾问寻求指导，以免仓促行事。
[例 1] That company wanted to hire him as their consultant，but he declined
firmly.
那家公司想雇他做顾问，但他坚决拒绝了。
[例 2] Our company didn't have a specialist，so we hired a consultant.
我们的公司没有专家，所以我们聘请了一位顾问。
[造句] 顾问将解释我们该如何经营我们的业务。
The consultant will explain how we should run our business.
[知识拓展]
(1)consult v． 请教/咨询
(2)consult sb.about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事
consult with sb.about sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事
consult a doctor 向医生求诊
consult a dictionary 查字典
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Why didn't you consult with me about such an important matter?
②By the time I arrived at the ward，my consultant (consult) was already there.
[小片段填空]
I am a 34yearold man，married，live in a nice house，and have a successful career
as an educational consultant．One day，a boy went to my office to consult me about
the method of learning English.Having consulted me，he knew how to improve his English
and went home happily.
知识要点 9 access n．接近；通路；接近或进入的权利/机会/通路 v．进入；存取(尤
指电脑数据)；访问
[教材 P39] What really matters is a sound business plan，access to capital，
and good management and negotiating skills.
真正重要的是一个完备的商业计划、获得资金的渠道、以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。
[例 1] Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
[例 2] You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
[造句] 药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。
Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
[知识拓展]
(1)access to... 接近……的机会；进入……的权利
have/get/gain/obtain access to... 可以接近/会见/进
入……
(2)accessible adj. 可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to 可进入……；可使用……；易接近……
[即学即练] 写出下列句中 access 的含义/单句语法填空
①To sum up，low price，easy access to information and wide use make students
use computers a lot. 接近……的机会
②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 通路
③He accessed three different files to find the correct information. 访
问
④Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might imitate the
things they see.
⑤All the sites are free to the public and accessible(access) to anyone with an
Internet connection.
[小片段填空]
Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village，so it is not accessible to
outside now.
Sentence Patterns
重点句式 1 独立主格结构
[教材 P38] They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they
would say next.
他们回头看了看，从他们没有表情的脸上根本看不出接下来他们会说什么。
句式分析：句子中 their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next
为“逻辑主语＋ 现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一
致，它独立存在。
[例 1] Mary has written two novels，both of them having been made into television
series.
玛丽已经写了两部小说，都被拍成了电视剧。
[例 2] All the tickets sold when they arrived，they went away，disappointed.
当他们到达的时候，票都卖光了，他们失望地走开了。
[造句] 我手里拿着剑跟着他来到这里。
I followed him here，sword in hand.
[知识拓展]
该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，常见的独立主格结构形式是：
(1)名词/代词＋名词
(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式
[翻译 1] 人体有许多器官组成，每一个器官都有确定的工作要做。
The human body is composed of organs，each having a definite job to do．
[翻译 2] 有许多工作要做，我必须待在家里一整天。
Lots of work to do，I have to stay at home all day.
[即学即练] 句型转换/单句语法填空
①The trees there are extremely tall，and some measures over 90 metres.
→The trees there are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
②Then she leapt backwards，back arched(arch)and fur on end，tail held out stiffly.
重点句式 2 强调句型
[教材 P39] It was only then that the locals began to believe me.
就是在那时，本地人才开始相信我。
句式分析：该句子是对时间状语 then 的强调。
[例 1] I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday.
我想知道你昨天这个时候在干什么。
[例 2] It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new
neighbors.
当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。
[造句] 只有压力太大才会伤害你。
It is only too much stress that does you harm.
[知识拓展]
1．强调句型的结构
(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句
型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用
who 或 that，其他情况下一律用 that。
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between
parents and children can be settled.
只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。
强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。
It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部
分？
Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?
他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？
由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。
She doesn't know who it was that saved her son.
她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。
(4)not...until 的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag
in the taxi.
直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。
2．强调谓语动词
用助动词 do，does 或 did 来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述
句中，do 还可以用于祈使句。
She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.
她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。
[翻译 1] 直到战争结束他才回家。
It is not until the war was over that he returned home.
[翻译 2] 是你做的而不是你说的才重要。
It is what you did not what you said that counts.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①It is not only the attitudes towards science that are changing.
②It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
③Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?
④I did not realise that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark
glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realised that she was
a famous film star. (用强调句型改写)
→ Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realise that she was a famous
film star. (用倒装句改写)
It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her
parents that Zhang realised the potential.
分析：本句是强调句型，被强调部分是 only after graduating from university overseas
and returning to visit her parents，正常语序是 Zhang realised the potential only after
graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents.强调句型的
基本结构是： It is/was ＋被强调部分 ＋that/who＋其他成分。
译文：直到从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。
教材 高考
1.It was only after graduating from
university overseas and returning to visit
her parents that Zhang realised the
potential.
(2016·江苏卷)He sensed a great
potential in her despite her
weaknesses.
2.After I went on TV，a major Asian
manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to
purchase my product and help with its
distribution.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)…the reader had to go
down to the printer's office to
purchase a copy.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I found her crying very much，tears running(run) down her cheeks.
2．Little Franz was surprised to see some of the village people seated(seat) on
the benches at the end of the room.
3．The police gained access through a broken window.
4．I ended up doing(do) all the work myself.
5．He realised the potential for error in the method being used.
6．Who was it that won the US Open?
7．She found that all the names in the letter had been blanked(blank) out.
8．If you don't know how to use this word，consult(consult) a dictionary.
9．Last month they purchased(purchase) the land for $1 million.
10．It's one of the few countries where people drive on the left.
Ⅱ.短语填空
as to；a world away from；row upon row；be bitten by the...bug；start out
1．This gave me a clue as to the source of the problem.
2．It is a world away from the world we know.
3．Row upon row of newly built warehouses line the waterfront.
4．I've definitely been bitten by the cooking bug．
5．I'm careful to start out by saying clearly what I want.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Zhang Yue was very nervous when giving a presentation at the programme 1. called
(call)Young startsups.To experience the 2.freedom(free)of being her own boss and
give something back to her home town，Zhang Yue decided to grow roses there after
graduation.
3.Despite growing up in the country，she still had a lot to learn after overcoming
a number of 4.obstacles(obstacle)in nursing her business.The biggest challenge was
to persuade people to work for her.Few people in the village believed her.After she
went on TV，a major Asian
manufacturer was cooperated with her 5.willingly (willing) by purchasing her products
and 6. helping(help)with its distribution.Now，her product is one of the best in
Asia.When 7.it comes to other 8.enterprising(enterprise)young people，Zhang Yue says
that running a new business is not for everyone and advises that people
9.be(be)realistic.It is many factors 10.that decide your success.
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