Unit 3 The world meets China
1．The relationship between culture should be absorption and integration, not
plunder and conquest.
文化的关系应是吸收和融合，绝不是掠夺与征服。
2．Culture won't because of the poverty of a country，and lost its value.
文化不会因为一个国家的贫穷而失掉它的价值。
3．Geographical environment decided to the development of culture，and traditional
culture can affect the course of history.
地理环境决定文化的发展，而传统文化会影响历史的进程。
The Chinese nation is a hardworking and intelligent people who has made great
contributions to the world civilization.Referring to the Chinese cultural heritage，
some of them are preserved very well.If you have a chance to travel to China，I recommend
you first to visit Beijing and Xi'an ， where many historic sites are worth
visiting.Apart from the historical and cultural heritage，the beauty of West Lake
in Hangzhou and Guilin Scenery cannot be ignored.Some villages in Yunnan Province
still remain simple folk customs ，inside which you will be reminded of the good
old days.
Known as “the mother of Uygur music”，Muqam(木卡姆)has a long history.Some
scholars believe that its origins can be traced back to the “Great Western Region
Melody”(西域大曲)．This developed during the Han(202 BC～220 AD)and Tang(618～907
AD)dynasties and enjoyed great popularity in central China.In the mid16th century，
the Silk Road connected China and Europe.Xinjiang was at the centre of the cultural
exchange between east and west.Muqam music was spread across Uygurpopulated areas
during that time.The queen of Yarkant Kingdom(叶尔羌汗国)，whose name was Amannisahan，
was a poet and musician.She devoted all her efforts to collecting and sorting Muqam
music.With the help of other experts，she finally worked out 12 pieces of music，
which became the famous Twelve Muqam.When Amannisahan was doing her work，she didn't
seek materials from the fully developed Arabian and Persian music.Instead，she
exploited (利用) the rich resources of Uygur folk music that spread across the north
and the south of the Tianshan Mountains.As a result，the Twelve Muqam has a strong
Uygur flavor.
After New China was founded，the local government of
the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region made every effort to
preserve the Twelve Muqam.In 1960，two volumes of the
Twelve Muqam were published.This finally protected this
oral cultural heritage.Over the past two decades，local Xinjiang cultural institutions
have supported research projects.A number of books about the Twelve Muqam have been
published.CDs，and DVDs of the Twelve Muqam have also been made.
[探究发现]
1．Find out the person who made the greatest contribution to the spread of Muqam.
Amannisahan.
2．Find out what played an important role in the protection of Muqam after New
China was founded.
The local government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
3．Find out the main idea of the passage and then think of a proper title for
it.
Muqam，an art form of Xinjiang.
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